高级英语第一册第二课PPT.ppt

1、Hiroshima-the Liveliest City in Japan,Lesson Two,(Excerpt),Objectives of Teaching,To comprehend the whole text To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences To understand the structure of the text To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.

2、,Important and difficult points,1.The separation of the anti-Japanese psychology of the Chinese students with the authors repentance for the A-bomb cataclysm. 2. What is a narration? 3. The understanding and comprehension of the contradiction between the sorrowful mentality of the author and the hum

3、orous language of the text. 4. Some useful expressions such as to be preoccupied, to be oblivious, and etc.,Background Information,Japan National Name: Nippon Geography: Four main islands: Honshu (本州), Hokkaido (北海道), Kyushu (九州), and Shikoku (四国) Area: 371,857 sq.km. Population: 122,700,000 (1988).

4、 Capital: Tokyo,Background Information,Sept.1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland. France and Britain declared war on Gr. immediately, officially beginning World War II Jun.22, 1941 Gr. invaded USSR Dec. 7, 1941Pearl Harbour Sept. 1943 Italy surrendered May. 7, 1945 Gr. surrendered unconditionally,Backgroun

5、d Information,Aug. 6, 1945the first A-bomb exploded in Hiroshima Aug. 8, 1945USSR declared war on Japan and occupied Manchuria Aug. 9, 1945the dropping of the second A-bomb on Nagasaki Aug. 14, 1945Japan announced its surrender,Background Information,Atomic Bomb: The explosion produces great amounts

6、 of heat, a shock wave and intense radiation. The region of the explosion becomes radioactively contaminated and radioactive products may be deposited elsewhere as fallout. *image-1* (原子弹爆炸图）,Background Information,At 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, by order of President Truman, the first Atomic bomb,

7、nicknamed Little Boy was exploded over a point near the centre of Hiroshima, destroying almost everything with a radius of 830-1,450 meters.,Background Information,The damage beyond this area was considerable, and over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many more later died of injuries and the eff

8、ects of radiation. Casualties numbered nearly 130,000.,Background Information,Survivors are still dying of leukaemia, pernicious anaemia and other diseases induced by radiation. Almost 98% of the buildings were destroyed or severely damaged.,Background Information,The Japanese dedicated post-war Hir

9、oshima to peace. A destroyed area named Peace City has been set aside as a memorial. A peace Park was built. A special hospital built here treats people suffering from exposure to radiation and conducts research into its effects. *image-1*(日本广岛原子弹纪念馆）,Questions for the understanding of the text,1. W

10、hat is the author? What does he come to Hiroshima for? 2. How did he get to Hiroshima? 3. What was weighing heavily on his mind? 4. Why did he call his trip to Hiroshima a far great adventure?,Questions for the understanding of the text,5. How did the author get to the City Hall? 6. What impression

11、do you have about the cab driver? 7. How did the author describe the city, why? 8. Why did the usher heave a long almost musical sigh? What effect does this have on you? 9. What is the general atmosphere of this part?,Questions for the understanding of the text,10. What do you imagine the mayor look

12、ed like? 11. Why did he again sense the emotion that had crushed him at the station? 12. Why was it difficult for him to ask why they were gathered at that specific place? 13. Why did the Americans and Germans seem just as inhibited as he was?,Questions for the understanding of the text,14. What do

13、you imagine the faces looked like each time the name of Hiroshima was repeated? 15. Why do you think the author repeatedly reminds us of the serious appearances and the psychology of the westerners? 16. What do you think the author expected the mayor to say?,Writing Style,Narration: The telling of a

14、 story. A good narration has a beginning, a middle and an end.,Writing Style,In a narrative writing, the actions or the incidents, events are generally presented in order of their occurrence, following the natural time sequence of the happenings, It is called to be in Chronological order. But it can

15、 also start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings. This is called flashback.,Writing Style,There are three basic components of a narration: a. Plot: the frame of the writing, which consists of a series of events. There are usu. one or several

16、climaxes, the highest point of the story, with suspensions, conflicts, to arouse the interest of the audience. After the climax is reached, the story quickly moves to a conclusion.,Writing Style,b. Characters: the leading character is called the hero or protagonist. c. Background: the time and place

17、 of the story The plot usually dominates narration, however, some narratives focus on character or theme or atmosphere.,Detailed Study of the Text,1. slip: to move glidingly, smoothly, secretly or unnoticed 2. lump: a mass of sth. solid without a special size or shape a lump of lead, sugar Black cof

18、fee, 2 lumps, please! a hard swelling on the body She was afraid when she felt a lump in her left breast.,to have a lump in ones throat: to have a tight feeling in the throat because strong emotion, such as sorrow, pity, gratitude, or excitement, etc. All during her husbands funeral, she had a lump

19、in her throat. Johns mother had a lump in her throat at his college graduation.,Detailed Study of the Text,3.on my mind: troubling ones thoughts, causing anxiety, unhappiness. When you have sth. on your mind, you are completely preoccupied and obsessed. His failure weighs heavily on his mind. He has

20、 got too much on his mind to worry about your problem.,Detailed Study of the Text,cf: in ones mind: think about, think of I think I know whats in your mind. Her mother was always in her mind.,Detailed Study of the Text,4. the very act of stepping on this soil: act and action: Action refers primarily

21、 to the process of acting; act to the result, the things done. The rescue of a shipwrecked crew is a heroic action while the launching of the lifeboat, a brave act.,Detailed Study of the Text,on this soil: on this land, on this earth, ground (soil: an emotive word) A person in exile comes back to hi

22、s motherland, he kneels down to kiss the soil. Here it suggests the emotion of the author. He thinks his country is responsible for the A-bomb destruction. He is preoccupied. He has the feeling of atoning for the crime.,Detailed Study of the Text,5. adventure: a journey that is strange and exciting

23、and often dangerous, sth. you do or a situation you become involved in that is rather unusual, exciting and dangerous. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,Detailed Study of the Text,Detailed Study of the Text,6. reportorial: of / about a reporter the adj. form of reporter

24、 7. crime: an offence which is punishable by law, an immoral act,8. appear Appear, Look, and Seem can mean to be as stated in ones view or judgement, but not necessarily in fact. Seem suggests an opinion based on subjective impression rather than objective signs. He seems tired. My other visits to B

25、eijing were twenty years ago. How would it seem after such a long time?,Detailed Study of the Text,Detailed Study of the Text,Look implies that the opinion is based on a general visual impression. His lips looked unnatural. He looks nervous. Appear suggests a distorted impression His tongue could ma

26、ke the worse appear the better reason. He appeared not to have heard what had been said about him.,9. preoccupy: to fill ones mind completely so that not enough attention is given to other present matters When he is preoccupied with his hobby, he has no idea of what is going on around him. I was too

27、 preoccupied to hear the bell. He had a preoccupied look on his face, as if sth. was troubling him.,Detailed Study of the Text,preoccupation: extreme concern for sth. Reading is his main preoccupation It seemed to me that the Japanese did not have the same extreme concern which is bothering me. I wa

28、s totally absorbed in the consideration of the crime, but the Japanese did not appear to be so.,Detailed Study of the Text,10. rub shoulders with: to meet and mix with (people) This is not the sort of club where the great rub shoulders with the humble. A person in my position rubs shoulders with all

29、 kinds of people. In our class, people of all trades (porter, carpenter, coppersmith, etc.) rubber shoulders with each other.,Detailed Study of the Text,11. oblivious: be unaware of, not noticing, unconscious of, lacking mindful attention Their government is oblivious of the rights of the poor. I am

30、 oblivious of my former failure. I was so preoccupied with the book that I was oblivious of the surroundings.,Detailed Study of the Text,I was so preoccupied with the beautiful woman I met on the bus that I was oblivious of the pickpocket beside me / of what the conductress was yelling when the bus

31、came to a stop.,Detailed Study of the Text,Detailed Study of the Text,12. bob: to move up and down quickly and repeatedly The cork on the fishing line bobbed up and down on the water.,13. rite: a ceremonial act with a fixed pattern, usu. for a religious purpose, form of behaviour with a fixed patter

32、n I dont know much about the rites of that church. Secret society has their special rites. ceremonial / burial / marriage rites On Sunday we make our ritual visit to the the pub at lunchtime. (humorous usage),Detailed Study of the Text,14. formula: an expression which is often used in a particular s

33、ituation, esp. one that has come to sound stupid and meaningless They exchanged the set of conventionally fixed pattern of daily greetings.,Detailed Study of the Text,Detailed Study of the Text,15. facade: front or face of a building towards a street or open place 16. grin: broad smile that shows th

34、e teeth. It intends to imply naive cheerfulness. 17. rear-view mirror: a mirror (as in an automobile) that gives a view of the area behind the vehicle,Detailed Study of the Text,18. martyr: person who is put to death or caused to suffer for his beliefs a martyr to a cause / love / duty Eternal life

35、to the revolutionary martyrs! v.: to put to death, cause to suffer, to torture out of cruelty,Detailed Study of the Text,19. lurch: to move with irregular sudden movements, to move unsteadily, clumsily, with heavy rolling and swaying back and forth 20. in response to: as an answer to She opened the

36、door in response to the knock.,Detailed Study of the Text,In response to your inquiries, we regret to inform you that we cannot help you in this matter. Twice I put the request to him but he said nothing in response.,Detailed Study of the Text,21. twist: to wind a number of threads, etc. together to

37、 make a rope by twisting threads to twist the hair to make it curl to turn, to change direction abruptly to twist the cap of a tube of tooth paste He twisted my arm. Give the handle a twist, that will open the box.,Detailed Study of the Text,22. screech: to make a sharp, high-pitched noise 23. halt:

38、 to stop or pause, mainly used in the phrase come to a halt 24. ignorance: lack of knowledge Please forgive our ignorance. Poverty, disease and ignorance remain major world problems. We are in complete ignorance of his plan.,Detailed Study of the Text,ignorant: To be ignorant of sth. is not to know

39、it. He is quite ignorant of Latin. She was ignorant of his presence.,Detailed Study of the Text,cf: disregard, neglect material worldly as opposed to spiritual earthly care: daily life and worries, cares on the earth which is in contrast with that in heaven, in death.,Detailed Study of the Text,Stru

40、ctural Analysis,Part I: (para 1.) The Arrival Part II: (The Japanese .the kimono and the miniskirt.) Way to City Hall Part III: (At the door.) Meeting the Mayor Part IV: (the hospital) At the Hospital,Writing Technique,1. Contrast: description of the scenery and of his own emotion Psychology: sorrow

41、ful and repentant. Hiroshima symbolizes war crime, sin, death, terror, etc. Scenery: lively, happy, vigorous, cheerful, etc.,Writing Technique,2. Humour: serious looking men, bob up and down, the cab driver, the usher, meeting the mayor in his socks, spinal column flexible, Hiroshima-oysters, small

42、man with very large eye-glasses, his eyes nearly closed behind their thick lenses, etc.,Rhetoric,Irony:a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humour or sarcasm. Hiroshima-the Liveliest City in Japan Each day of

43、suffering that helps to free my from earthly cares congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me,Rhetoric,Anti-Climax: the sudden appearance of an absurd or trivial idea following a serious significant ideas and suspensions. This device is usu. aimed at creating comic or hum

44、orous effects. a town known throughout the world for its-oysters The duties of a soldier are to protect is country and peel potatoes.,Rhetoric,Alliteration: the repetition of an initial sound that is usu. a consonant in two or more neighbouring words. slip to a stop tested and treated Rhetorical Question: a question that needs no answer, but used for emphasis Was I not at the scene of the crime?,Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or in-offen