初中二年级语文教案_文言文《湖心亭看雪》

1、湖心亭看雪湖心亭位于杭州西湖之中，据说是宋代整修西湖时，以湖泥堆成小山，成为一岛，是西湖三岛之一，后于山上建成亭阁，叫湖心亭。这是观赏西湖风景的好地方，因此常有文人墨客到此赏景。中国四大名亭- 安徽滁县 醉翁亭湖南长沙 爱晚亭浙江杭州 湖心亭北京先农坛 陶然亭考点1：文学常识张岱，字宗子，又字石公，号陶庵(n)，别号蝶庵居士，明末清初文学家。他出身仕宦世家，少为富贵子弟。清兵南下灭亡了明朝，他入山隐居、著书，他喜游山玩水，在文学、戏剧、音乐方面有很深的修养，主要著作有陶庵梦忆、西湖寻梦，风格流丽清新，写家破人亡之痛，寓情于景，字里行间流露出明亡之后怀旧的伤感情绪。湖心亭看雪张岱崇祯五年十二月，

2、余住西湖。大雪三日，湖中人鸟声俱绝。是日更定，余挐(ro)一小舟，拥毳cu衣炉火，独往湖心亭看雪。雾凇沆砀，天与云与山与水，上下一白。湖上影子，惟长堤一痕、湖心亭一点、与余舟一芥，舟中人两三粒而已。到亭上，有两人铺毡对坐，一童子烧酒，炉正沸。见余大喜，曰：“湖中焉得更有此人！”拉余同饮。余强(qing)饮三大白而别。问其姓氏，是金陵人，客此。及下船，舟子喃喃曰：“莫说相公痴，更有痴似相公者！”【考点2：重点字词句】是：代词，这。更定：指初更以后,晚上八点左右。更：古代夜间计时，一夜分为五更，每更大约两小时。定：开始。挐(ro)：通“桡”，划。【拥毳cu衣炉火】穿着细毛皮衣，带着火炉乘船。毳衣，

3、细毛皮衣。毳，鸟兽的细毛。【雾凇沆砀(hng dng)】雪夜寒气弥漫。雾凇，云、水气；雾，是从天空下罩湖面的云气；凇，是从湖面上蒸发的水汽，这时因为天寒，凝成冰花。沆砀：白气弥漫的样子。沆，形容大水。 一：全、都。【一芥】一棵小草。芥，小草，比喻轻微纤细的事物。 【焉得更有此人】意思是想不到还会有这样的人。焉得，哪能。更，还。 【强(qing)饮】尽力地喝。强：尽力。 【大白】大酒杯。白：古人罚酒时用的酒杯，也泛指一般的酒杯,这里的意思是三杯酒。【客此】客，做客。在此地客居。 【舟子】船夫。【相公】原意是对宰相的尊称，后转为对年轻人的敬称。 【更】还。 【痴似】痴于，痴过。痴，特有的感受，来展

4、示他钟情山水，淡泊孤寂的独特个性，本文为痴迷的意思。考点3：一词多义 是：1是日更定：这2问其姓氏，是金陵人：判断动词，是更：1是日更定：古代夜间的计时单位，音gng2湖中焉得更有此人：还，音gng白：1上下一白：白色2余强饮三大白而别：古时罚酒用的，泛指酒杯。大：1见余大喜：非常2余强饮三大白而别：大余：1余住西湖：我，指作者2江干上下十余里间：多考点4：内容理解(1) 写湖心亭景色的句子及特点？ 2这些景物描写是否运用了大量的形容词加以修饰？有什么特点？ 写作手法： 文字简练朴素，不加渲染，这种写作手法就是白描。 白描是一种描写的方法。原是中国画的一种技法，是指一种不加色彩或很少用色彩，而

5、只用墨线在白底上勾勒物象的画法。作为一种描写方法，是指抓住事物的特征，以质朴的文字，寥廖几笔就勾勒出事物形象的描写方法。 白描用于写人，只需三言两语即可勾画出人物的外貌和神态，使读者如见其人。白描用于写景，只需几笔就可勾勒出一幅鲜明的图画，使人如临其境。白描用于写事，也只要几笔就可使事态毕现，生动形象。 白描手法写人范例:“一个凸颧骨,薄嘴唇,五十岁上下的女人站在我面前,两手搭在髀间,没有系裙,张着两脚,正像一个画图仪器里细脚伶仃的圆规。” 鲁迅故乡中的杨二嫂 白描写景范例，如马致远的天净沙秋思：枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。(2) 点明主旨的句子，如何理解

6、？湖心亭看雪考点总结考点1：张岱的文学常识考点2：重点字词句的翻译考点3：一词多义考点4：白描手法Seasons In The SunGoodbye to you, my trusted friend,weve known each other since we were nine or ten;together weve climbed hills and trees,learned of love and a-b-cs,skinned our hearts and skinned our kneesgoodbye my friend, its hard to die,when all th

7、e birds are singing in the sky;now that the spring is in the air,pretty girls are every where;think of me and Ill be therewe had joy, we had fun,we had seasons in the sun;but the hills that we climbwere just seasons out of timeGoodbye, papa, please pray for me,i was the black sheep of the family;you

8、 tried to teach me right from wrong,too much wine and too much song,wonder how i got along.goodbye, papa, its hard to die,when all the birds are singing in the sky;now that the spring is in the air,little children every where,when youll see them, Ill be there.we had joy, we had fun,we had seasons in

9、 the sun;but the wine and the song,like the seasons have all gonewe had joy, we had fun,we had seasons in the sun;but the wine and the song,like the seasons have all gone goodbye, Michelle, my little one,you gave me love and helped me find the sun;and every time that i was down, you would always com

10、e aroundand get my feet back on the ground.Goodbye, Michelle, its hard to die,when all the birds are singing in the sky;now that the spring is in the air,love the flowers every whereI wish that we could both be there.we had joy, we had fun, we had seasons in the sun;but the hills that we climb were just seasons out of