英语高考名词总结-

1、,词汇量：5500多单词,简单句 并列句 复合句,词类,名词和冠词,动词,代词和数词,介词和连词,形容词和 副词,非谓语动词,动词时态.,情态动词,定语从句 名词性从句 状语从句,高 中 英 语,语言知识,语言运用,虚拟语气,听力,阅读,写作,词法,句法,系动词,助动词,实义动词,语态,强调句型,主谓一致,倒装,省略,名 词,名词考点： 1.单复数 2.所有格 3.可数名词不可数名词 4.主谓一致,I.可数名词的复数变法,情况,加法,例词,一般情况,以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词,以辅音y结尾的词,以辅音+o 结尾的词,以f或fe结尾的词,加-s,加-es,去y加-ies,有生命加-es，无生

2、命加-s,把f/fe改成ves,brothers;schools,buses; watches; dishes,ladies; countries,heroes; tomatoes zoos,photos,halves; leaves,1.规则动词,不规则名词单复数变化:,（1）单复数同形: sheep, deer, fish, means, species, works(工厂), aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans Ame

3、rican-Americans,鹿羊鱼不分种类各种手段进工厂 飞行器后都一致,“中日瑞”友好是一致 “英法”联盟a变e 其余一律加s,2）改变字母： man -men, woman -women, policeman -policemen, sales woman sales women, foot -feet, tooth -teeth, goose -geese, mouse mice basis-bases louse-lice （3）增加字母: child -children, ox oxen,男士女士a变e，鹅牙脚双o变双e 孩子们想去天安门，原形后面ren 老鼠虱子都爱牛,（4）以

4、o结尾的词： 加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, studio, bamboo, tobacco 加es: tomato, potato, hero,negro Negroes and heroes like to eat tomatoes and potatoes. （5）以f或fe结尾的词: 直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf, 变f为v再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf, wolf, thief,shelf, self,黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌 躲在架后保己命

5、，半片树叶遮目光,(6) 合成名词的复数形式： 1.将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数： looker(s)-on, passer(s)-by, mother(s)-in-law 无主体名词将最后一部分变为复数： grown-up(s), go-between(s) (中间人）， 2.含man或 woman的合成名词： 它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如： a man doctor- two men doctors woman teacher-women teachers 注意：boy students, girl friends, lady doctors,一些名词经常以复数形式出现： tro

6、users, pants, shorts, glasses, compasses圆规, scales天平, scissors剪刀 裤子和眼镜，天平圆规和剪子 s叮得紧，只因两条腿。,A名词只能用复数形式的短语： do exercises （做操） take notes (做笔记） take turns （轮流） make friends with （交朋友） shake hands with (握手） as follows （如下） in rags （衣衫褴褛） in dozens （成打的）,II.不可数名词的”数”,1. 抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如： 抽象名词（不

7、可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词） in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事 win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事) win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事) by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历 youth青春 a youth一个青年人 have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情 with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事,Failure is the mother of success. He thought himself a

8、failure. He has got rich experience after many experiences Though she loves beauty, she is not a beauty. He gains success in marriage, but he is not a success in career.,2. 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如： A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a w

9、alk (swim, bath, talk) with me? It is a waste of time reading such a novel.,必须牢记的不可数名词,progress advice fun information work baggage luggage news jewelry weather equipment knowledge homework furniture 改错： 1. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 2. If we go on a trip abroad, we can b

10、roaden our view and gain knowledges.,1) 当不可数名词表示个体时，必须使用单位名词(量词)。 a piece of advice / bread / chalk / news a pair of glasses / shoes / trousers two bottles of ink / milk /wine 2）下面不可数名词不可与不定冠词连用。 advice weather knowledge homework progress fun news housework information furniture traffic,3)有些名词的用法随意义

11、变化而不同。 coffee(咖啡) a coffee(一杯咖啡) glass (玻璃) a glass (玻璃杯) man (人类) a man (男人) iron (铁) an iron (熨斗) room （空间） a room（房间） work （工作 ） a work（著作） paper （报纸） a paper（报社） hair （头发） hairs（几根头发）,III. 名词单复数的特殊情况:,集体名词只用作复数： police , cattle , people ， public, the youth (2) 集体名词用作不可数名词: clothing, furniture, l

12、uggage (baggage), wealth (3) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数： family, class, population, staff, crew, couple, public, group, team, party, club, company, government, committee, audience, enemy (4) 只有复数形式的名词: clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, scissors, goods ，wages, tears,(5) 以s结尾但不表示复数: mathematics, physics,

13、politics, news, woods(森林), works(工厂) (6) 有没有s结尾意义不同： glass glasses, cloth clothes, work works, water waters, wood woods, goodgoods, time times(时代), paper papers(论文) custom customs(海关), (7) 姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩: the Greens ；the Chengs,名词所有格 表示名词间的所有关系“ 的” 一.名词所有格的构成方法 1.单数名词后加“ s” *Tom s book *my frien

14、d s uncle 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ”即可 *Teachers Day *two weeks holiday 3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“ s” * Children s Day * men s shoes,注意：但是有些表示时间、距离、国家、等无生命的东西的名词，可以加“s”来构成所有格。 Todays newspaper ten minutes walk， Chinas problem， tomorrows weather in two years time two hours delay 注意： two hours delay =a two-hou

15、r delay： 例如：We have ten minutes break. We have a tenminute break 4.用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系 *a picture of the classroom the cover of the book,.双重属格： 限定词+名词+of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词 强调左边的名词是右边名词的一部分： a friend of my fathers; two classmates of mine some friends of my brothers that book of Tims,二.名词所有格

16、的几个注意点 1.可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略 * my aunts ( home） * go to the teachers ( office） 2.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“s” Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有） Lucys and Lilys room.露西的房间和莉莉的房间（两人各有）,.语境感悟 Two _1_ (月) ago，I had dinner at _2_ (Mr.White) with two _3_ (朋友) and three _4_ (英雄).During the dinner，White talked

17、 a lot about his _5_ (experience) in America. He told me that they met with many (difficult). He gained his _8 _ (wealthy) by printing works of famous writers. After the dinner，he made five _ 9_ (tea) for us. As far as I am concerned，I thought Mr. White focused too much on (successful) because he didnt want to be a _10_ (fail).,months,Mr. Whites,friends,heroes,experience,difficulties,wealth,teas,success,failure,高考真题,1.One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. 2.The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficul