Greece.ppt

1、Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus Greek Philosophy Quick Facts: Greek Philosophy Greek Literature Greek Architecture and Art,Greek Achievements,Reading Focus How did Greek philosophy influence later thinking? What types of literature did the Greeks create? What were the aims of Greek art and archite

2、cture?,Main Idea The ancient Greeks made great achievements in philosophy, literature, art, and architecture that influenced the development of later cultures and ideas.,Greek Achievements,Despite their condemnation of Socrates, the people of ancient Greece were great believers in philosophy. The wo

3、rd philosophy itself comes from the Greek word philosophia, meaning “the love of wisdom.”,Greek Philosophy,Philosophy of Socrates,Theory of Government Philosophers most qualified to make good decisions Did not support Athenian democracy in which all men could take part Plato wanted to make philosoph

4、ers education more formal Founded the Academy, which in Platos lifetime became most important site for Greek philosophers to do their work,Plato One of Socrates students, became great philosopher in own right Left behind great number of writings that record ideas on wide variety of topics, from natu

5、re of truth to ideal form of government The Republic argues that government should be led by philosophers,The Third Philosopher Aristotle was among students who studied at the Academy More concerned with nature of world that surrounded him Tried to apply philosophical principles to every kind of kno

6、wledge,Inferring New Facts Aristotle also helped develop field of logic, process of making inferences Example: birds have feathers, lay eggs; owls have feathers, lay eggs; therefore, owl must be a type of bird,Emphasis on Reason and Logic Emphasis on reason, logic Reason, clear and ordered thinking;

7、 use reason to learn about world Observe carefully, think rationally about what one has seen,Aristotle,Identify Who were the greatest philosophers of ancient Greece?,Answer(s): Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle,These two works became basis for the Greek education system.,Other Greek literature remains,

8、 with a great many works still popular today. Greeks excelled in poetryboth epics and other formshistory, and drama.,Greek Literature,Other Forms of Poetry,Greeks wrote many types of poetry besides epics Hesiod wrote descriptive poetry about works of gods, lives of peasants Greeks also created lyric

9、 poetry Named after the lyre, musical instrument often played to accompany reading of poems Lyric poems do not tell stories, but deal with emotions, desires Lyric poets Sappho, one of few Greek women to gain fame as writer; dealt with daily life, marriage, love Pindar, late 500s, early 400s; poems c

10、ommemorated public events, like Olympic Games,Among fields for which Greeks best known Greek authors wrote about and analyzed own past First major Greek historian, Herodotus Lived in Greece during wars with Persia; described battles and public debates in The Histories,History,While the Greeks wrote

11、histories to preserve the past, they created a new form of writing for entertainmentdrama, the art of playwriting.,Drama,Distinct Forms,Find the Main Idea In what forms of writing did the Greeks excel?,Answer(s): epics, history, poetry, drama,Beauty Athenians enjoyed beauty, both written and visual

12、Expressed love of written beauty through literature; visual beauty through architecture, art,Enhancements To enhance appearance of buildings, added fine works of art, painted and sculpted Grandest buildings built on acropolis, at citys center,Architecture Athenians wanted their city to be most beaut

13、iful in Greece Built magnificent temples, theatres, public buildings,Parthenon Most magnificent on acropolis Massive temple to Athena Begun by Pericles, 447 BC Took 14 years to build,Greek Architecture and Art,Greek Architecture and Art,Parthenon impressive not for sheer size, but for proportion Des

14、igners careful not to make too tall, too wide Parthenon more than 200 feet long, 100 feet wide Had doors, no windows Surrounded by tall, graceful columns Above columns, slabs of marble carved with scenes from myths Ruins appear white today, but parts originally painted in vivid hues Huge gold, ivory

15、 statue of Athena stood inside Parthenon,Human Forms Greek sculptors among finest world has ever known Particularly adept at sculpting human form; studied people at rest, moving Tried to re-create what they saw, paid particular attention to muscles,Roman Copies Few original works remain; most copies

16、 made a few hundred years later Roman artists made many copies of greatest Greek statues Many copies survived even after original statues destroyed,Lifelike, Not Realistic Greeks wanted statues to look lifelike, active, not necessarily realistic Portrayed subjects as physically perfect, without blem

17、ishes, imperfections Greek statues almost all depict figures of great beauty, grace,Sculpture,Larger Paintings Little evidence of larger works; written sources say Greeks created murals in many public buildings Often included scenes from Iliad, Odyssey; showed aftermath of battles, rather than battle itself Themes similar to tragic drama popular with Athenians,Painting Only a few original Greek paintings survive Best preserved are paintings on vases, plates, other vessels Scenes from everyday life, or from myths, legends Most use only red, black; still convey movement, dept