酸碱中和反应.ppt

1、第1课时 中和反应,课题2 酸和碱的中和反应,授课人：丁杰,学习目标,1.知道酸和碱之间发生的中和反应。 2.了解酸碱性对生命活动和农作物的影响，以及中和反应在实际中的应用。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

2、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.中和反应 （1）酸和碱作用生成 和 的反应叫中和反应。实质是酸溶液中的 和碱溶液中的 结合成水的过程。 （2）盐：由 离子和 离子构成的化合物。,盐,水,H+,OH-,金属,酸根,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

3、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.中和反应在实际中的应用 （1）农业生产中常用 改良土壤的酸性。 （2）工业上常用 来中和硫酸厂的污水，反应的化学方程式为： 。 （3）医疗上用胃舒平Al(OH)3等药物来中和过多的 。,熟石灰,Ca(OH)2,Ca(OH)2+H2SO4=CaSO4+2H2O,胃酸,状元成才路,状元成

4、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,思考：酸和碱能否发生反应？,中和反应,1.

5、在氢氧化钠溶液，滴入几滴酚酞溶液。 2.然后用滴管慢慢滴入稀盐酸，并不断搅拌溶液。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

6、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,红色,红色逐渐消失,无色,？,无色酚酞,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

7、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,思考,其他的酸和碱也能发生类似的反应吗？,如Ca(OH)2+ HCl= NaOH+H2SO4=,CaCl2+2H2O,Na2SO4+2H2O,2,2,NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2O,由金属离子和相应的酸根离子构成的化合物叫做盐。,碱 + 酸 盐 + 水,实质：H+OH- = H2O,知识点2 中和反应在实际中的应用,1.改变土壤的酸碱性：,往田地撒石灰,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

8、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.处理工厂废水：,硫酸厂的污水含有硫酸等杂质，可以用熟石灰进行中和处理。,原理：H2SO4+ Ca(OH)2 = CaSO4 + 2H2O,3.用于医药：,含氢氧化铝药片，助消化,Al(

9、OH)3 + 3HCl=AlCl3 +3H2O,胃液中含盐酸,蚊虫叮咬后可涂氨水止痒,碱性物质可与蚊虫分泌的蚁酸中和,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

10、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.(3)下列方法可以解决生活中的一些问题： 服用含氢氧化铝Al(OH)3的药物可以治疗胃酸过多症，反应的化学方 程式为 。 热水瓶用久后，瓶胆内壁常附着一层水垢主要成分是CaCO3和Mg(OH)2 ,可以用_来洗涤。写出其与Mg(OH)2反应的化学方程式：_。,Al(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O,稀盐酸,Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl=MgCl2 + 2H2O,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,【例】“生活无大事，处处