初三英语阅读理解技巧.ppt

1、阅读理解题型,ture or fause,A,B,C or D,Answer the questions,1 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。 此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是： 1) Which is the best title of the passage? 2) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_. 3) The passage tells us that_. 4) This passage mainly talks about_.,2. 把握文章的事实和细节的能

2、力。 此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是： 1) Which of the following is right? 2) Which of the following is not mentioned? 3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage? 4) From this passage we know _.,3. 根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。 此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是： 1) The word “ master” in the

3、passage probably means _. 2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _. 3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means _. 4) Here “it” means_.,4. 对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。 此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是： 1) Many visitors come to the writers city to _. 3) Air pollution is t

4、he most serious kind of pollution because _.,5. 依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。 此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是： 1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _. 2) We can infer(推断） from the text that _. 3) From the letters weve learned that its very _ to know something about American soc

5、ial customs. 4) From the story we can guess _.,6. 推断作者意图和态度的能力。 此类题目的主要提问方式是： 1) The writer writes this text to _. 2) The writer believes that _. 3) The writer suggests that _.,3 题目类型31 A类题：可以直接从原文中找到答案的题目 A类题是拿分题。 丢分原因： 1）凭印象做题，准确率低。 2）时间把握最容易出问题：忘记内容的时候往往会回到文章中去找答案，一篇文章往往要读好几遍。,A类题解题技巧：看清题目所问的内容之后

6、，要在原文中划出原句，并标上题号。 这样做的目的： 1）做到万无一失，保证把该拿到的分数拿到手。 2）减少阅读文章的次数，争取宝贵的时间。,2 B 类题：不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题 需要经过分析、判断、推理之后才能解答的题。该类题是失分题，往往是出题老师用来拉开学生梯度和层次的题。 B类题包括：文章主题和中心大意等，一般都是主旨题。 B类题解题技巧： 1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。 要克服“我认为怎么样”的观点。,2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。 因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。所以，当看到第一答案是正确的时候，也要看后面的答案。遇到这种情况，往往有学生钻牛

7、角尖。老师给学生解释的时候，也可以这样说：你的答案没错，但是另一个答案更好，更全面。答案不选对的，只选最好的。 比答案的原则是：好的不知道的；不知道的不对的。,3、注意绝对化的词。 如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。 比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：Almost everyone likes the music. 答题时，要你判断如下这个句子正误（True or False）：Everyone likes the music. 该句子应该是错误的。,一、先读问题，弄清考查要点，

8、以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。 注意抓住关键词。从文章中找到关键词。二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。,阅读理解四步曲,三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点： 1 抓住四个W和一个H，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。 2抓住连接词及

9、起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。 3 注意领会文章的寓意。,4根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种： 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全

10、文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。, 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。,四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误

11、。,典型例题分析根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot, said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次）.Now, we can only see the smo

12、ke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal（煤）fires in the world. They are harmful（有害）and dangerous. Then how to put them out?Scientists have tried to set（放置）fire to underground coal to speed up（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃烧）of underground coal wo

13、uld be soon finished.（被烧完）。,1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _A. at the age of sevenB. seven years oldC. in the year of 1898D. more than（超过）80 years ago 2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because _.A. it was in the holeB. it was very hotC. it was orange D. it wa

14、s harmful 3. How many coal fires are there in the world?A. Theres only one.B. Its hard to say.C. There are 260.D. The article（文章）doesnt tell us.,4. Whats one of the best ways to put out（扑灭）the underground fire? A. To cover（覆盖）the holes with stones（石块）.B. To speed up the fires.C. To see the fires bur

15、ning.D. To do some experiments（试验）. 5. What is the best title（标题）for the article?BA. Watching the Underground - Fire.B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.,分析 1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据。at the age of seven 等于when he was seven，故正确答案为 A 。 2这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正

16、确答案为 B。 3这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为 C。 4在文章的最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案为 B。 5完成这道题需作一定的归纳，因为文章中没有给出直接的回答。文章从Mr Brown两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为 B。,Look at 看 Look at house Look for寻找 I am looking for my pen. Look after 照顾 My mother is looking after my l

17、ittle sister. Look like 看起来像 What does your daddylooklike? She looks like her mother,主动语态：主语是动作的执行者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者,We cant do it in a day. It cant be done in a day. You must do it right now. It must be done right now. She has to finish the work tonight. The work has to be finished tonight,一、根据文章内容判断正

18、误 Fred telephoned his wife. “Ive got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. Well have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Freds wife was very pleased. They hadnt been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They ha

19、d dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “Its very strange,” he said. “They arent here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets werent there, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尴尬). “Whats the matter?” asked his wife

20、. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasnt going home, I left it in the office!”,( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a re

21、staurant.( ) 4. They reached the theatre neither late nor early.( ) 5. Then Fred couldnt find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets.,1、T 因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife “Ive got two free tickets” “free” 此处是免费的意思。 2、F 第二段中提到“They hadnt been to the theater for a long time.” 3、F 第一段中F

22、red说“Meet me outside the office.” 4、T 第二段中“in time”是及时的意思。5T 结尾处提到的。,(A) Do you live in a city? Do you know how cities began? Long long ago, the world had only a few thousand people. These people moved from one place to another. They moved over the land, hunting animals for food. No one knows how or

23、 when these people learned about growing food. But when they did, their life changed. They did not have to look for food any longer. They could stay in one place and grow it.,People began to live near one another, so the first village was established (建立). Many people came to live in the villages, a

24、nd these villages became even larger. When machines appeared, life in the villages changed again. People built factories. More and more people lived near the factories. The cities began. Today, its strange that some people are moving back to small villages. Can you tell me why?,根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。 (

25、T )36.People moved from place to place to hunt animals. (T )37.The story says,“No one knows how or when these people learned about growing food. But when they did, their life changed.” In this sentence, the word “they” means people. ( F )38.When machines appeared, life in the cities changed again. (

26、F )39.All people like to live only in big cities. (F )40.People built factories after the cities grew big.,36.T 由These people moved . animals for food. 可知 本句正确。 37.T 由上下文得知本句中的they指的是人们。 38.F 由文中When machines appeared, life in the villages changed again. 可知改变的是villages中的生活而非cities。 39.F 由Today, its

27、strange that some people . villages. 可知本句错误。 40.F 由People built factories. More and more people lived near the factories. The cities began. 可知本句错误。,(B) Every four years, the greatest athletes from all over the world get together in one city to take part in the world sports meetingthe Olympic Games.

28、The holy flame (圣火) is carried from one place to the next. In 2008, the holy flame was carried to Beijing, the capital of China. When Beijing was chosen as the host city to hold the Olympic Games in 2008, all the Chinese people were very happy, excited and proud. They showed their excitement in diff

29、erent ways when they heard the news. Some people cheered, jumped and shouted.,In Beijing we built a new Olympic village with hotels for athletes and stadiums for matches. “One World, One Dream” is our slogan for the 29th Olympics. It expresses the wishes of 1.3 billion Chinese people for a peaceful

30、and better world tomorrow.,根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 ( )36. The Olympic Games is held every _ years. A. fiveB. twoC. three D. four ( )37. Beijing hosted the 29th Olympics in _. 2007B. 2008C.2012 D.2010 ( )38. _ was built for the 29th Olympics in Beijing. A. HotelsB. Stadiums C. Olympic village D. Villages,( )3

31、9. When Chinese people heard the news that Beijing would hold the 29th Olympics, they _. A. cheeredB. excitedC. shoutedD. all the above ( )40. The slogan for the 29th Olympics is _. A. “Good, better, best”B. “Faster, higher, stronger” C. “One World, One Dream” D. “World, Dream,36.D 由Every four years

32、 . 可知选D。 37.B 文章中第二段可以看出，北京是在2008年举办的奥运会。 38.C 由In Beijing we built a new Olympic village with 可知选C。 39.D 由Some people laughed, jumped and shouted. 可知选D。 40.C 由“One World, One Dream”is our slogan for the 29th Olympics. 可知选C。,(C) When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdo

33、ng, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect(尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.,I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant

34、. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happene

35、d to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive(敏感) Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”.,I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural diff

36、erences, so they laughed and were no longer angry. In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can lear

37、n from their rich experience.,However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on

38、makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didnt want to hear.,After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not t

39、hat I dont respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I dont show my feelings through words. By Jack,根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。 1. Jack brought the couple their food very fast because _. A. the manager asked him to do so B. he respected the elderly C. the couple wanted him to do so D. h

40、e wanted more pay 2. When Jack called the couple “elderly”, they became _. A. nervous B. satisfied C. unhappy D. excited,3. In Jacks hometown, _. A. people dislike being called “old” B. people are proud of being old C. many people reach the age of seventy or eighty D. the elderly are the first to ge

41、t food in restaurants 4. After this experience, Jack _. A. lost his job in the restaurant B. made friends with the couple C. no longer respected the elderly D. changed his way with older people,5. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got. B. Jack wanted

42、to show his feelings through words after his experience. C. The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple. D. From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture.,(A) English is now the first language of about 400 million people, the mother language of 12 countries and t

43、he official language of thirty-three more countries. That means one in every seven people in the world speaks English. English has become the new Latin(拉丁语) of the century. One must know English is a part of the twenty-first century. In Italy, for example, English is a must for many technical (技术的)

44、jobs. In China, English is the most important foreign language learned at school. Now no other language on the earth is better suited to play the role of the world language. Because English is easier to learn than any other language, and it easily borrows local words and phrases from other countries

45、 to expand(丰富，扩大) its vocabulary.,English is so widely used that it has become the standard language for all kinds of international communication. Now 75% of the worlds mail is in English. 60% of the worlds telephone calls are made in English. 60% of the worlds radio stations are broadcast(广播) in En

46、glish and over half of the worlds books and magazines are written in English. In a word, English is now the worlds first language.,( )26._ countries speak English as their mother language. A.11B.12C.33D.45 ( )27.“English has become the new Latin of the century” means _. A.English has a long history

47、B.English is as important as Latin C.English has borrowed lots of words from Latin D.English is as difficult to learn as Latin,( )28.If you want to ask for a technical job in Italy, you must be able to _. A.speak LatinB.speak FrenchC.speak EnglishD.speak Italian ( )29._ of the worlds magazines are w

48、ritten in English. A.More than 50%B.75%C.60%D.Less than 50% ( )30.The writer thinks English is now _. A.a native language B.the world language C.an official languageD.the Latin language,.（A） 26.B 此处问的是把英语作为母语的国家的数量，由第一段可知B项正确。 27.B 根据第二段的第一句话可推断英语与拉丁语同样重要。本文没有提到A项和D项 内容，因此排除，由第三段文字可排除C项，故选B。 28.C 根据

49、第二段的第三句话判断C项符合题意。 29.A 根据 and over half of the worlds books and magazines are written in English. 一 句可知。 30.B 根据本文最后一句话得知。,(B) One day, I happened to meet an Englishman in the street and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be very surpris

50、ed, gently shaking his head and saying,“You dont say! You dont say!” I was puzzled(困惑的), and I thought, “Perhaps this is not a right thing to talk about.” So I said to him, “Well, shall we talk about the Great Wall? Have you ever been there?” “Certainly. When Im back home, everyone will laugh at me

51、if I leave here without seeing it. The Great Wall is wonderful!”“Yes, it is one of the wonders in the world. And people of many countries have come to visit it.” As I went on telling him more about it, he stopped me again, “You dont say!”,I couldnt help asking,“Why do you ask me not to talk about it

52、?” “Well, I didnt ask you to do so.” he answered, greatly surprised. “Didnt you say You dont say!?” I asked again. Hearing this, the foreigner laughed loudly. He began to explain,“You dont say!means Really? Perhaps you know little about English idioms(习惯用语).” Wow! How foolish I was! Since then I hav

53、e been careful with English idioms.,根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F）。 ( )31.The foreigner didnt want to listen to the writer to talk about how he was studying English. ( )32.The writer was puzzled because the foreigner knew the Great Wall very well. ( )33.The foreigner thought the Great Wall was wonderful. ( )34.P

54、erhaps the story happened in China. ( )35.When the foreigner used the idiom“You dont say!”, he meant“Stop talking!”,（B） 31.F 从全文可知那位英国人并不是不想听作者所说的话，而是作者不理解“You dont say!”的真正含义。 32.F 令作者不解的是英国人所说的话，他认为或许他不应该谈论那个话题。 33.T 从第二段中可直接找到该问题的答案。 34.T 从第二段When Im back home, everyone will laugh at me if I leav

55、e here without seeing it. 一句中推测得出此答案。 35.F 从全文可知“You dont say!”的真正含义为“真的吗？”并不是“不要说了！”,(A) Animals are peoples friends. But many wild animals are facing the danger of dying out, because the environment that they are living in has changed greatly. For example, their living area has become smaller and

56、smaller because of pollution and the development of cities. They have no room to live in except the zoo. And many of the wild animals now cant find enough food to eat. At the same time, man is killing off animals just for getting their fur, teeth and meat. People should realize how serious the situa

57、tion is and something should be done to protect the animals. We should set up some nature reserves so that animals can live freely. And people shouldnt be allowed to kill the endangered (处于危险中的) animals. We should also do something to make our world cleaner. Fresh air, clean water and green grass ar

58、e all important for animals. The death of the endangered animals will bring a disaster (灾难) to human beings.,根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。 ( T )26.The number of the wild animals is smaller now. ( T )27.With the development of the cities, the living area for the animals has become smaller and smaller. ( F )28.M

59、an is killing off animals just for fun. ( F )29.The wild animals are very safe now, because we have found a lot of useful methods (方法) to save them. ( T )30.All of us should try our best to protect the animals.,.（A） 26.T 从But many wild animals are facing the danger of dying out 一句以及文中叙述了人 类捕杀动物等都说明野生动物的数量在锐减。 27.T 随着城市的发展，土地的需求量增大，人们常常会毁林开荒，所以动物的生存空 间在逐渐变小。 28.F 人们杀死动物往往是要获取它们的皮毛、牙齿或肉，