被动语态讲与练疑问词加不定式

1、被动语态一、语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句，谓语动词为被动语态的句子叫被动句。如：主动句：They built this bridge.被动句：This bridge was built by them.二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be +及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为系动词的变化完全一样。英语主动语态的时态共有十种，而被动语态只有八种。三、八种常用时态的被

2、动语态举例1. 一般现在时 am/is/ are +P.PA lot of books are kept in our school library. 我们学校图书馆有许多藏书。2一般过去时 was/were + P.P A thief was caught last night. 一个小偷昨晚被抓了。3现在进行时 am/is/ are +being +P.P The watch is being repaired. 这块表正在修理。4过去进行时 was/ were +being +P.P The door was being painted at that time. 那时门还在油漆。5一般

3、将来时 will +be+ P.P The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon. 班会下周六下午召开。6过去将来时 would +be+P.P They said the work would be finished the next day. 他们说这项工作第二天就能完成。7现在完成时 have/has +been +P.P My bag has been stolen. 我的包被偷了。8过去完成时 was/ were +being +P.P She said this airport had never been used.

4、 她说这个机场没有使用过。四、情态动词的被动语态例：1)主动句：You must hand in your homework this afternoon.被动句：Your homework must be handed in this afternoon.2)主动句：I have to do the job myself. 被动句：The job has to be done by myself.3)主动句：All of us ought to obey the rule. 被动句：The rule ought to be obeyed.(by all of us)五、被动语态的用法1当不知

5、道谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。例如： His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被热偷走了。2. 在没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。例如：China was librated in 1949. 中国是一九四九年解放的。3. 强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。例如： The plan has already been made. 计划已经制订好了。4. 用被动语态时，如需同时指出动作的执行者，可用“介词by +动词执行者（宾格）”这一结构。例如： Midnight was written by Mao Dun. 子夜是茅盾写的。六、使用被动语态应注意

6、的事项1. 及物动词能构成被动语态，不及物动词不能构成被动语态。例如：Children sleep soundly. 小孩睡得香。 某些不及物动词与介词或副词构成不可分割的短语时，如有宾语，可用被动语态。例如：The speaker was listened to carefully. 人们聆听发言人的讲话。2. 某些动词形式上是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。例如：This book sells well. 这本书畅销。3带有情态动词的一般被动语态是“情态动词+be +过去分词”。例如：The question neednt be discussed. 这个问题不必讨论。4带有不定式的一般被动语

7、态是“to be +过去分词”。例如：A new hotel is going to be built near the station. 车站附近要建一所新旅馆。七.用主动语态形式表示被动含义的常用动词:主动代替被动 clean sell lock translate read write wash wear cook tear cut keep burn strike pull act last feel例：1）The cloth washes well.2) Potatoes cook slowly.3 ) The door doesnt lock.八、并非所有及物动词都可用于被动语态，

8、有些也不可以，如： meet, become, suit, fit, cast, catch, hold, lack, bill,(time) take place, break ones work例：The room can hold about twenty people.(正确)About twenty people can be hold by the room.(错误)被动语态 巩固练习一、单项选择1Is it going to rain tomorrow? _. A. I think not B. I dont hope so. C. I hope isnt D. I dont t

9、hink so.2. They planted _ trees this year as last year. A. as 3 times many B. as many 3 times C. as three times as many D. 3 times as many 3. They _ at the school gate by young pioneers tomorrow morning.A. will met B. has met C. is met D. will be met4. They _ to the stadium to watch the football mat

10、ch this afternoon.A. are taken B. will take C. were taken D. will be taken5. The guests _ around the city this Sunday. A. are shown B. will show C. will be shown D. has shown6. A talk on Chinese history _ in our school next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give7. This lett

11、er is _ in French. I can not read it. A. writing B. written C. wrote D. writes 8. The new computers _ to the village school as presents last month.A. are given B. is given C. were given D. gave9. If the cat doesnt run fast enough, it_ by the dog.A. will catch B. is caught C. was caught D. will be ca

12、ught10 With the help of the experts, the factory made_ cars this year as Last year.A. as twice many B. as many twice C. as twice as many D. twice as many.11Id like _ you to my birthday party. A. to invite B. inviting C. invited D. invite12. Would you like to come to my party next Saturday? Thanks fo

13、r _ me. A. to invite B. invite C. inviting D. invited 13. Thank you for helping me with the work. _A. It doesnt matter B. I dont think so C. Youre kind D. Its a pleasure14. The person _ the silliest hat will get a special prize. A. at B. for C. With D. has15. It was _ fun trying to guess who everyon

14、e was. A. so B. too C. very D. such16. His mother is a great _. She _ delicious food last Wednesday. A. cooker. Cooked B. cook. cook C. cook. cooked D. cooker. cook 17. Im looking forward _ the football match. A to watch B. watch C. watching D. to watching 18. The workers in this factory are _ as in

15、 that one. A. as 4 times many B. as many four times C. four times as many D. four times many as19. We studied _ English words this year than last year.A. as once many B. as many once C. once as many D. once many as20. I have _ Russian stamps for you. A . some more B. more some C. more any D. any mor

16、e二 用所给的词适当形式填空。 1The guests will be _( take ) to the hall by the students. 2. The cat will be _ ( catch ) by the dog. 3. I was_(wake) up by the noise last night. 4. English is_ ( teach ) in many primary schools.5. The visitor will be _ ( show) around the city. 6Thank you for _ ( invite ) me to your

17、school. 8. I really enjoyed _( I) at the party. 9. Thank you for_ ( send ) me the beautiful stamps. 10. His uncle is a great _ ( cook ). He _ ( cook ) delicious chicken yesterday.三 把下列句子改为被动句。 1 They will hold a sports meeting next spring. A sports meeting next spring. 2. They will take the sick per

18、son to the hospital at once. The sick person to the hospital at once. 3. She studies French very hard every evening. French very hard every evening.4. Some of the boys like popular songs very much. 5. Can you mend this broken bike ? 疑问词不定式的用法一. 作主语 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：Where to go tomorrow has not bee

19、n decided. 明天到什么地方去尚未决定。How to divide labor among the workers is still a question. 这些工人之间如何分工仍是个问题。二. 作动词宾语 能够接疑问词不定式作宾语的动词常用的有advise, ask, consider, decide, discuss, explain, forget, know, learn, remember, show, teach, tell, wonder等。例如：He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make f

20、ire. 他得学会收集淡水、寻找食物，生火什么的。You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 如果不会游泳，就不要去做木筏漂流。漂流必须始终穿上救生衣。三. 作双重宾语 某些动词后可接sb.疑问词不定式构成的双重宾语，这类动词常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell等。例如：He will advise you what to do. 他会建议你们做什么。Will you show me how to use this

21、 machine? 你能示范教我如何使用这部机器吗？四. 作介词宾语 某些介词后面可接疑问词不定式作宾语，这类介词常用的有about, as, from, in, of, on, with等。例如：You also need to learn the basic skills of rafting, such as how to handle the raft, how to paddle and how to get in and out of the raft. 你还需要学习基本划木筏的技巧，比如驾驭木筏的方法，划桨方法，上下木筏的方法。He has no idea of how to answer this questio