英语：2013年中考一轮复习课件——名词复习(全国通用九年级下).ppt

1、专题-名词,第一章 名词,一、中考考查重点,可数名词与不可数名词 名词的单数与复数 名词所有格 单位词 名词作定语,e.g a drop of water,考点揭密,1.掌握名词的概念、分类，名词可分为：普通名词和专有名词； 2.掌握名词复数的构成、用法；名词所有格的构成方法及用法； 3.理解名词在句中的功能，掌握名词作主语、表语、宾语、复合宾语、定语、状语和同位语的用法； 4.能够辨析部分名词的用法区别，并熟练运用，如：family, home, house, work, job等. 5.主谓一致的用法。,概念 1.表示一类人或事物个体的名词叫个体名词：book ，eraser ， hous

2、e ， chair， student， waiter 表示由若干个个体组合成的集合体的名词称为集体名词: class ， family ， group， team 物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物的名词: milk ，water ， coffee ， tea 抽象名词表示状态品质感情等抽象概念的名词: idea ， happiness ， love ，knowledge， information， advice,可数名词的特点 1. 有单复数 2. 修饰词与不可数名词不同，如：many, a great many of, a few, few 专门修饰可数名词，不能修饰不可数名词。 3. 特殊疑

3、问句问数量时，用 how many 来问。 (1) 单数名词: a +（形容词）+单数 注意：a 用于辅音音素前，如： a house, a yellow car, a book, a teacher, a pear,(2)单数名词：an+（形容词）+单数 注意： *an 用于元音音素前 *注意后面所跟的词的第一个字母的发音，是否发音。 *注意后面跟的词的第一个字母如是元音字母u，所发的音是否/ju:/,如是，不定冠词就用a,an eraser，,an uncomfortable seat,an evening，,an apple，,an orange，,an e-mail,an egg，,a

4、n example，,an exciting thing，,an alarm clock,an answer，,an anut，,an uncle，,an action movie,an actor,an afternoon，,an art club，,an event,an English student，,an ID card,记住特殊：an honest ，an hour , a university student, a UFO,（1） 一般词尾 直接加s: cap-caps task-tasks star-stars tree-trees house-houses exercise-

5、exercises student-students,（2） 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词，在词尾加es: bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes 但：stomach-stomachs,（3）以f或fe结尾的词，把f或fe改为ves: shelf-shelves lifelives knife-knives leaf-leaves wifewives halfhalves wolf-wolves 例外：roof/roofs chief/chiefs,2.可数名词的复数形式 (规则变化),（4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+es: sto

6、rystories babybabies countrycountries partyparties dictionry-dictionaries 例外：daydays boy- boys toy-toys play-plays,（5）以o结尾的词，有生命力的加es,没有生命力的加s:( zeros/zeroes 都可以) a. potato-potatoes hero-heroes tomatotomatoes (例外：bamboos) b. radio/radios piano/pianos zoo/zoos photo/photos,读法,不规则变化,词本身发生特殊变化：,单复同形：,（

7、1）man 改成men: manmen ,womanwomen gentlemangentlemen policemanpolicemen gentleman-gentlemen(绅士） (2) oo改成ee: footfeet ， toothteeth goosegeese (3) 其它：mousemice ，child children,sheep sheep deer deer ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese fish-fish,3. 表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况,单复数相同：a Japanese - five Japanese a Chines

8、e -two Chinese,将man变为men: a Frenchman - two Frenchmen ( Englishman-Englishmen Englishwoman - Englishwomen ,Dutchman-Dutchmen,以an结尾的名词，在后面+s: a German - five Germans ( Russian-Russians American-Americans Indian-Indians Italian -Italians Korean-Koreans AustralianAustralians Canadian-Canadians),4. 常以复数

9、形式出现的名词,trousers glasses shorts pants socks physics goods货物 news clothes woods森林 thanks fireworks 烟花 scissors,5. 复合名词的复数形式,a. 将主体名词变为复数,looker-on lookers-on 旁观者 father-in-law fathers-in-law继父 son-in-law-sons-in-law女婿 go-between-go-betweens 中间人 grow-up-grow-ups 成人 a boy studentboy students 男学生 a flow

10、er shopflower shops 花店 a dining room dining rooms 餐室 an apple tree-apple trees 苹果树 girl student-girl students 女学生 twin sister-twin sisters 双胞姐妹 twin brother-twin brothers 双胞兄弟 stone bridge-stone bridges 石头桥,b. 当名词的第一个构成部分为man或 woman时，将2个构成部分均变为复数,a woman teacher - two women teachers a man nurse -two

11、 men nurses a man teacher-many men teachers a woman doctor-three women doctors,不可数名词的特点 ( 1 )只有单数形式，一般没有复数形式。 （）不与不定冠词a/an 搭配 （）表示数量时与量词搭配 Eg: a box of milk /a piece of news （）与修饰词 much/a little /a bit of/a great deal of 搭配 （5）问不可数名词的数时用How much,但问不可数名词前的量词时则用how many +量词of+ 不可数名词 ? 如： *My mother bu

12、ys two kilos of meat every day. How much meat does your mother buy every day? *My mother buys two kilos of meat every day. How many kilos of meat does your mother buy every day?,可数名词和不可数名词的共同特点,(1)可修饰可数名词和不可数名词的形容词：some /any/a lot of /lots of/plenty of +可数不可数名词 （2）定冠词既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。 如： the pear

13、 ,the house,the water,the air, the homework, the meat, the advice (3)有些可数名词也是不可数名词，但意思有所不同.,既可做可数名词，又做不可数名词的：,可数名词 不可数名词,a paper paper 纸 a glass glass 玻璃 an iron iron 铁 a room room 空间 a chicken chicken 鸡肉 a beauty beauty 美 a youth youth 青春 a fish fish 鱼肉,一张报纸 一个玻璃杯 一个熨斗 一个房间 一只小鸡 一个美人 一个青年 一条鱼,如何表示不

14、可数名词的量 1.表示不可数名词的数量时，通过可数的词来表示其量,表示结构为“数词+表量的名词+of+不可数名词”。 如：a piece of bread -two pieces of bread , a bag of rice-three bags of rice a bottle of ink-five bottles of ink a piece of news-four pieces of news a piece of advice, a block of ice, a piece of work, a cup of tea a basket of food, a drop of w

15、ater a box of milk-two boxes of milk,如： A piece of meat is on the table. Two pieces of meat are on the table. 2.可用不定量的词来表示量： much money, some rice, most corn a little water, a bit of milk, some paper, a great deal of water , all work , little time, lots of money, a lot of time,第二部 专题词汇 名词,考点揭密 典型例题解

16、析 课时训练,1)作主语 My teachers are good to us. The students study hard. Love is everything. Water is important. An apple is on the desk. Beijing is out countrys capital. The Internet is very useful.,名词的作用,2)作宾语 We have three pens. We all like English. 3)作表语 All of them are policemen. 4)作宾补(对宾语补充说明） They c

17、all me Lucy. 5)做定语（多用单数形式;但womanman做定语是应与被修饰的名词的单复数形式保持一致） We have a class meeting today. Those are apple trees. We can see many men doctors there.,主谓一致,当class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.g The class are waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big. Toms fa

18、mily _ film fans.,is,are,2. news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him.,is,3. 像goods, compasses, chopsticks, shoes, glasses, trousers, savings,belongs ，shorts,pants,stocks, scissors 等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。,e.g The shoes hers. The savings _ for your futur

19、e use.,are,请辨析: A pair of glasses _ on the table. Two pairs of glasses _ on the table.,is,are,are,4. police, people(人们), youth(青年们) 只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。,e.g The police are gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace.,love,但是: people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分,e.g He is a youth of 20. Many En

20、glish-speaking peoples _ this book.,like,5. 像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定,e.g A deer is over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field.,are,6. The poet and musician _ present at the party. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The bread and the butter _ ready. Bread and butter _

21、 her usual breakfast. 涂了黄油的面包,was,has,are,is,8. Both and 的谓语动词用复数形式。,e.g. Both he and his father _ there.,were,7. 采取就近一致原则的句型结构：,There be e.g. There _ a book and two apples on the desk. not onlybut also e.g Not only you but also he _ right. eitheror e.g Either he or I _ wrong. neithernor e.g Neither

22、 she nor I _ right.,is,is,am,am,e.g Five minutes _ enough to do this. Ten miles journey _ tiring for us. A boats length _ as long as the bed. Two pounds weight _OK.,is,is,表示时间、距离 、金额、度量、书名、国名等的数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。 e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you . Ten dollars _ too much to pay.,is,is,is,is,10. e

23、ach + 单名 + and + each + 单名 every +单名 + and +every + 单名 no +单名 + and + no + 单名,each of + 复数名词 one of + 复数名词,every / each +单名+ and + 单名,等结构做主语时，名词都表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.g. Each boy and each girl _ seen the film. No teacher and no student _ come yet. Every knife, fork , and spoon _ to be bought. Each of the

24、students _ a dictionary.,has,has,has,has,The old man（together) with his two sons _ left for America . Miss Wang as well as his friends _ waiting there . Most of the students in our class except Li Lei _ sports every week.,has,is,11. 注: 由 as well as, together with, with, besides, but, except 等词连接两个名词

25、做主语时，动词形式根据这些词前面的名词的单复数来定。,play,12. part of / most of / some of / half of / all of /the rest of / lots of/ a lot of / plenty of 后接名词做主语时，动词的单复数根据of后的名词决定，如是可数名词谓语就用复数，如果是不可数名词，谓语用单数。 但one of +可数名词做主语，谓语总用单数。,e.g Half of his money _ gone . Half of his books _ new. All of the food _ missing. All of he

26、r friends _ very honest. One of my friends_ English.,is,are,is,are,speaks,13. 不可数名词做主语谓语用单数。,e.g A lot of water is flowing the river . Some meat was bought from the store. A piece of meat was found on the table. A bottle of mile is in her hands. A piece of soap is on the drawer.,are,are,注意：但当不可数名词前的

27、数量词是可数名词的复数时候，谓语要用复数。 如：Two baskets of meat under the table . Three bottles of milk in my cupboard.,又如： Two bags of broccoli are on the table. 14.用不定量的词来修饰的不可数名词做主语谓语用单数： much money, some rice, most corn a little water, a bit of milk, some paper, a great deal of water , all work , little time, lots

28、of money, a lot of time Much money is in his bag. Some paper was put in her backpack.,Exercises: 1.Oh,there isnt enough_for us in the lift.-It doesnt matter. Lets wait for the next. A. ground B floor Cplace Droom 2.You must look after those_. A.dog B.sheep C.parrot Dcat 3.In our school there are for

29、ty_and eight hundred and sixty_. A.Woman teachers;girl students B.Women teachers;girl students C.Women teachers; girls students Dwoman teachers; girl students,【例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day.2003，天津 A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers,典型例题解析,【例2】 Im afraid that there is no_ for you i

30、n my car,because there are already five people.2003，山西 A.land B.ground C.room D.floor ,B,C,【例3】 These Germans want to have some_for supper,so they decide to catch_now.2003，天津 A.fish,many B.fishes,much C.fish,much D.fishes,many,【例4】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please? 2003，广东 A.some bread B.some

31、 water C.some cakes D.some eggs,【例5】 Some_are flying kites near the river. 2003，长沙 A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs,A,B,C,1.The rich_not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has 2.In Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 3.There are four_and two_in the gro

32、up. A.Japanese，Germen B.Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans 4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news,课时训练,A,A,D,A,B,6.March 8th is _Day. A.Womans B

33、.Womens C.Womans D.Women 7.We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few, few 8.There are three_in our class. A.Zhous B.Zhous C.Zhous D.Zhouss 9.Its about ten_walk. A.minutes B.minutes C.minute D.minutes 10.This room is_. A.Bill and Davids B.Bills and Davids C.Bills and Davids D.Bill and David,课时训练,(B),(A),(B),(B),(A),11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China. A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities 12.Would you like_? A.some more meat B.any more m