初中语法专题：宾语从句（课件）.ppt

1、,初中语法专题：宾语从句（课件） 制作者：王天武 单位：湖南省永州五中,初中语法专题：宾语从句 【 概 念 】 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句 中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语， 或形容词的宾语。 【考点扫描】 初中主要考查以下几个方面： 1. 宾语从句的引导词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。,知识点一：宾语从句的类型和引导词的选用： 根据宾语从句引导词的选用类型不同， 宾语从句分为三类： 类型一：由that引导的宾语从句。 类型二：由疑问词（如 who ) 引导的宾语从句。 类型三：由whether 或if（“是否”）引导的 宾语从句。,类型之一： 由that引导的宾语

2、从句。 that只起引导作用，没有具体含义， 在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 例如： 1，He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. 2，She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.,类型之二： 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语 从句。这些词都充当成分，有具体含义。 例如： 1）Do you know whom they are waiting for? 2）I cant understand what you

3、said .,类型之三： 由 whether 或 if引导的宾语从句。 含义都是“是否”的意思。 它们只起引导作用，不充当成分。 例如： 1）I want to know if he lives there. 2）He asked me whether I could help him.,补充： 引导词whether 和 if 的用法区别。 在正式文体中，下列情况不用if , 而要用 whether 来表示 “是否”： 后有or not ； 2).后紧跟不定式； 练习题： 1. Do you know _ he has come back or not ? A. if B. weather C

4、. whether D. how 2. They have not decided _ to buy the house. A. if B. weather C. what D. whether.,知识点二. 宾语从句的语序 引导词 + 主谓不倒装结构 （即：从句中的主语在前，谓语动词在后 ）。 例如： 1）Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 2）Please tell me where Tom lives.,语序随堂练习题 1. I want to know _ the day after tomorrow . A. what will he do B

5、. what he will do C. he will do what D. what does he do 2. Could you please tell me _ ? A. where do you live B. how old are you C. what does Tom do D. when Kate came here,语序随堂练习题（参考答案） 1. I want to know _B_ the day after tomorrow . A. what will he do B. what he will do C. he will do what D. what doe

6、s he do 2. Could you please tell me _D_ ? A. where do you live B. how old are you C. what does Tom do D. when Kate came here,知识点三. 宾语从句的时态 时态考点一： 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语 从句根据动词发生的情况确定用什么时态 ( 但不能用过去将来时和过去完成时 )。如： 1.I think (that) Jim is cleaning his room now. 2.I think Tom was here yesterday. 3.I want to kn

7、ow if we will visit the park tomorrow.,时态考点二： 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句 只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过 去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。 例如： 1.He asked what time it was. 2.He told me that he was preparing for the exam. 3.He asked if you had written to Peter. 4.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.,时态考点三： 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，

8、宾语从句的 时态常用一般现在时。如： 1.Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. 2.Mr. Li told me yesterday that the earth turns around the sun.,时态考点四： 以would, could 为句首的疑问句是 一种礼貌的用法，并不是表过去时态, 则宾语从句可以用现在有关时态。 例如： Could you tell me where Tom lives ? 你能告诉我Tom住在哪里吗？,随堂练习： 1, Can you tell me _? A, how

9、 old are you B,how old you are 2, I dont know _. A.where does Jack live B.where Jack lives 3, He said that he _ the park . A,will visit B,would visit,知识点四、“翻译题”解题技巧： 宾语从句 疑问词 + to do结构 （即不定式复合结构） 解题技巧分析： 空格多，往往用宾语从句 ( 注意时态 )； 空格少，用不定式复合结构的可能性大。 你能告诉我怎样解答（work out）这道数学题吗？ 1) Can you tell me _ _ _ _ o

10、ut this maths problem ? 2）Can you tell me _ _ _ out this maths problem ?,随堂练习：翻译填空： 我不知道哪里能买到这种书。 1.I dont know _ _ _ _ this kind of book. 2.I dont know _ _ _ this kind of book.,参考答案 随堂练习： 翻译填空: 我不知道哪里能买到这种书。 1. I dont know where I can buy this kind of book. 2. I dont know where to buy this kind of

11、book.,难点突破： how 和what 的选用 （ 取决于动词是否缺宾语： 缺，用what; 不缺，用how ） 你能告诉我下一步做什么吗？ 1, Could you tell me _ I will do next ? 2, Could you tell me _ I will do it next ? 3, Could you tell me _ to do next ? 4, Could you tell me _ to do it next ? 随堂练习,翻译句子： 我不知道这封信怎么写。 1，I dont know _ to write in the letter. 2，I do

12、nt know _ to write the letter.,巩固练习题一： 选择题 He says that _ . A.he would go to Beijing B.he will go to Beijing 2. I want to know _ yesterday. A. what did she do B.when she came back He told me that he _ the next day. A.will clean his room B.would clean his room 4. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2008. A

13、. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 5. Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where does he play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game,巩固练习题一：选择题 ( 参考答案 )： ( B ) 1. He says that _ . A. he would go to Beijing

14、B. he will go to Beijing ( B ) 2. I want to know _ yesterday. A. what did she do B. when she came back ( B ) 3. He told me that he _ the next day. A. will clean his room B. would clean his room ( D ). 4 Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2008. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she li

15、ve D. where she lived （ D ） 5. Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where does he play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game,巩固练习题二：翻译句子 (一)，他们还没决定在哪里建(build)新医院。 1，They havent decided _ _ _ _ the new hospital. 2，They havent decided _ _ _ the new hospital. （二），他们不知道下一步做什么. 3，They dont know _ _ _ it next . 4，They dont know _ _ _ _ it next. 5， They dont know _ _ _ next.,巩固练习题二：翻译句子 ( 参考答案 ) （一），他们还没决定在哪里建(build)新医院。 1.They havent decided where they will build the new hospital. 2.They havent decided where