综合英语B-2-U12TransingMars.ppt

1、Unit 12 Transforming Mars,Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer. 1. What does Mike have doubts about ? a. He was about Mr. Black s lectures. b. He has doubts about the present space plans. c. He has doubts about how to write an article. 2. Why does Mike say space travels are a waste

2、of money? a. He think that the money should have been spent to improve the poor peoples life. b. He thinks that only rich people can make space travels. c. He thinks that Martians dont like human beings to visit them. 3.Why are scientists looking for some other planets for human beings to live on ac

3、cording to Mr. Black. a. The population is increasing rapidly , and there will not be enough room for everyone on the earth. b. People have become bored of living on the earth , and they want to have a change. c. The resources on the earth will be used up eventually.,4. How does Mr. Blake express hi

4、s uncertainty about the number of years before the resources on the earth are used up? a. the resources will have been used up er pretty soon, I suppose, but Im not very sure. b. the resources will have been used up in er I dont know, in a few hundred years time, perhaps, maybe sooner than that. c.

5、the resources will have been used up in about er five hundred years time, though I cant say for certain.,The answers: 1.b 2.a 3.c 4.b,Conversation A: Mike, a middle school student. B: Mr. Blake, Mikes teacher A: Excuse me, Mr. Blake, have you got any time now?B: Sure, Mike. Whats it about?A: Im writ

6、ing an article. It discusses why human beings are interested in the outer space.B: Well, thats obviously a fascinating topic to write about. Im sure Ill be very much interested in reading it.A: I hope it will be an interesting article, but the trouble is Im not quite sure . I mean . Ive some doubts

7、about the present space plans .B: For example?A: Space travels, exploring Mars, that sort of thing.B: Ah, yes, I see. Er . why do you see them as a problem then?,A: Well, I think . er . is it really necessary for us to travel so far away? I mean . you see, therere so many poor people right here on t

8、he earth .B: Why dont they spend the money to help the poor? Is this what you want to say?A: Yes, but instead they waste the money looking for Martians, or whatever they are called.B: Mike, the space plan does cost a lot, but thats not a waste of money, I must say. On the contrary, the space plans w

9、ill help to make human beings live better in the future.A: To make us live better? I dont see the point, Im afraid.B: You see, Mike, they are actually looking for new planets for human beings to live on.,A: Why, arent there enough room on the earth for us?B: Yes, but the thing is the resources on th

10、e earth will surely have been used up in . er. I dont know, in a few hundred years time, perhaps, maybe sooner than that.A: Oh, I see. So they are looking into the far future, arent they?B: Exactly. Mike, is the point Ive made helpful?A: Yes, it certainly is. Thank you very much, Mr. Blake. I really

11、 appreciate your time.B: Youre most welcome.,Useful Expressions explore: v. conduct a search into 探索He is exploring ways and means of solving the problem. Mars: n. the fourth planet from the sun 火星 room: n. space 空间Theres only standing room in the bus. resource: n. a source of supply and support, na

12、tural assets 资源We should treasure manpower and material resources. use up: run out of 耗尽He used up all his money. on the contrary: oppositeAre you nearly through? On the contrary, Ive only just begun. appreciate: v. thank 感激We shall really appreciate your timely help.,Useful Expressions You may expr

13、ess certainty like this:Definitely/Sure enough/CertainlyTo be sure, he has heard a lot of promises.There must be something wrong with the project.Actually his secretary does all the work.He must have missed the train.I know for sure that Marriott was involved in this affair.I swear I put my bag here

14、 it just seems to have disappeared.My boss told me he had no doubt about my abilities as a salesman.The team is quite confident of being able to win this important game.The builders want to finish the job by Friday, but I bet they wont.Say what you like, I think this government is ruining the countr

15、y.She was convinced that her efforts were fruitless.It is certain/clear/obvious that hell be late.I simply cant bear your barbaric behavior.Dont pretend that you are a good God.,You may express uncertainty like this: I doubt if Jane will cooperate with us.If Im not mistaken, he played a folk song.I

16、cant help wondering if we should go and ask him about it.It is uncertain if she will take the offer.It is not clear that she actually meant to kill him.I might make a trip to Thailand next month, but its still up in the air.There was some uncertainty/doubt about the candidates qualification.Its doub

17、tful / questionable that the leaders of the two sides will reach an agreement.,For a few minutes it was touch-and-go whether we could be allowed out of the police station.It was a borderline decision whether to send him to prison or not.The weather forecast said there was a fifty-fifty chance of rai

18、n.I dont know what to do for the coming weekend maybe a toss-up between fishing or shopping.,Exercise 1There are many ways of expressing certainty and uncertainty. Read the following and match the functions with the actual words spoken,Functions 1, Say you are almost sure that he has missed the trai

19、n. B 2. Say you are not sure about which clothes to wear. F 3. Say you are sure you can finish your work on time. C 4. Say you are not sure if you will go or not. E 5. Say you are sure he has come back. D 6. Ask your friend if he is certain that he can finish his homework in time. A,Actual words spo

20、ken. Are you quite sure you will have done your homework by tomorrow afternoon? b. He must have missed the 6:30 train. c. Ill finish my work on time. I give you my word for it. d. Ill bet hes back home. e. I cant make up my mind whether to go or to stay. f. I what we should wear for the party. haven

21、t a clue about,.,Exercise 2 In the above exercise, we have learnt and practiced ways of expressing certainty and uncertainty in different situations. In this part, additional expressions are listed. Do you know when and where they can be properly used? Read the sentences below and do the matching ex

22、ercise that follows.1. Im quite positive that our team will win the match this time.2. Im a hundred percent certain Jane has flown to South Africa.3. I have a feeling weve taken a wrong road, but I may not be correct.4. Im in two minds where to put my new TV.5. You can be sure about their interest i

23、n this plan.6. Ive no doubt that youll come out first in the contest.7. Im quite convinced of her experience in such a task.8. I cant say for certain what to do next.,Put the above sentence number into a suitable blank. Sentences of Certainty: 12567 Sentences of Uncertainty: 348,Transforming Mars,Ev

24、er since the beginning of history, people have dreamed of interplanetary travel. For centuries, these dreams have remained dreams. But within about 30 years from now, the first people from Earth will have landed on Mars. And by the year 2170, people will have established cities and industries. You s

25、ee, scientists are now making plans to transform Mars so that it will become possible for humans to live and work there. Those dreams will finally come true.,Mars has always fascinated us. There are many stories and films about Men from Mars attacking Earth. Unfortunately, the unmanned spacecraft wh

26、ich we sent there in 1976 found no signs of life on the Red Planet (so called because it is covered in iron oxide(氧化铁）). In many ways, Mars is the planet which is most similar to Earth. A Martian day lasts for about 24 1/2 hours (although a year has 687 days). It is about half the diameter of Earth,

27、 and although there is no water, there is a lot of ice in the two polar ice-caps.,Even though the average temperature is - 60, it would be possible for humans to survive there. (Whereas Venus(金星）, for example, has a temperature of 465, which makes it completely uninhabitable.) The plan which scienti

28、sts are now developing involves a process known as terraforming Mars, i.e., changing Mars so that it becomes more like Earth. Ironically, this means using the green house effect (which we are trying to stop on Earth). The suggested programme would have five main stages.,Stage 1 (2015-2030)The first

29、expedition arrives on Mars, after a journey of about six to nine months. The members construct subterranean buildings and stay on Mars for about a year. They conduct experiments, look for good sites for future landings, and also check for signs of life. They need to wear spacesuits because 95% of th

30、e atmosphere is carbon dioxide(二氧化碳). But the low gravity (one-third of Earths) means they are able to move around easily.,dream: n. series of pictures or events in mind of sleeping person; fantasy; ideal; beautiful person or thing v. 1) to experience dream 2) to think of as a possibility (used with

31、 not, little, never) 3）to spend (time) away impractically The landscape is a perfect dream.I little dream of seeing you here.Dont dream away your time.idiomsbeyond ones dream: beyond ones expectation dream up: (colloq) to imagine, invent go to ones dreams: to fall asleepdream-land: ideal or imaginar

32、y land,interplanetary: between planets; of travel between planetsinter-: a prefix added to verbs, nouns or adjectives, meaning between, from one to anothere.g. internationalintermarry intercultural interclass intercollegiate interbreed interaction,will have done: future perfect tenseWhen you want to

33、 talk about something that will happen before a particular time in the future, you use the future perfect tense.e.g. By the time we phone, hell already have started.By 2004, he will have worked for 30 years.,2) the futureYou can talk about future events in a variety of ways.I am sure you will enjoy

34、your visit to the zoo. (making perditions about the future) Youll be starting school soon, I suppose. (referring to sth .that will normally happen in the course of events) Shes bound / sure/ certain to find out sooner or later. (referring to sth. that is sure to happen ) Its going to rain. (referrin

35、g to an event that you think will happen fairly soon) Another 385 people are about to lose their jobs. (referring to an event that you think will happen very soon),She was on the point of bursting into tears. (referring to an event in very near future) Theyre getting married in June. (talking about

36、plans or arrangements) He is due to start as an envoy in May. (formal arrangement esp. in writing or formal speech) My flight leaves in half an hour . (referring to an event that happens regularly, esp. in timetable or schedule) The president is to visit china next month. (referring to something pla

37、nned to happen, esp. in writing and broadcasting),establish: vt.1) to set up system, business , ect. on permanent basis 2) to settle (person etc. in office etc) 3) to cause to be generally acceptede.g. Great Britain is among the first countries to establish diplomatic relationship with P. R. China.S

38、he was established as the head secretary.Many reforms are carried out to destroy the old system and establish a new and effective one.established: a.establishment: n.,transform: vt. to make considerable change in form, appearance or character of transforrmation 1) a prefix added to adjectives, meani

39、ng across or beyond 2) a prefix added to verbs, meaning into another place/state e.g. transfigure transfusetransplant transport e.g. China is making every effort to transform from a backward agricultural country into an advanced industrial country.,fascinate: vt. to capture interest of ; charm irres

40、istibly fascinating fascination .n e.g. His music has a special vivacity (活力) that fascinates the audience. He found the biological science had a fascinating beauty.,Martian day 火星日，是指火星上一“昼夜”的时间，即火星上的一个太阳日。火星的一个恒星日的平均长度是24小时37分22.663秒，而火星的一个太阳日平均为8 775.24409秒或24小时39分35.24409秒1。火星的平均太阳日仅比地球长近2.7。 火星

41、与地球一样存在均时差，它可以通过火星的日行迹来计算。由于火星的轨道离心率比地球大，所以火星的太阳日长度相当不恒定，平均一天的长度变化幅度比地球大很多，在火星上，太阳比火星钟表的运行有时要慢50分钟，有时又可快40分钟。,diameter n a straight line passing from side to side through the centre of a body or figure, especially a circle or sphere （尤指圆或球体的）直径 the length of this line 直径长 a transverse measurement of

42、 something; width or thickness 横度；宽度；厚度 a unit of linear measurement of magnifying power 放大倍数,polar ice-caps 极地冰帽 覆盖整个山顶或大部分山体的冰体，规模次于冰原,survive: v. 1) to live or exist longer than 2) to continue to live or exist in spite of (danger or accident etc.) eg. She survived her husband for 10 years. The ho

43、use survived the storm. survival: n. survivor: n.,uninhabitable adj (of a place) unsuitable for living in （地点）不适宜居住的 uninhabitableness noun,terraform: A coined word , made up of terra ( meaning earth) and form, means to give sth. an earth-like form or to give sth. a form like it does to earth . i.e.

44、 : abbraviation for (Latin idest) that is to say e.g. This house is not to his taste, he dose not like it. He spoke for the reformers, those who were eager for changes.,ironically adv in an ironic manner 冷嘲地，挖苦地，讥讽地 used to denote a paradoxical, unexpected, or coincidental situation 令人啼笑皆非地；具有讽刺意味地；

45、出乎意料地 sentence adverbironically, the rescue craft which saved her was the boat she was helping to pay for. 真巧，那艘救起她的救生船正是她资助购买的,stage n.舞台, 戏剧, 阶段, 步骤, 行程 v.上演, 举行, 组织, 筹划, 使出现 The disease is still in its primary stage. 这疾病仍然在初发阶段。 Negotiations were at a crucial stage. 谈判正处于一个关键的阶段。 She stood alone

46、on the enormous stage. 她孤零零地站在巨大的舞台上。,expedition noun a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, scientific research, or war （为特定目的而做的）旅行，出行（尤指探险；科学考察；远征） a shopping expedition the people involved in such a journey or voyage 踏上征途的人们

47、；远征队；探险队；考察队 Many of the expedition have passed rigorous courses. mass noun(formal)promptness or speed in doing something (正式)迅速；敏捷 The landlord shall remedy the defects with all possible expedition.,construct: vt. to build, to form construction: n. constructive: adj. The story is skillfully constru

48、cted. It is reported that the peace talk has been constructive.,subterranean adj existing, occurring, or done under the earths surface 存在于地面下的；地底下发生的；在地下进行的 secret; concealed 秘密的；隐藏的 The subterranean world of the behind-the-scenes television power brokers.,site n an area of ground on which a town, b

49、uilding, or monument is constructed （城镇、建筑物或纪念碑的）地基，选址 a place where a particular event or activity is occurring or has occurred （某事件或活动发生的）地点；旧址；遗址 verb (一般作be sited)fix or build (something) in a particular place 给（某物）择址；使坐落在,gravity n (Physics)the force that attracts a body towards the centre of t

50、he earth, or towards any other physical body having mass. For most purposes Newtons laws of gravity apply, with minor modifications to take the general theory of relativity into account (物理)重力；地心吸力；（万有）引力 the degree of intensity of this, measured by acceleration 重（量） extreme or alarming importance;

51、seriousness 重大；严重 crimes of the utmost gravity. 极其严重的罪行。 seriousness or solemnity of manner 严肃；庄严 Has the poet ever spoken with greater eloquence or gravity?.,stage2(2030-2080),More expeditions arrive. Huge solar mirrors are put in orbit around Mars to heat the polar ice-caps. The ice-caps are spray

52、ed black, so that they do not reflect the heat away. Chemicals are released into the air. As a result, the atmosphere becomes thicker and retains more of the Suns heat. The greenhouse effect begins. The ice-caps start to melt, releasing water vapour. The temperature rises to -40,Stage 3 (2080- 2115)

53、,Next, special plants are introduced from Earth. These can convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The first clouds appear, and the sky slowly turns from pink to blue. The temperature goes up to -15 .,Stage 4 (2115-2130),The warming continues, melting more ice. Rivers and small oceans are made. More peo

54、ple migrate from Earth and live in towns. Forests of trees are planted. Mars is looking greener. The temperature is 0 .,Stage 5 (2130-2170),Mars is getting more like Earth. The amount of oxygen in the air rises, and at last the air becomes breathable. The inhabitants can go outside without spacesuit

55、s. The temperature reaches 10 and stays at that level. (Since Mars is 228 million km from the Sun, it seems that it will never be as warm as Earth.) Cities, farms and industries develop all over Mars. The transformation is complete .,expedition a long journey, especially one made by a group of peopl

56、e, to a place that is dangerours or that has not been visited before （尤指一队人）远征；探险 the group of people that make this journey,usually made for a particular purpose 短途出行,ice-cap an area of ice that permanently covers land or sea, such as that on the North or South Poles. 冰盖，冰冠（常年被冰覆盖的陆地或海洋，诸如南北极地区）,me

57、ltng usually before noun一般用于名词前 a melting look, voice, or expression makes you feel strong feelings of pity, love, or sympathy(眼神、噪音或表情）令人爱怜对策；让人伤感的 meltingly adv,Computers Will Soon Jump to Our Every Word Its late evening in Munich station and you need a bed for the night. The tourist bureau is clo

58、sed and theres no phone in sight. So whats new? Well, theres still the latest information system to try out. Projected as an image on a wall in the station is a street map of the city and a set of icons. You point to the hotel icon and then circle with your finger the district you want. A more detai

59、led street map, with flashing spots representing the hotels. You point to one of the spots, and a list gives price and availability of rooms. You book by pointing to the telephone icon. A message on the wall tells you that a car is on its way to pick you up. The fantasy could be a reality within a year or two, says Christopher Maggioni, of a German electronics company.,His research team at the companys laboratory in Munich has already built working prototypes. They remove the need to master tricky procedures on the keyboard, a