unit 4 Cloning and Ethics Passage A综合.ppt

1、Cloning and Ethics,Unit Four,Contents,Before Reading,Global Reading,Detailed Reading,After Reading,4,1,2,3,Passage A Not Now, Dr. Miracle,Before Reading,Talk in small groups,Background information,Lead-in Listening,Talk in small groups,What images does human cloning conjure up to you? How much do yo

2、u know about it? Do you want a clone of yourself? Explain. Do you think we should promote cloning? Explain. (Note: Ss can take notes about the interesting points in their talk.), Image information in product Image : Note to customers : This image has been licensed to be used within this PowerPoint t

3、emplate only. You may not extract the image for any other use.,Background information,Clone （克隆） IVF treatment （试管受精治疗） Vatican （梵蒂冈，罗马教廷） Dolly （绵羊多利） Severino Antinori Information about clone around the world Public opinions on Human cloning,Background information,Cloning is the process of creatin

4、g an identical copy of something. In biology, it collectively refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms. The term also encompasses situations, whereby organisms reproduce asexually. The term clone is derived from , the Greek wo

5、rd for twig, referring to the process, whereby a new plant can be created from a twig. Reference: /wiki/Cloning,IVF Treatment (In Vitro Fertilization试管受精),In vitro literally means in glass. The dictionary explains it as a process made to occur outside the biological body, in an

6、 artificial environment. Thus, in vitro fertilization simply means the fertilization process that occurs under lab conditions and not inside the mothers womb(子宫）. Under natural conditions, for pregnancy to take place, the sperm（精子） from the male body unites with the egg inside the fallopian tube（输卵管

7、） of the female body. However, a number of factors can contribute to this process not occurring naturally.,Vatican,An independent papal（教皇制度的） state on the Tiber River within Rome, Italy. Created by the Lateran Treaty signed by Pope（罗马教皇） Pius XI and Victor Emmanuel III of Italy in 1929, it issues i

8、ts own currency and postage stamps and has its own newspaper and broadcasting facilities. The government is run by a lay governor and council, all responsible to the pope. Population: 932.,Tourism attractions in Vatican,Vatican Museums,Tourism attractions in Vatican,Papal Audience,Tourism attraction

9、s in Vatican,Sistine Chapel,Tourism attractions in Vatican,Vatican Garden,Dolly,Dolly the Sheep, Cloning Subject Born: 5 July 1996 Birthplace: Edinburgh, Scotland Died: 14 February 2003 Best Known As: The first cloned mammal,Dolly was historys first cloned mammal. In February of 1997 it was announce

10、d that the biotechnology firm PPL Therapeutics and the Roslin Institute of Edinburgh, Scotland had successfully cloned a sheep, under the direction of Dr. Ian Wilmut. Cells from the udder（牛、羊的乳房） of a pregnant six year-old sheep were inserted into the uterus（子宫） of another sheep to develop, and Doll

11、y was born in July of 1996. (Her name was a sly nod to singer Dolly Parton.) Dolly had the DNA of her source, making her the first mammal successfully cloned using adult cells. Dolly was put to sleep in 2003 after doctors detected progressive lung disease, though she had only reached half the life s

12、pan of a typical sheep.,SEVERINO ANTINORI,Severino Antinori (born 1945) is an Italian gynecologist and embryologist. He has publicly taken controversial positions over in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and human cloning. He began his career interested in veterinary biology. He set up his own clinic in Ro

13、me in 1982. In 1986 he pioneered the use of the ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) process in Italy. From 1989 he extended IVF to women who had passed the menopause. In 1994 he assisted Rosana Della Cortes, aged 63, in becoming pregnant, she became one of the oldest women in history to give bir

14、th.,Information about clone around the world In 1996 scientists used a procedure called somatic cell nuclear transfer （体细胞核移植）to produce the sheep Dolly from cloned cells. Dollys birth represented an advance over previous cloning experiments because it proved that animals could be cloned from the ce

15、lls of an adult animal. Like other efforts in cloning, however, this work demanded perseveranceit took 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer to create Dolly.,Public opinions on Human cloning Antinori claims that human cloning is the great human experiment of our age and simply a continuation of

16、 the battle to combat infertility (不孕症). Many fellow scientists dont agree, however, and condemn his work. One of these is Lan Wilmut, creator of Dolly the sheep. He calls human reproductive （繁殖） cloning “ dangerous and irresponsible”. Religious organizations are also concerned and the Vatican has d

17、escribed Antinoris work as “ grotesque”(荒唐的) and “ evil”.,France and Germany have proposed a two-step approach that would first ban reproductive cloning （生殖性克隆-而对于生殖性克隆，即通常所说的克隆人，由于它在总体上违背了生命伦理原则，所以，科学家的主流意见是坚决反对的-）-producing a cloned babyand then debate whether to ban therapeutic cloning（治疗性克隆-利用胚胎

18、干细胞克隆人体器官，供医学研究、解决器官移植供体不足问题，这是国际科学界和伦理学界都支持的）. This form of cloning involves creating early embryos for use in medical research and treatment. But the US wants a one-step blanket ban on all forms of cloning and claims to lead a group of about 30 mainly Catholic countries sharing that view.,Lead-in

19、Listening,Listen to the following passage about cloning and try to fill the missing words in the blanks. You will hear the passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its original idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are requir

20、ed to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.,The news that a sheep in Scotland has been successfully cloned 1) _. What good would it be to clone humans? What would I do with a clone of

21、 myself? Then 2) _ that I could have my clone go into work for me while I went out hiking, biking, skiing, etc.! I really could be in two places at once. But wait a minute. If thats what I would do with my clone, how do I know that Im not a clone myself? What if the 3) _ had himself cloned and sent

22、the clone (that is, me) in to do his work for him? This explains a lot: all those mysterious checks I find in my 4) _ every month (with my signature) but dont remember writing,First time, why my wife doesnt seem to notice when Ive been out of town, all those traffic tickets I have to pay but swear I

23、 never received in the first place, why my friends say things like, “I thought I saw you out skiing last week,” when I know I was at work, why I keep getting fines for 5) _ at the library, when I only check out CDs, the 6) _ to my credit card ( the one with my picture on it ) from London, Paris, New

24、 York . I can only hope the original me never gets sentenced to prison.,2nd time,The news that a sheep in Scotland has been successfully cloned 1) _. What good would it be to clone humans? What would I do with a clone of myself? Then 2) _ that I could have my clone go into work for me while I went o

25、ut hiking, biking, skiing, etc.! I really could be in two places at once. But wait a minute. If thats what I would do with my clone, how do I know that Im not a clone myself? What if the 3) _ had himself cloned and sent the clone (that is, me) in to do his work for him? This explains a lot: all thos

26、e mysterious checks I find in my 4) _ every month (with my signature) but dont remember writing,Third time, why my wife doesnt seem to notice when Ive been out of town, all those traffic tickets I have to pay but swear I never received in the first place, why my friends say things like, “I thought I

27、 saw you out skiing last week,” when I know I was at work, why I keep getting fines for 5) _ at the library, when I only check out CDs, the 6) _ to my credit card ( the one with my picture on it ) from London, Paris, New York . I can only hope the original me never gets sentenced to prison.,Check up

28、,The news that a sheep in Scotland has been successfully cloned 1) _. What good would it be to clone humans? What would I do with a clone of myself? Then 2) _ that I could have my clone go into work for me while I went out hiking, biking, skiing, etc.! I really could be in two places at once. But wa

29、it a minute. If thats what I would do with my clone, how do I know that Im not a clone myself? What if the 3) _ had himself cloned and sent the clone (that is, me) in to do his work for him? This explains a lot: all those mysterious checks I find in my 4) _ every month (with my signature) but dont r

30、emember writing,got me wondering,it hit me,original me,bank statement, why my wife doesnt seem to notice when Ive been out of town, all those traffic tickets I have to pay but swear I never received in the first place, why my friends say things like, “I thought I saw you out skiing last week,” when

31、I know I was at work, why I keep getting fines for 5) _ at the library, when I only check out CDs, the 6) _ to my credit card (the one with my picture on it) from London, Paris, New York . I can only hope the original me never gets sentenced to prison.,overdue books,unexplained charges,Global Readin

32、g,Global Reading Activity 1,Heading Matching Direction: Passage A has 11 paragraphs. Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Paragraph 1 has been done for you as an example.,List of Headings,A. Using reproductive cloning to combat infertility. B. The Rael

33、ians supports reproductive cloning. C. Antinori believes that reproductive cloning will be accepted eventually. D. Topic raising: Dr. Miracle is offering to clone his patients. E. Antinori, the Italian doctor. F. Antinori is no ordinary scientist.,G. Success can only be achieved at an unacceptably h

34、igh price. H. Regulate it or prohibit it? I. Divided views expressed on Dr. Miracles offer. J. Dr. Miracle is taking a grave risk by starting reproductive cloning too early. K. The science is not ready for human cloning. L. Cloned babies will never be accepted. M. Antinori and his team have made con

35、siderable progress in reproductive cloning.,Example Par. 1 E. Antinori, the Italian doctor. NB: There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them.,Keys to Heading Matching,E. Antinori, the Italian doctor.,Para. 1,Keys to Heading Matching,D. Topic raising: Dr. Miracle is offerin

36、g to clone his patients.,Para. 2,Keys to Heading Matching,I. Divided views expressed on this offer.,Para. 3,Keys to Heading Matching,F. Antinori is no ordinary scientist.,Para. 4,Keys to Heading Matching,A. Using reproductive cloning to combat infertility.,Para. 5,Keys to Heading Matching,K. The sci

37、ence is not ready for human cloning.,Para. 6,Keys to Heading Matching,G. Success can only be achieved at an unacceptably high price.,Para. 7,Keys to Heading Matching,B. The Raelians, a religious group supports reproductive cloning.,Para. 8,Keys to Heading Matching,H. Regulate it or prohibit it?,Para

38、. 9,Keys to Heading Matching,C. Antinori believes that reproductive cloning will be accepted eventually.,Para. 10,Keys to Heading Matching,J. Dr. Miracle is taking a grave risk by starting reproductive cloning too early.,Para. 11,Global Reading Activity 2,Read the heading of each paragraph again and

39、 think about the structure of this passage. How many parts can we divide this passage into?,Part Division,1-4,5-8,9-11,3 parts,Part I,Part II,Part III,Part I (1-4),1. Who is Dr. Miracle? Dr. Miracle is a rich Italian doctor called Severino Antinori. 2. What did he do in the past? Seven years ago, he

40、 helped grandmothers giving birth using donor eggs; Later he used mice to nurture the sperm of men with poor fertility. In short, he has pushed reproductive biology to the limits and has already offered every IVF treatment under the Sun.,3. What is he offering to do now? He is offering to clone his

41、patients to create the babies they want. 4. How do people respond to his offering? It created quite a stir. Like-minded scientists from the US have joined him in his adventure; Other scientists rounded on him; Religious leaders line up to attack his plan.,Dr. Antinori is a controversial doctor who p

42、ushes reproductive biology to the limits.,Function and Summary,Part II (5-8),1. Why is the idea of using cloning to combat infertility not as mad as it sounds? Because for some couples, its the only hope for having their own child. if we want to be immortal, thats the key to achieving immortality.,2

43、. When will we change our mind and allow reproductive cloning in special circumstances? Only when the science is ready. 3. Is the science ready? No, not ready yet.,4. What is the current situation of reproductive cloning technology? Five years on from Dolly, the science of cloning is still stuck in

44、the dark ages. The failure rate is a shocking 97% and deformed babies frequently occur. Even when cloning works, nobody understands why.,5. Can Antinori succeed in combating infertility with cloning? If he succeeds, it is more likely that he will make it at an unacceptably high price, with hundreds

45、of eggs and embryos wasted and lots of women going through difficult pregnancies.,The thinking on Dr. Antinoris idea of using cloning to combat infertility.,Function and Summary,Part III (9-11),1. What should we do ? Should we prohibit human cloning or should we regulate it? Prohibition is more like

46、ly to drive it underground and secrecy is a serious problem. Sooner or later, we have to decide which is safer, prohibition or regulation.,2. Is Dr. Miracles offering a deliberate decision? No. He is taking a hell of risk, although he believes that once the cloned baby is born the world will embrace

47、 it and people will accept reproductive cloning as another IVF technique. If he doesnt succeed, or if he makes it at a great price, cloning could be rejected by people completely. And the current situation is that the science of cloning is not ready.,Its too early to start fertility research through

48、 cloning.,Function and Summary,Global Reading Activity 3,Group Discussion Discuss the following questions and try to reach an agreement about each one. Choose a representative to voice your opinion.,1. Why is Antinori called Dr. Miracle? What are his main achievements? By using the most advanced rep

49、roductive biological techniques to treat his patients, he has worked a lot of miracles such as helping a 63-year-old lady give birth using donor eggs and pioneering the use of mice to nurture infertile sperm. Now working on cloning, he is challenging the biological limits and striving for another mi

50、racle.,2. How do you understand the authors statement that “Dr. Miracle and his colleagues are taking one hell of a risk”? This sentence actually means that with social and technical problems unsettled, the odds are against Antinori and his colleagues. If they fail, people may lose their confidence

51、in cloning, and even in science as a whole, which will be rather catastrophic.,3. With so many problems unsolved, should the technology of human cloning be prohibited by the government according to the passage? Why? No. The writer thinks prohibiting cloning humans will just drive it underground inst

52、ead of putting an end to it. This is even more dangerous. Thus he believes that regulating productive cloning is possibly a better choice.,4. What does the writer think of the offering of Dr. Miracle and his colleagues? He believes that they are jumping the gun and taking a grave risk. The science i

53、s ready for it.,5. Whats the authors attitude toward productive cloning? He believes that it should be allowed in some special cases as a fertility treatment but the science is not ready of it and the research should be regulated.,Global Reading Activity 4,Summary Completion Complete the summary of

54、this passage on Page 80.,Detailed Reading,Terms for Reproductive Biology,Words have no result All my hard work went for nothing. go in for to take part in; enter Several people went in for the competition.,Detailed Reading,Its only a matter of time before(Line 44) Its only a matter of time before th

55、ey obtain drivers licenses. In jumping the gun, Dr Miracle and his colleagues are taking one hell of a risk(line 48-49) jump the gun: to take action too soon or before the proper time I know hes a suspect, but isnt it jumping the gun a bit to arrest him immediately? They jumped the gun by rushing ou

56、t of the classroom before permission had been given.,After Reading,Blank-filling,Useful expressions,Sentence translation,Research Project,4,1,2,3,Blank Filling,Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or expressions from the passage: The Italian doctor Antinori has announced plans to offer(1)_ faci

57、lities in his private (2)_ clinics. He is already famous for previous (3)_ such as helping(4)_ to have babies. Yet this time he is not alone in promoting the idea of (5)_. US scientists are working with him on this project, and a (6)_ group the Ralians have also announced their(7)_ to offer the serv

58、ice. With so many couples (8)_ for a child yet unable to conceive through traditional IVF treatment, there is no shortage of (9)_. It would probably not work trying to keep the cloners (10)_,Blank-filling,thus some form of (11)_ is almost inevitable. At the moment, the science of cloning is still(12)_ in the dark ages. Cloning techniques are far from (13)_. Most attempts to clone animals end up in (14)_.,Blank-filling,The Italian doc