（广西课标版）2020版高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 专题三 议论文课件.pptx

1、专题三议论文,-2-,.词汇复习20(根据汉语提示填入以p开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以p开头的课标高频词汇。) 【情景】 1.Personally(就个人方面) speaking,it makes no sense to try to 2.persuade(说服) him not to give up the chance.He has prejudice on his ability.What you should do right now is to develop all his potential abilities.Put what you said into prac

2、tical performances with 3.patience(耐心).In this way you can 4.prove(证明) that his previous opinion was just ridiculous.,译文:在我个人看来,尽力说服他不要放弃这次机会是没有意义的。他对自己的能力有偏见。你现在要做的就是发挥他所有的潜能。耐心地把你所说的付诸行动。用这种方法,你可以证明他先前的观点只不过是无稽之谈。,-3-,.高考范文必背 (2017全国卷)假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入,内容包括: 1.球队活动; 2.

3、报名方式及截止日期。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。,-4-,范文 Dear Eric, I am writing to tell you a piece of good news.The table tennis team I am in is recruiting new members.Having known you are interested in playing ping-pong,I give you a brief introduction about our team. First and foremost,there will be a

4、great many activities.To begin with,the coach will arrange for a partner,with whom you will practice the basic skills.With your skills improving,its time that you had competitions with your teammates,which excites you most.I firmly believe you will benefit a lot from it.To sign up for it,you have to

5、 visit our school website and fill in an application.Last but not least,please do remember the deadline is July 30. Id like to show you my warm welcome in advance. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua,-5-,一、文体特点 议论文是一种通过剖析事物来论述事理、提出主张并发表见解的文体。它的篇幅一般较长,容量较大,思维的跳跃性比较强。通过分析某一事例,阐述一个论点,告诉读

6、者一个道理或给读者某种思想的启迪。议论文主要有以下特点: 1.首句制胜,论点明确。 议论文绝大多数都把文章的主旨句放在第一段。作者一般在主旨句中提出论点,然后在后面各段的首句提出分论点。,-6-,2.结构清晰,脉络有序。 议论文的三要素:论点、论据和论证。它们一般有序地安排在“引子正文结论”这一结构中。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚、逻辑合理,会使用一些逻辑词汇,如:on the contrary,all in all,in short,generally,on the one hand.on the other hand,in conclusion,as a consequence,hence,

7、also,personally,furthermore,definitely,surely,undoubtedly,obviously,additionally,besides,likewise,for the sake of,firstly 等。 3.按一定的方法论证。 议论文都是按一定的论证方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有:归纳法(分析个别事物,找到共同点,得出结论);推理法(从原理出发,分析说明,得出结论);对照法(正反对照,分析说明,得出结论);驳论法(列出错误观点,逐条批驳,阐明正确观点)。,-7-,二、解题方法 议论文形式的完形填空不像记叙文形式那么有情景。因此,我们对整个文章的把握

8、相对来说也难得多。解答这类题可以依照以下方法: 1.从首尾句入手,抓住中心。 议论文的写作思路一般为:提出问题分析问题解决问题。因此,文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句,而文章的结尾句常为文章的结论。由此可见,我们必须充分利用文章的首尾句,推测出文章的中心,从而理解全文。,-8-,例As a general rule,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规) basis.As a matter of fact,we can see this (principle) at wor

9、k in people of all (ages). . Before people retire,they usually (plan) to do a lot of (great) things,which they never had (time) to do while working.But (soon) after retirement,the golfing,the fishing,the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they (left).And,like the chil

10、d in January,they go searching for new (toys).,-9-,分析:文章第一段提出了本文要探讨的问题:作为一般规则,当各种形式的活动在日常生活中按照常规被执行时,它们都会变得无聊。其实,我们可以在不同年龄的人身上看到这个法则。最后一段中作者阐述了在退休前人们经常计划着做很多的事。这些事在工作期间都没有时间去做,但是退休后不久,打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣方式都变得无聊了。这些想做的事就像他们离开的工作一样变得索然无味。就像一月份的孩子一样,他们又去寻找新的玩具了。 作者在组织文章时,先是提出论点,然后通过分析,在文章的最后通过结论又印证了论点。,

11、-10-,2.紧扣信息词,把握作者观点。 考生要弄清文章的行文逻辑,如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系、让步关系、指代关系等。有时文章的第一、二段并不是作者的观点,而是对某个事物的介绍或描述,然后用信息词,如but,however,yet等将自己的观点引出,因此,阅读时一定要特别留意这些信息词。 例For example,on Christmas morning,children are excited about (playing) with their new toys.But their (interest) soon wears off and by January those

12、(same) toys can be found put away in the basement. 分析:作者通过举例说明了孩子们刚开始玩玩具时是非常兴奋的,然后通过转折信息词“But”引出作者对他们的进一步认知,从而明确了问题的存在。,-11-,3.从语境入手,确定逻辑关系。 句与句之间总要反映出因果、假设、条件、类推等逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系常常通过on the one hand.on the other hand,as a result, as a consequence,on the contrary,above all,first of all,secondly,finally, i

13、n case等词汇表达出来。但有时作者并不使用这些词汇,而是将逻辑关系暗含于文章中,这就需要考生根据语境来确定逻辑关系。,-12-,例(2015浙江卷) . People often speak of trying a more satisfying path,and 32(yet) in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they 33(believe in) or finding a position that would give them more time with their families

14、almost always leads them to the same conclusion:its 34.They have loans,bills,a mortgage(抵押贷款) to 35(pay off),retirement to save for.They recognize theres something 36(missing) in their lives,but its 37(hard) to step off the track. A.fundamentalB.practical C.impossibleD.unforgettable,-13-,分析:认真分析34空格

15、前的信息可知,人们经常说尝试一种更令人满意的道路,可是最终,人们只是说说而已,没有人真的舍弃一切,改变固有的生活模式。有些人想过放弃自己的工作去为他们信仰的某些事情而工作,或者找到一个让他们有更多时间陪伴家人的职位。上述的内容只是停留在很多人的想象中。最终,他们得出相同的结论却是:这是不可能的事情。34题的结论来自对前文信息的深刻理解,逻辑关系比较强。,-14-,4.理清文章的论点、论据和结论。 一般说来,能说明论点的答案可以在论据里得到印证,且作为论点的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点与论据相辅相成,从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论点与论据相悖,最后的结论与论

16、点自相矛盾,那就说明我们对文章的把握缺乏条理性和系统性,我们就须重新来理顺文章的各部分,直到条理清楚为止,然后再根据自己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。,-15-,例In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The (problem) is that countries around the world have growing mountains of (rubbish) because people are throwing out more rubbish tha

17、n ever before. . Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions (instead of) throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about (spending).Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our

18、 environment.,-16-,分析:从文章的第一段第一句话可知我们会在用坏一件东西并将其扔掉后再买新的东西,从而构成了堆积如山的垃圾。从最后一段最后一句话“Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.”可知我们要善待环境,少扔垃圾。文章的论点和论据相辅相成,脉络清晰。,-17-,A,B,(2018重庆质量调研抽测) I log onto a co

19、mputer at the doctors office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There, a robotic nurse 1 me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure.Some time later, in steps the 2, who is also a robot.He notes down my 3 and gives me a prescription (处方).I pa

20、y for my 4 using a credit card and return home without having met another human being.This is my nightmarish (噩梦般的) vision of the 5, which hasnt happened 6 yet. I should say I really do like many aspects of 7.I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in 8.But I am writing this because

21、 I dont want machines to 9.,-18-,A,B,When I call my dentists office and actually get a human being on the line, I am 10.And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like 11, “When it comes to cashiers, make mine a(n) 12, please!” After all,

22、human cashiers sometimes 13 you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are 14.Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can 15 young mothers day.A cashier may also show compassion for an elderly person 16 to get that last penny out of his purse.

23、Machines can be 17 and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine.18 they lack an element so important to everyday life.,-19-,A,B,Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart.It is 19 no machine will ever have.It is human being that 20 us to smile at others, which may be what they need at

24、 that moment.,-20-,A,B,1.A.tearsB.directsC.followsD.separates 2.A.teacherB.lawyerC.doctorD.engineer 3.A.signalsB.symbolsC.sculpturesD.symptoms 4.A.billB.visitC.medicineD.examination 5.A.pastB.presentC.futureD.history 6.A.at mostB.at lastC.at leastD.at intervals 7.A.commerceB.agriculture C.literature

25、D.technology 8.A.sleepB.autumnC.springD.winter 9.A.take overB.pass byC.cut inD.go away 10.A.annoyedB.thrilled C.discouragedD.disappointed 11.A.cryingB.laughingC.shoutingD.whispering,-21-,A,B,12.A.machineB.humanC.animalD.plant 13.A.giveB.remindC.bargainD.purchase 14.A.ruiningB.producing C.advertising

26、D.buying 15.A.brightenB.darken C.strengthenD.widen 16.A.turningB.happeningC.describingD.struggling 17.A.urgentB.efficientC.frequentD.consistent 18.A.ButB.BecauseC.OtherwiseD.Therefore 19.A.everythingB.something C.anythingD.nothing 20.A.encouragesB.persuades C.punishesD.forces,-22-,A,B,【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文

27、。随着科技的发展,机器越来越多地被应用于人类的日常生活中,作者认为机器固然能给人类的生活带来便利,但感觉机器缺少人性,缺少人与人之间的温情。 1.B解析:根据上文中的“I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room”可知,作者进入检查室;结合常识,这里指机器人护士领着(directs)作者到秤上测体重,然后去量血压。tear“撕破”;follow“跟着,跟随”;separate“(使)分开”。 2.C解析:根据下文中的“He notes down my 3 and gives me a

28、prescription.”和常识可知,开处方的是医生(doctor)。 3.D解析:根据常识可知,医生的处方是根据病人的症状(symptoms)开的。signal“信号”;symbol“象征”;sculpture“雕塑”。,-23-,A,B,4.B解析:作者使用信用卡支付看病的费用,这里用visit表示“就诊”,指找医生看病,费用包括检查费等,符合文意。bill“账单”;medicine“药物”;examination“检查”。 5.C解析:根据后面的which hasnt happened可知,这里指未来(future)。 6.C解析:根据语境,这里表示至少现在还没有发生,at least

29、表示“至少”。at most“至多”;at last“终于;最终”;at intervals“不时”。 7.D解析:根据上下文可知,机器人的运用是技术(technology)方面的事情。commerce“商业”;agriculture“农业”;literature“文学”。 8.D解析:用加热器应该是在冬天,故应该选winter;与前面的summer对应。,-24-,A,B,9.A解析:根据下文可知,作者不希望在未来机器取代(take over)人类。pass by “经过”;cut in“插嘴,打断”;go away“走开”。 10.B解析:结合“When I call my dentist

30、s office and actually get a human being on the line”和上文提到的作者不希望在未来机器人取代人类可知,当作者给牙医办公室打电话,接电话的是人时,作者应是非常兴奋的(thrilled)。annoyed“生气的”;discouraged“泄气的”;disappointed“失望的”。 11.C解析:根据上文作者不希望在未来机器取代人类和该段中的“when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store”可知,作者对这种情况是

31、不满意的、不高兴的,故作者很想大叫(shouting),并且和前一句中表达的心情形成鲜明的对比。whisper“低声地说”。,-25-,A,B,12.B解析:结合上下文可知,作者希望是一个人(human)为自己服务,另外下文中的human cashiers也是提示。 13.A解析:毕竟,人类收银员有时会给你所要购买物品的商店优惠券。give意为“给”,后面常加双宾语,符合语境和语法。remind“提醒”;bargain“讨价还价”;purchase“购买”。 14.D解析:参见上题解析。ruin“毁坏”;produce“生产”;advertise“为做广告”;buy“买,购买”。 15.A解析

32、:根据上文中的“real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children”可知,收银员往往对特别可爱的小孩感兴趣,这也许能让小孩的母亲开心一天。brighten意为“使更开心”,符合语境。darken“使变暗”;strengthen“加强”;widen“(使)变宽”。,-26-,A,B,16.D解析:根据本句中的show compassion for可知,收银员可能会同情老年人,因为老年人在把钱包里最后一个一分钱硬币掏出来时很费力,说明老年人的生活不容易,struggle意为“挣扎,尽力”符合语境。turn“

33、转向”;happen“发生”;describe“描述”。 17.B解析:根据下文中的“they often get the job done just fine”可知,这里讲的是机器的好处,它们有效率(efficient)并且划算。urgent“紧急的”;frequent“频繁的”;consistent“一贯的”。 18.A解析:空格后表示它们缺少一种对日常生活很重要的元素,与空前提到的机器的好处是转折关系,故用连词but,表示转折。 19.B解析:前一句提到的“the spirit,the soul or the heart”不是机器所拥有的东西(something)。 20.A解析:正是人

34、性鼓励(encourages)我们对别人笑。persuade“说服”;punish“惩罚”;force“强迫”。,-27-,A,B,Learning is a continuous process of life.We all learn from 1things in life.One of the things that 2 me recently is what I learned from turtles(海龟).,-28-,A,B,Turtles could teach a vast number of people a lot about reaching goals.3,have

35、 you ever watched a turtle making its way to a stream?The turtle 4 where it is going;in other words,it has set a goal.Many people 5 go through life with no specific goal in mind.They seem to weave back and forth because their life direction seems to 6 in relation to whatever influences them at that

36、time. Turtles,on the other hand,have a goal in mind easily 7 if you take time to watch them.The turtle has only one 8.No matter how long it 9 them,they will do everything they can to reach their goal.,-29-,A,B,10,the turtle may be slow.11 the turtle keeps going.Each step they take,no matter how smal

37、l,they keep taking it 12 to their destination.The turtle never 13 a step or breaks into a run.The reason is that turtles have a better sense of the 14 of taking small steps over and over again to reach the final victory. The 15 thing about turtles is that they have a hard shell.The significance of t

38、his shell is to help them 16 themselves from anything that may attack them.And,as the turtles taught me,we also need to develop a hard shell against those that would want us to 17.,-30-,A,B,Finally,the turtle told me that the greatest characteristic to possess in reaching a goal is 18.No matter what

39、 the obstacle(障碍)is,there is a(n)19 around it.No matter how many times one is 20 by negativity,there is strength in conviction(坚定的信念).,-31-,A,B,1.A.unusualB.important C.practicalD.different 2.A.impressedB.worried C.disturbedD.aroused 3.A.As a resultB.In other words C.For exampleD.Above all 4.A.wonde

40、rsB.knowsC.forgetsD.guesses 5.A.unfortunatelyB.regularly C.seriouslyD.peacefully 6.A.delayB.stretchC.followD.change 7.A.examinedB.explained C.observedD.monitored 8.A.ideaB.goalC.wishD.guide,-32-,A,B,9.A.takesB.affectsC.wastesD.annoys 10.A.AnywayB.OtherwiseC.ThusD.Sure 11.A.AndB.SoC.ButD.Or 12.A.high

41、erB.closerC.fartherD.straighter 13.A.rejectsB.movesC.skipsD.seeks 14.A.necessityB.possibilityC.creativityD.difficulty 15.A.restB.lastC.extraD.other 16.A.removeB.protectC.preventD.separate 17.A.competeB.continueC.fallD.judge 18.A.honestyB.perseverance C.braveryD.generosity 19.A.edgeB.holeC.pathD.entr

42、ance 20.A.praisedB.blamedC.inspiredD.stopped,-33-,A,B,【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者以海龟为例,论述了要达到目标需要具备的品质。 1.D解析:考查形容词辨析。学习是一个持续不断的过程。“我”们可以从生活中的不同事物中学到东西。根据后面的“One of the things”可知应该是不同的事物,所以答案为D项。 2.A解析:考查动词辨析。句意:最近给我留下深刻印象的一件事就是从海龟身上学到的。A项 “使印象深刻”;B项 “使担心”;C项 “干扰,扰乱”;D项 “唤起,激起”。答案为A项。 3.C解析:考查介词短语辨析。此处用海龟举例来强调应该向海龟学习如何达成目标。A项 “结果”;B项 “换句话说”;C项 “例如”;D项 “首先,重要的是”。答案为C项。 4.B解析:考查动词辨析。由后面的 “in other words,it has set a goal” 可知,海龟