时态和语态.ppt

1、,时态和语态,时态和语态,一、8种基本时态和语态 二、次要时态（将来进行时，将来完成时， 现在完成进行时，过去将来完成时） 三、8种基本时态的被动语态的构成 四、主动表被动意义,1 现在进行时 (am/is/are doing),常与现在进行时搭配的时间状语：now, at this moment, at this time等。,1 此刻正在进行的动作 Are the students dancing now? 2. 一段时间内进行的动作(说话时并不一定在发生的动作） Those Americans are learning German this year. 3 表说话人的情绪（句子中有频率

2、副词） She is constantly /forever changing her mind. 一时动作而非一贯动作 She is being naughty today. 5 事物逐渐发展过程 Its getting colder and colder. The leaves on the trees are turning brown.,2 一般现在时 (do/does),常与一般现在时搭配的时间adv.和时间状语：always (at all times), often (usually, regularly, frequently, more often than not), so

3、metimes (once in a while, now and then, at times, occasionally), seldom, rarely, hardly, never 等。,1.表示经常发生的动作以及存在的状态、真理等。 The students have sports at five every afternoon. China lies in Asia. The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east. 2. 在here, there 句子中，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。 There goes

4、the bell. / Here comes the teacher. 3. 图片说明，电影说明，解说戏剧内容及场景。 Scene 1(Mary is in the professors room-a large, cozy room. There is a big desk.),一般现在时代替将来时情况,在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，一般现在时代替将来时 When he arrives, we will go out to meet him. 2. 表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时代替将来时 The museum opens at ten tomorrow. The tr

5、ain starts at six this afternoon.,3 现在完成时 (have/has done ),常与现在完成时搭配的时间状语：for ten minutes/years, since last year, all day, these days, so far, up to now, until now, by now, over/in the past/last few years, in recent years, recently/lately, already, just, ever, never, yet, before ,1 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现

6、在的动作 I wonder why Jenny hasnt written to us recently. We should have heard from her by now. 2 用在一些固定结构中 It has been three years since she got married.=It is three years since she got married. It is the first time that I have visited the city. This is the third time that they havent come for the rubb

7、ish. （这是某人第一次做。）,3. 只有延续性动词才能与延续性时间状语连用 他参军已经三年了。 不能译为： 而应译为： 或：,He has joined the army for three years.,He has been in the army for three years.,He joined the army three years ago.,4 一般将来时,常与一般将来时搭配的时间状语：tomorrow, next week, in a few days time 等 1. shall用于第一人称 We shall meet this morning. 2. be goin

8、g to 打算，可能 (根据现象推测） There is going to be a wonderful film in our school tonight. Look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3. be about to do 马上（不与具体的时间状语连用） The train is about to start. be to 按计划，正式安排将发生 Are you to meet at the entrance to the park?,5. will 将 As long as you work hard, you wil

9、l become successful. 6. 表示移动意义的动词come, go, arrive, leave, start 与进行时连用表将来含义， Christmas is drawing near/coming. They arent coming. 7. 一般现在时表示约定时间将要发生的事(火车，汽车，飞机时刻表） The train starts at six this afternoon.,5 一般过去式 (did) 主语+过去式,常与一般过去时搭配的时间状语：a few days ago, yesterday, last Sunday, in 1990, the other d

10、ay, at that time, just now, in the past 等 A big fire destroyed the whole forest this morning. Where did you go just now? When I was a boy, I often went to play in that park.(=I would play in that park.),6 过去进行时（was/were doing),过去某一刻正在发生的动作，常带有时间状语或用于时间状语从句中 He was watching TV when I came in. While I

11、 was reading, my sister was playing. -What were you doing this time yesterday?- I was writing a letter. 2. 过去进行时强调过去一直在干某事，而一般过去式表达过去干了某事 He was writing a novel last year. I am not sure whether he has finished it or not. (他去年一直在写一本小说。） He wrote a novel last year. （他去年写了一本小说。）,7 过去将来时（would do),常用在宾语

12、或状语从句中 Lily said there would be a concert that evening. I didnt know when they were leaving for Beijing. 表过去常干某事 At the ago of 10, he would play football every afternoon. 3. 用于虚拟语气中 If everyone knew about first aid, many lives would be saved.,8 过去完成时 (had done),表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，用于by, before 等引导的时间状

13、语连用，也常见于宾语从句和定语从句中 They had taken their supper when I got home. He wrote the composition he had been told to by the teacher. I said that I had seen the film twice.,2. 用在“ no soonerthan”, “ hardly/scarcelywhen”(一就）等句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用过去式 。 No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away. 3. 用

14、在虚拟语气中（与过去相反） If you had worked hard, you would have passed the test. He had hoped to meet you, but he didnt have the time.,注意： 表示意向的v. 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等用过去完成时，表示”原本”,次要时态,将来进行时，表示将来的某个时候正在进行的动作(will be doing) At this time tomorrow, we will be driving across the big

15、 desert ahead. 2. 将来完成时，表示将来的某个时候某一动作已经完成( will have done ) By this time tomorrow, we will have finished our task.,3. 现在完成进行时表示一直在干某事并且该动作还在继续(have/has been doing) The foreign scientist has been working in our college for 9 years and does not want to leave. 4. 过去将来完成时用于虚拟语气中(would have done) I would

16、 have succeeded if I had worked hard enough.,被动语态的构成,am/is /are being done,am/is /are done,have/has been done,will be done,was/were being done,was/were done,would be done,had been done,将以下句子改成被动语态,He offered me much help., The school provided us with tents. We take good care of the books. You must p

17、ay attention to your pronunciation. We always keep the classroom clean. She told us to follow her instructions. we often hear him play the guitar.,主动表被动意义,系动词 look, sound, taste, feel, smell; become, turn, get, go; keep, stay, remain; seem, appear, prove, turn out 等不用被动语态,How sweet the flowers smell

18、 in the garden. He proves (to be) right.,2. move, lock, shut, open 等动词与cant 或 wont 连用时。,The door wont lock.,3. read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, wear 等与well, easily 等副词连用时,The door washes easily. The new product sells well./The raincoat wears well.,4. be worth doing,5. sth need/require/wan

19、t doing 句型,The book is worth reading. =Its worthwhile to read the book. =Its worthwhile reading the book. = The book is worthy to be read. =The book is worthy of being read.,My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired.,6. 句型：主语 + be + adj. + to do,该句型中，主语与动词不定式(作程度状语)之间是 动宾关系，但是要求用动词不定式的主

20、动形式表示 被动含义。常用于该句型的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, heavy, fit, interesting, pleasant, comfortable等。,The text is difficult to understand. Polluted water is unfit to drink. Your new jacket is nice to look at.,另： 主语+be +adj. enough to do 主语+be +too +adj. +to do,“有”-there be, with, have后面的动词,There was nothing

21、 to deal with, so I went home. With a lot to do, I felt uneasy. She had only a small room to live in.,8. 不用被动语态的动词happen, take place, come about break out, belong to, rise, add up to等,His whole schooling added up to no more than six months.,注意以下动词或动词短语用主动语态与被动语态的情况,1 The book came out/was published/

22、was brought out last year. (出版） 2. I gave out /was worn out after the long walk. (筋疲力尽） 3. Class ended/was dismissed at 12.(结束） Our class consists of /is made up of /is composed of 50 students. (由组成） The meeting will take place/will be held in a fortnight. (举行）,6. The car broke down/got broken on th

23、e way home. (坏了） 7. I have run out of /used up my ink. (用尽） =My ink has run out/has been used up. 8. The house belongs to me/is owned by me. (属于） 9. His hard work paid off/was rewarded. (得到回报，值得）,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote

24、 and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived

25、alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night

26、one of them ended up in a dish on my table.37 villagers brought me goats cheese and hone. We drank together and talked 38(merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old 2007年广东高考,Chinese proverbs are rich and they are

27、 still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help 33 ri

28、ce crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy s

29、ince the crop did “grow” 38 (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to ou

30、r intention. 2008年广东高考,Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year w

31、as not 33 pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows, hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk, ” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.” But Jane

32、knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 2009年广东高考,Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes 37 sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this

33、was a present which was bound to please 38 . When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already 39 table having supper. Her mother was excited. Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, Jane 40 (inform). 2009年广东高考,A young man,while traveling throug

34、h a desert，came across a spring of clear water. _31_water was sweet.He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _32_ had been his teacher .After a four-day journey, the young man _33_(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled_34_(warm),

35、 and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home _35_a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let _36_student taste the water. He spit it out, _37_(say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teache

36、r,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_?”,The teacher replied,” You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet).” We understand this lesson best _40_ we receive gifts of love from childr

37、en. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing. 2010年广东高考,One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day. My friends walked

38、 me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. He 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 20 (mental) disabled. 2011年广东高考题,The Black Country is about 10 miles

39、 from Birmingham. Its made up of for districts: Dudley, Walsall, Sandwell, and Wolvehampton. Historically, it was famous for industry, which explains 16 the area is called the Black Country. It got its name during the industrial revolution, 17 factory pollution turned the local skies black and coal

40、dust from the mine made the soil the same color. Dudley, which is 18 (probable) the heart of the Black Country, has a history 19 ( date) back over 1,000years, and its famous castle has been there 20 about the 8th century.,People from Black Country are very friendly. 21 their local dialect, which com

41、es from the old “Middle English”, can be very difficult to understand. I still remember taking 22 visiting friend from Canada to a local Black Country pub for lunch. 23 the waitress could even finish describing the menu, my friend looked at me with his eyebrows 24 （raise）. When I asked what he wante

42、d to order, he just shook his head in disbelief and asked if the waitress whom I 25 (speak) to just now was naturally speaking English. 选自2011年广一模,Hic! Youve just hiccupped(打嗝) for the tenth time since you finished dinner. Wonder _16 these funny noises are coming from? The part _17 (blame) is your d

43、iaphragm, the muscle（肌肉）at the bottom of your chest. All hiccups start here. The diaphragm almost always _18 (work) perfectly- it pulls down when you breathe in to help pull air into the lungs _19 it moves up when you breathe out to help push air out of the lungs. But sometimes the diaphragm becomes

44、 upset, and when _ 20 happens, it pushes up in an irregular way , making your breath come out differently _21 how it normally does. When this irregular breath hits your voice box, youre left with a big hiccup. Things _22 bother the diaphragm include eating too quickly or too much, stomachaches or fe

45、eling nervous.,If you want to know _23 to get rid of hiccups, here are some cures, _24 (breathe) into a paper bag is one method some people use. Others think taking a mouthful of water is the way to become hiccup-free. Sugar under your tongue might also drive away the hiccups. And maybe the most fam

46、ous 25 (treat), having someone scare you , also helps beat the hiccups. 选自2011年广二模,One day, our music teacher said some of the well-behaved children would go on a special trip with her. Later on, some of us _16_(choose) to do something special Our head teacher told us that we were going to 10 Downin

47、g Street, the home of the Prime minister, _18_(sing) some special songs for a Jewish festival. We had loads _19_ practice and the day came really soon! _20_ we go there, we each had a photo outside 10 Downing Street There we gave our performance, after _22_ George Osborne gave us some chocolate mone

48、y and he said, “I usually dont give away money, but this is _23_ exception,” and we all laughed. We also had some other traditional food. Soon it was time for us to leave _24_ we didnt want to. It was the _25_(amaze) experience Ive ever had and I will never forget it. Weekly 1,The other day I was wa

49、lking past a homeless person that I hadnt seen before. He was moving back and forth _16_ (stay) warm, and very gently asking for change. He spoke so quietly _17_ I could barely hear him. Something made me walk up to him. I asked him if he _18_(have) dinner yet and whether he would like to join me at

50、 a nearby restaurant. So he walked with me a few yards to the restaurant _19_ held the door open for me as we entered. He asked for the _20_(small) thing on the menu but I ordered a larger meal and explained that the price difference wasnt worth worrying _21_. We had a good dinner and a _22_(please)

51、 conversation about everyday stuff like where we grew up and what kind of music we liked. The whole time I just prayed to say the right thing and to give him the respect and dignity everyone deserves. I didnt want to show anything like I was better _23_ anybody. I was so grateful for this experience

52、. I may not have met my friends that evening but I met _24_ unexpected friend and the experience changed my life. It will make _25_ think twice in future before I complain about something I think I lack. Weekly 2,Kenya is a beautiful country, which is rich in scenery, culture and its people. But Ken

53、ya is also a country with big problems such as _16_(poor). Therefore, a group of us students went there last winter holiday. The main focus of _17_ trip was to help the local community. Our group visited four schools, an orphanage and a school for _18_ mentally disabled and even helped build a house

54、! In all the areas _19_ we paid a visit, the children were really admirable, and keen to meet us, often taking us _20_ the hand. Despite the hardship, they had enough energy to sing songs The trip has left a deep impression _23_ us. As our plane _24_(take ) off from Nairobi, the thought was in all o

55、ur minds : “could we have done _25_(much)?” weekly 3,Luo Nanfeng , a female master graduate of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, joined three of her schoolmates to open a foot massage store in Chengdu. Their behavior has aroused the publics strong interest _16_ the store. At the ve

56、ry beginning, many citizens could not understand _17_ the four were willing to be involved in such a vocation, which used to _18_(consider) an inferior one. But now they have changed _19_ mind. Besides, people find something special. The change lies in the stores difference _20_ other ones. In their massage store, they let their customers make a_21_ (choose) and decide what kind of massage_22_traditional Chinese medicine the customers need. In