英语演讲 Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade.ppt

1、Public Speaking,Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade,1. The ultimate goal of a persuasive speech is to create, reinforce, or change your audience members beliefs or actions. Knowing how to construct an effective persuasive speech will benefit anyone who is trying to get people to agree with you, get people t

2、o take a particular action, or accomplish change of any sort.,Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade,2. Before you select a topic, you must realize that your will be trying to “persuade” rather than “inform”. Here are the distinctions: * When you give a persuasive speech, you are a leader. When you give an inf

3、ormative speech, you are a teacher. * A persuasive speech asks the audience to choose an option. An informative speech simply shows and clarifies options. * A persuasive speech asks the audience for a pledge to do something. An informative speech may similarly ask for commitment from the audience; h

4、owever, it is significantly smaller. * Any regular public speaker or public relations professional will tell you that a persuasive speech involves particular ethical obligations.,Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade,3. Next, you need to select a topic. Most persuasive speech textbooks will divide topics into

5、 three different categories. * The first involves questions of “policy”. * The second category is when the persuasive speech focuses on questions of “value”. * The final category is persuasive speeches that focus on questions of “fact”.,Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade,4. Once you decide on your speech t

6、opic and category, you must then develop your specific purpose. Depending on your course structure and theoretical perspective, your specific purpose will either be “speaker-centered” or “audience-centered”. If it is speaker-centered, then your specific purpose will usually begin as, “To persuade my

7、 audience about.” in contrast to an audience-centered speech which typically begins, “At the end of my speech, I want my audience to .”,Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade,5. Once you decided on your topic, your next job is to decide on which persuasive speech organization you will use. The two most popular

8、 organizational patterns among college professors are: “The Problem-Cause-Solution” and the “Monroes Motivated Sequence” patterns. The Monroe Motivated Sequence has five parts: Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action. With the Monroe Motivated Sequence pattern, the “Attention” will

9、be your introduction. Your three main points will be: (1) Need, (2) Satisfaction, (3) Visualization. Your conclusion will be your call of “Action”.,Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade,6. After you have decided on your organizational pattern, you should always utilize external sources in order to back-up you

10、r central idea and main points. There are three types of supporting material: examples, statistics, and testimony. Also, make sure your material is accurate, recent, and free of bias.,Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade,7. Remember to include all of the following parts in your outline: Attention-getter, est

11、ablishment of ethos, preview of what you will talk about, main points and their sub points, summary in conclusion, memorable ending as well as the transitions you will use to move from topic to topic.,Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade,Remember that each supporting paragraph needs to contain: (1) a topic s

12、entence; (2) supporting sentences with examples, analogies, statistics, testimonies, etc.; (3) transitional sentences at the end of the paragraph; and (4) a coherent and logical structure that allows your audience to effortlessly follow your entire speech and see how your main points (supporting paragraphs) support your thesis/central idea.,Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade,Tips and (4) use visual aids.,Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade,To effectively use someones testimony: (1) only use qualified sources; (2) accurately quote or do justice when you paraphrase; and (3) always identify both the source and