计算机专业英语 第5章.ppt

1、Professional English in Computer Field,Chapter Five Programming Languages,内容,正文 History of Programming Languages Object-oriented Programming 阅读材料 Introduction to The C# Language and The .NET Framework Introduction to Python,1 History of Programming Languages,Key Words,punch card n.穿孔卡片 appearance n.

2、外观 decimal adj.十进位的 formulaic adj.公式的 Turing machine图灵机 magnetic drum 磁鼓 assembly language 汇编语言 error-prone 易于出错的 Backus-Naur Form (BNF)BNF范式 context-free上下文无关 lexical adj.词汇的;语词的,Key Words,polymorphic adj.多形态的 tedious adj.冗长乏味的 defense contractors 国防承包商 postulate v.假设 compilation n.编译 garbage colle

3、ction垃圾回收 static typing静态验证 extended static checking 延伸静态检查 modularity n.模块 mixin n.混合类型 delegate n.委托 punctuationn.标点符号,Notes,Its principal use is in rigorous analyses of algorithmic complexity. The introduction of lexical scoping for names in arbitrarily nested scopes. However, one important new t

4、rend in language design was an increased focus on programming for large-scale systems through the use of modules, or large-scale organizational units of code.,它主要应用在对算法复杂性的精密分析中。,在任意嵌套中引入了变量名的语义（作用）范围。,然而，语言设计的一个重要的新趋势是应用模块或大型企业 级代码单元来开发大型系统已经成为关注的焦点。,Notes,The limited speed and memory capacity forc

5、ed programmers to write hand tuned assembly language programs. The design of Java was a more conservative version of ideas explored many years earlier in the Smalltalk community, but the widespread adoption of languages that supported features like garbage collection and strong static typing was a m

6、ajor change in programming practice.,有限的速度和内存容量迫使程序员手工编写优化了的汇编程序。,Java的设计比Smalltalk社区在很多年前就已经探索过的想法 更保守，但是，对于支持垃圾回收和强静态类型等特性的编程 语言的广泛采用是一个在实际编程中的主要变化。,2 Object-oriented Programming,Key Words,object-orientedadj. 面向对象的 paradigmn. 范例 inheritancen. 继承 modularityn. 模块性 polymorphismn. 多态性 encapsulationn.

7、封装 nascentadj. 初期的 virtuen. 优点 attributen. 属性 propertyn. 属性 behaviorn. 行为,Key Words,featuren. 特征 jargonn. 行话 traitn. 特性 combinatorialadj. 组合的 extrapolationn. 推断 notionn. 概念 cementv. 加强 toolkitn. 工具包，软件包 event-driven programming 事件驱动编程思想 virtual machine虚拟机,Notes,Object-oriented programmings roots rea

8、ch all the way back to the creation of the Simula programming language in the 1960s, when the nascent field of software engineering had begun to discuss the idea of a software crisis. Object-oriented programming may be seen as a collection of cooperating objects, as opposed to a traditional view in

9、which a program may be seen as a collection of functions, or simply as a list of instructions to the computer.,面向对象编程的根源可以追溯到60年代出现的Simula编程语言 ，当时新生的软件工程界已经开始讨论软件危机了。,面向对象的程序也许可以被看成一个由相互合作的对象组成的 集合，而传统的看法则把程序看成由许多函数组成的集合，或 是简单的计算机指令集合。,Notes,A class should typically be recognizable to a non-programm

10、er familiar with the problem domain, meaning that the characteristics of the class should make sense in context.,一个类通常对于熟悉问题域的非程序员应当是可识别的， 也就是说，类的特性在上下文中应该有意义的。,Reading Material 1Introduction to The C# Language and The .NET Framework,Exercises,The _ was an abstraction of the operation of a tape-mark

11、ing machine, for example, in use at the telephone companies. In 1948, Konrad Zuse published a paper about his programming language _ _, an early systems programming language, was developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson at Bell Labs between 1969 and 1973. The 1960s and 1970s also saw considerabl

12、e debate over the merits of _, which essentially meant programming without the use of _. In the 1980s, one important trend in language design was an increased focus on programming for large-scale systems through the use of _, or _ of code. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm

13、that uses _ to design applications and computer programs. _ is behavior that varies depending on the class in which the behavior is invoked, that is, two or more classes can react differently to the same message. A _ defines the abstract characteristics of a thing, including the things characteristi

14、cs (its attributes or properties) and the things it can do (its behaviors or methods or features).,questions,Please list at least 5 kinds of programming languages in the 1950s and 1960s. Briefly describe four kinds of major language paradigms now in use in this period between 1967 and 1978. Briefly describe the great changes of programming languages in the 1980s. How does the rapid growth of the Internet in the mid-1990s influence