莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首分析.ppt

1、,莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首,十四行诗介绍 莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首 文体分析,十四行诗介绍,十四行诗(sonnet)：过去也曾音译为商籁诗。十四行，抑扬格，五音步用作全诗的形式。首先出现于意大利，16世纪中传入英国，为伊丽莎白时代(伊丽莎白一世在位时期为1558一1603)文人所宠爱，莎士比亚、斯宾塞及西德尼(sidney)全都写下过著名的十四行诗。18世纪十四行诗曾受到冷落。但后又被浪漫派诗人济慈、华兹华斯等人所复兴，以后许多诗人也多所采用。英国十四行诗有两种类型：意大利式(Petrarvhan)及莎士比业式(Shakesperoan)(英国式)。,SONNET 18 Shall I /co

2、mpare /thee/ to a sum/mers day? Thou art/ more love/ly and /more tem/perate: Rough winds/ do shake/ the dar/ling buds/ of May, And sum/mers lease /hath all/ too short/ a date: Sometime/ too hot /the eye/ of hea/ven shines, And often/ is his/ gold com/plexion dimmed: And eve/ry fair/ from fair /somet

3、ime /declines, By chance/ or na/tures chan/ging course/,untrimmed: But thy /etern/al sum/mer shall /not fade Nor lose /possess/ion of /that fair t/hou owst; Nor shall /Death brag/ thou wan/derst in/ his shade, When in/ eter/nal lines t/o time /thou growst: So long /as men /can breathe /or eyes /can

4、see, So long /lives this/, and this /gives life /to thee.,Phonological level,Omission 头韵(alliteration)是古英语诗歌作品的显著特征， 如第六行和第七行都是以And开头，fair from fair等。 尾韵(end rhyme),第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵。,Phonological level,每行五个音步，抑扬格。 韵脚安排是abab,cdcd,efef,gg 亦即这十四行可分四组，即前四行，中四行，后四行和最后两行。十四行诗的一个特点是它有“起” “承” “转” “合

5、”四部分。,Lexical level,Archaism古体词 thou=you thee=you(宾格） thy=your has=hath,Semantic Diavation,明喻(simile)和设问(rhetoric question) shall I compare thee to a summers day? 暗喻(metaor) And summers lease hath all too short a date 拟人(personification) Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May 双关（pun） And every fair from fair sometime declines,夸张（hyperbole） thy eternal summer Nor shall death brag thou wander st in his shade,总的来说，莎士比亚的这首诗为我们描绘了夏日的璀璨，无论从形式还是内容，从主题方面还是语言方面，都能堪称是诗歌中的精品。,参考文献,秦秀白. 20