0912班 english headline.ppt

1、English News Headlines,Brief introduction: English News Headlines are the indispensable segments in the overall English news. They are apt to be terse and vivid in an attempt to draw the attention of readers, and the language of the English news headlines is concise,readable,aesthetic and novel whic

2、h differs a lot from other styles of writing. However, on the whole, there are still bountiful classifications and features existing in the English news headlines. Then we are inclined to make an analysis from the perspectives of types and features of headlines.,一 according to their forms 1 Flush le

3、ft (左对齐） P.s: 一般报纸的大标题首行是左对齐，接下来一行是右对齐 2 banner headline(通栏标题） Every headline word in it is large and bold and the whole headline often covers several columns. 3 drop form headline(水滴形标题) e.g. FBI Agrees to Cease Its Illegal Surveillance Of the Research Institute 4 inverted pyramid headline( 倒金字塔标题）

4、 e.g. Factory Walkout Threat Over Sacking,types of headline,5 double headline(双标题） p.s. This kind of headline is used mostly for the report of big events. It has two lines: one is main headline and the other auxiliary headline. e.g. Tribes Mean Trouble So far, the fight for Libya has been an armed s

5、howdown between Gaddafi and the rebels. This conflict is about to get much more complicated 6 jump head headline(隔页标题） p.s. The headline is divided into two parts: original head and jump head. A original part is in one page, but after the body jumps pages, the original head will be changed into a ju

6、mp head which uses different words from original one to express the same meaning. e.g. System to flight Russia satellites (original) U.S plans weapon against satellites (jump head),according to their meanings 1 strait headline(最普遍的标题） p.s. This kind of headline tells us strait(困境） about the subjects

7、 of news. This is the most common one and is easy to understand. e.g. Tribes Mean Trouble 2 questioning headline(带有问题的标题） p.s. Question marks often be seen in this kind of headlines but most of them do not have meanings of questioning. They often give a clue of possibility or writers doubt about the

8、 reality of some facts.E.g. When Will We Learn? The world has suffered three tsunamis in 13 months. Why our warning systems need to be better. 3 other types like feature headline(特征标题）, oration headline（演说标题）and so forth will be analysed in detail below in the features of headlines.,features of head

9、line,一 .Omission(省略) in Headlines ( 英语新闻标题中最明显的特征）(一般是指句子中词语的省略） In order to meet the need of large amount of information in modern society, English editors cut the number of words in one piece of news to save place but contain more information. That is why the function words having no real meanings

10、 are all tend to be elected in headlines.1 (1)function words(虚词） are deleted most in the headline Function words: articles, link verbs(连接词), prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words and pronouns e.g. e.g. Charles, 32 Seeks Bride （Prince Charles, who is 32 years old, is looking for someone to marr

11、y. ）e.g. China Happy For Middle East （China happy for the middle east.）(2) not all the articles can be deleted 在固定搭配中或去掉冠词易造成误解时，在不定冠词表示“一个”的概念时，必须使用冠词。例如：How America Sees the World。,（3）punctuations to save pages（标点符号的使用） A: comma can be in stead of and （逗号） e.g. Woman Kills Husband, Self （A woman k

12、ills her husband and herself.） （4） Use of colon（冒号） A: “Said” or “say” can be instead by colons or double quotation marks to give a meaning that someone says something or some conclusions are drawn;e.g. Hu :We Should Support Third World Countries （Hu says that we should support the third world count

13、ies.） B: “to be” sometimes is replaced by a colon in headlines. (作解释）e.g. Chinese cooks: masters at turning a turnip into a flower.（Chinese cooks are masters at turning a turnip into a flower.） （5）Use of single quotation marks （单引号的使用） Single quotation marks can quote someones saying; or the words i

14、n side of them have a deep or other meanings. Single quotation marks are often instead of double quotation marks for they are shorter.（在新闻标题中，单引号代替双引号） e.g. China Demands U.S. Stop Interfering on Human Rights 6） Use of numbers but without of the following nouns.（省略名词，留下数字） e.g. 41 Die as School Coll

15、apses （41 students die as school collapses）,二 vocabularies in headlines（词汇特征）,1 Short words or Midget Words (小词） Editors disgust long words badly which not only take up lines but also seemed ugly and For the sake of nice and balance，editors like short words to generalize news. e.g. aidassistance foe

16、 opponent; enemy bidattempt nabcapture probeinvestigation wed marry Use of acronym 首字母缩略词（指的是首字母缩略词 ，一般存在于机构名称，事物名称 和职务或职称中） （1）Names of agents or organizations (机构） e.g. CPPCC（The Chinese peoples political consultative conference ) EU=European Union （2）Names of something that we use very often （事物）

17、 e.g. AIDS，UFO, PC ,JV=joint Venture , MFN=Most Favored Nation （3）Nouns for careers，positions or credits（职称） e.g. PM (prime minister), MP(member of parliament), GM(general manager), PA （personal assistant). Use of abbreviation 简缩词（主要是通过去掉词语的尾部或中间部分，或是将一个词的首部加上另一个词的尾部而构成的 ） e.g. Govt=Government appox

18、.approximately Sci-fi=Science fiction,4 Using nouns，participles and short adjective to embellish words to replace long adjective or clauses.(用名词，分词，短形容词来代替较长的形容词或短语） e.g. Poison Gas Fear Haunts City （A fear of poison gas is haunting the people in a certain city.） 3 Held Over College Horror Crash （3

19、people are being detained by the police concerning a horrifying crash at a college.） Use of literary quotations(文学引语），proverbs（谚语），wisdoms（至理名言），idioms （习语） （1） All Roads to Venice ( Changing form of all roads lead to Rome ） （2）Farewell to Arms It tells about the communist partys secretary of soviet

20、 union advised US president to destroy nuclear weapons completely. It quotes the name of a famous book ,“A Fare Well to Arms” （3）Refugees in Dice Straits “In dice straits” is an idiom means in a difficult or dangerous situation. Use of neologism and foreign words（新词和外来词） e.g. Yen benefits from Europ

21、ean fundsYen is Japanese monitory unit.,New words and wrong spellings (新词和错误拼法） e.g. The Orangemostest Drink in the WorldOrangemostest is made up by orange+most+est, “most” and “est” are both used together to stress the quality of the orange drink. Add letters (加字母） e.g. Gooooooal! But Pity the Guy

22、Between the PostsAdd five “O” and the picture of kicking in is here.,三 rhetoric in headlines ( 修辞特征）,Metaphor (隐喻） Wall Street Takes a Dive 中，“take a dive” 原意为“跳水”，此处比喻股票市场的股票价格大幅度急剧下跌。这种表达具有异曲同工之效。此标题可译为：华尔街股票出现跳水行情。 Contrast (对比） e.g. U.S. is Long on Game Shows，Short on Foreign NewsThis is a press

23、 on U.S. TV program. It is distinctly contrast and irony.4.3 Alliteration and Consonance Alliteration （押头韵） e.g. Soldiers Salary Soars “S” is the beginning letter of every words ，and this is alliterate. Puns （双关语） Puns are often in irony，humorous headlines. If they are used proper this trend wouldbe

24、 stronger. e.g. “The Sun Sets For the Last Time” “It tells us an English newspaper in Hong Kong called sun is stop coming out. The sun here is a pun.”,Metonymy （借喻） When using metonymy, the person or the thing a writer want to write are not shown directly in a headline，but by borrowing other things

25、connected to indicate them indirectly. e.g. A Royal Pain For the Crown Here crown is not the real crown but indicate the Queen. Paradox (自相矛盾） A paradox can make readers think from twoside ways and let them understand news deeply. To understand this kind of headline well we should chew them twice or

26、 even more.e.g. Surgery Without the Surgery?! （动手术 不用刀了?！）,四 Grammar in headline（ 语法特征）,Verbs have their own tenses .So are ones in headlines. But headlines must short and accurate, so the verbs in them have special tense showing methods. English headlines do not use past tense but present tense, th

27、us readers feel they are in the situation and the news is in time, this called Journalistic Present Tense.,Use of the simple present tense (一般现在时） In news, present tense is often used to describe things happened just now, that is to say, it is used to instead of past tense. e.g. Comeback Gives China

28、 A Sensational Thomas Cap Win(The Comeback gave China a sensational Thomas Cup Win.) Use of the simple future tense （一般将来时） English headlines “be to do” form in which “be” is omitted is used most. So in headlines “to do” forms express writers prediction of future trends.（用to be代替） e.g. Bands to Gath

29、er For Jazz Festival(Bands are to gather for Jazz Festival.) Use of the present progressive tense（现在进行时） Present Progressive Tense emphasizes certain thing is doing at present time and its result is not known at now. Also “be” is usually omitted for the need of shortness. （省be 动词） e.g. Sino-British

30、Partnership Progressing (Sino-British Partnership is Progressing),Use of passive voice (被动语态） When verbs in headlines should use passive voice , the “be” in“be + participle” form and the operator followed “by” are usually omitted. Thus the only left past participle can give a passive meaning directly in headlines, learners must not confused passive voice as past tense. （在新闻标题中，by 和 be要省去） （1）e.g. Demolition