module6unit4Grammar and usage.ppt

1、Unit 4 Helping people around the world,Unreal conditionals and things hoped for or desired,Grammar and usage,Look at the situation and the expression.,1. We planned to go for a picnic last week, but it was cancelled because of the rain.,If it had stopped raining, we would have gone for a picnic last

2、 week.,2. He will tell you everything when he is here, but he wont come until next month.,If he were here now, he would tell you everything.,3. We planned to have a football match tomorrow, but Im not sure now as the weather seems rather bad and I think it might snow tomorrow. The snow may affect ou

3、r schedule and the match may be put off.,If it should snow tomorrow, we would have to put off the match.,4. They wont come to see us as they dont have enough time.,If they had enough time, they would come to see us.,1.主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。,If you had asked him yesterda

4、y, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).,If you had listened to the talk about the UN yesterday, you would know the answer to the question now.,If Jenny were in town, I would have heard about it.,2. 含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条

5、件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。,可以用介词或介词短语，如otherwise、or和以with、without、in case of或but for开头的短语代替if从句来表示隐含的虚拟语气。,With (If I had) more money, I could help more people in need. Without (If we didnt have) the UN goodwill Ambassadors, people working on projects would not have been enco

6、uraged.,But for (If there was no) the help from the UN, those women would not have been able to set up their fund. Im too busy now, otherwise/or (If I werent so busy now) I would help you do the work.,Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would be D. would have

7、been He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored,C,D,Practice,I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. （2011陕西卷） A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone 解析：介词短语“without +

8、名词”在句中作状语，本句中表示与过去事实相反，用虚拟语气，故选couldnt have done。,A,高考真题,3. 可以用even if、as if、as though和if only来引导非真实条件句。,I would never go there even if I were given the chance to. Nicholas is smiling as if he knew nothing about it. Mike talks as though he had been to the Great Wall before. If only I were a Goodwill

9、 Ambassador!,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it look as if _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie,C,C,Practice,4. 在wish和would rather后的从句中用虚拟语气。,

10、I wish there were no wars in the world. I would rather you hadnt talked me about it.,- Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. - I wish they _ always late. （2011 北京卷） A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been,高考真题,A,解析：wish接从句，如果表示的是与现在事实相反的假设，通常用一般过去时；如果表

11、示的是与过去事实相反的假设，通常用过去完成时。从always判断这说的是通常情况，是与现在事实相反的假设，所以应该用一般过去时。,5. suggest, insist, request, demand, order等表示“建议、坚持、要求、命令”等含义时，这些动词后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。,常见动词有： 一个 “坚持”(insist)； 两个 “命令”(order, demand)； 三个 “建议”(advise, suggest, propose)； 四项 “要求”(demand, require, request, ask)。,注意：

12、(1) 当suggest表示“暗示，说明，表明”时，不用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词视情况而定。 His pale look suggested that he was in poor health. (2) 当insist 是“坚持说，硬说”之意时，不用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词形视情况而定。 He insisted that he had done nothing.,Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention _ (讨论) at the meeting. (discuss) （2010湖北） 答案：(should) be d

13、iscussed 解析：insist表示“坚决主张”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句结构是 “should”(可省略)+ 动词原形”，主语 problem 是要“被讨论”。,高考真题,6. Its necessary / important / strange / surprising / natural that句式表达了说话人的命令、要求、建议或者惊讶，从句中应用should + do, 其中should 可省略。,Its necessary that John (should) take the exam first.,7. It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动

14、词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。,It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.,1. We demanded that we _ of any change in the plan. A. informed B. would be informed C. be informed D. had been informed 2. Its necessary that he _ a recognized qualificatio

15、n. A. hasB. have C. had D. having,C,B,Practice,3. Its high time we _ our attention to this problem. A. turned B. turn C. had turned D. would turn 4. If only you _ him what I said! Everything would have been all right. A. didnt told B. hadnt told C. would not tell D. would have not told,A,B,5. He mus

16、t have had an accident, or he _ here then. A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be 6. Much labor would have been saved if the electronic computers _ before. A. had invented B. were invented C. should have been invented D. had been invented,C,D,7. _ cease advertising, prices wo

17、uld be significantly reduced. A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D. Would they 8. Five minutes earlier, and we _ the last bus. A. had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught,C,A,9. You _ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing. A. shouldnt have washed B.

18、 mustnt have washed C. can not have washed D. neednt have washed,D,10. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got,B,11. The mad man was put in the sof

19、t-padded cell lest he _ himself. A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure 12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night. A. were not playedB. not to play C. not be playedD. did not play,A,C,13. You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rath

20、er you _ on business first. A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone 14. It is important that enough money _ to fund the project. A. be collected B. must be collected C. was collectedD. can be collected,C,A,15. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he has no experience. A. is assi

21、gned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned 16. You _ her in her office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks. A. neednt have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. couldnt have seen,C,D,17. We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _ him. A. would have telep

22、honed B. must have telephoned C. would telephone D. had telephoned 18. It is recommended that the project _ until all the preparations have been made. A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be startedD. is not to be started,A,C,19. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to get up and com

23、e to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 20. I _ her to the party but I didnt know her well. A. ought have invited B. would have invited C. should inviteD. may have invited,A,B,21. You _ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow. A. neednt go B. should not go C. had better not go D. neednt have gone 22. - Would you have called her up had it been possible? -Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be,A,D,23. It was essential that the application forms _ back before t