宾语从句与定语从句教案

1、龙文教育个性化辅导授课案ggggggggggggangganggang纲 教师 学生： 时间:2012年 月 日 段授课内容： 复习宾语从句与定语从句的用法及其注意的问题 一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定

2、语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2

3、.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my En

4、glish is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如： This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the Engli

5、sh novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was

6、the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b. 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c. 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Thi

7、s is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f. 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which

8、.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a. 先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如： Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：Tom came

9、 back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。【

10、例】Please show me the book _ cover is red . A. who B. whom C. which D. whose【研习】先行词是“the book”表示物，所填的关系词在定语从句中作定语。故选D。That作主语或宾语表示物时，常和which通用。但是在下列几种情况下，只用that，不能用which。、先行词既是表示人又是表示物时；、先行词是all , both ,none , nothing , anything ,everything , much , such等词时；、先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时；、先行词被the very , the only

11、 , any , no等修饰时。三、关系副词的选用关系副词where, when和why引导定语从句时，在定语从句中分别作地点、时间和原因状语，起副词和介词短语的作用。【例】Last summer I went to Lu Xings hometown and visited the house _ he was born.A. that B. there C. which D. where【研习】先行词是“the house”表示地点，所填的关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故选D（where=in which）。【例】We will never forget the day _ we join

12、ed the league .A. where B. why C. when D. which【研习】先行词是“the day”表示时间，所填的关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故选C（when=on which）。【例】This is the reason _ I was late . A. when B. Why C. where D. That【研习】先行词是“the reason”表示原因，所填的关系词在定语从句中作原因状语故选B（why=for which）。中考范例】 1.-Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Ye

13、s, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。 2. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。 3-Where is the scientist _ ga

14、ve us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。4.I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有wh

15、o合适。操练 单项填空。（）1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes， hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom（）2. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one（）3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. That D. it（）4. Can you lend me the

16、dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it（）5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree（）6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. It C. which D.who（）7. The ma

17、n _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that D. of which. （）8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was（）9. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who（）10. The world _ is made up of matter.

18、A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。1. The first thing _ you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _ is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their frie

19、nds.4. The house _ we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _ _I talked with just now？【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A.

20、who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody know

21、s the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. wh

22、ere C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. Th

23、is is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when二. 用关系代词或关系副词

24、将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened

25、 to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.三.

26、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the

27、world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League. 八、宾语从句【考点扫描】1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填

28、空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。【名师精讲】一. 宾语从句的引导词宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。引导的是陈述句。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whos

29、e, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?（介词宾语）He asked whose handwriting was the best. （定 语）Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? （地点状语）I dont know why the train is late. （原因状语）3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思

30、是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：1) 引导主语从句时。例如：Whether he will come to the party is unknown. 2) 引导表语从句时。例如：The question is whether I can pass the exam.3) 后面直接跟不定式时，if则不能。例如：I havent made up my mind whether to go the

31、re or not. 4) 介词后面的宾语从句。如： Were talking about whether well go to Hainan for a holiday . 5) 与or not连用时。如： Id like to know whether hell come or not . 二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。(无论引导的是陈述句,还是疑问句)I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get t

32、o zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?Its said that they have finished the work .e 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过

33、去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：(1). 如果宾语从句动作和主句动作紧接发生,则从句用一般过去时态。. Mr King didnt know when his son came home yesterday evening . (2). 如果宾语从句动作和主句动作同时发生,则从句用过去进行时态。 He said that he was mending his computer . (3). 如果宾语从句动作发生在主句动作之前,则从句用过去完成时态。 They asked me where I had gone during the may Day holiday . (4). 如果宾语从句动作发

34、生在主句动作之后,则从句用一般将来时态。 He said that he would come here on time .3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.【中考范例】1. (2004年北京市中考试题) Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B.

35、 Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序,时态应与主句保持一致，所以应选D。2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题) Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序

36、和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题) I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4. (2004年常州市中考试题) -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he i

37、s B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。 5. The teacher wanted to know _ . A. why was he late for school B. how he can answer this question C. if he could finish them on time D. whether his parents

38、 are strict with him 【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的时态和语序问题。主句是一般过去时态，从句也应该用过去的某种时态。A虽是过去时态，但不是陈述句语序；B，D是陈述句，但不是 过去时态，故只有C是正确的。【满分演练】一. 单项填空11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held 12.

39、 -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after tomorrow, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit13. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what14.

40、 You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether16. -Could you tell me _? -Sorry, I do

41、nt know. I was not at the meeting. A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting17. -Could you tell me _ last night? -Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you a

42、re doing D. what are you doing18. The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted19. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they had h

43、ad B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had20. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when21. The question is _ the film is worth seeing . A. that B. which C. if D. whether22. I knew that the sun _ in the east when I was a child . A. rose B. ri

44、ses C. raise D. raises23. Could you tell me _ ? Im an old friend of his . A. where does Jim live B when will Jim come back C. where Jim has gone D. how is Jim24. Did you hear _ ? A. what did I say B. I said what C. what I said D. what I say 25. Do you know _ ? A. whose book is this B. whose book thi

45、s is C. this book is whose D. whos book this is 26. Do you know what time _ ? A. does the ship leave B. the ship leaves C. does the ship leaves D. is the ship leave 27. Can you tell me _ at that time ? A. what were you doing B. what you were doing C. what are you doing D. what you are doing 28. Do y

46、ou know _ he didnt turn off the light ? A. how B. why C. what D. whether29. Could you tell me _ ? A. what happens B. what was happened C. what is happening D. what did happen30. She said she _ me five letters in one month . A. has written B. will write C. had written D. wrote31. - Mike wants to know

47、 if _ a picnic tomorrow . - Yes. But if it _ , well visit the museum instead .A. you have, will rain B. you will have , will rain C. you will have, rains D. will you have , rains32. - We dont know _ he is . - They say he is much better these days .A. what B. who C. how D. where33. D you know if _ ba

48、ck next week ? If he _ back , please let me know . A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come34. Could you tell me _? A. which room he lives B. which room he lived C. which room did he live in D. which room he lives in35. He asked me _ .A. if she

49、will come B. how many books I want to haveC. if they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me 36. Mike, go and see who _ football on the playground . A. is playing B. plays C. played D. were playing37. Could you tell me _ ? I have something important to tell him . A. where is Li Hong B. where L

50、i Hong is C. where was Li Hong D. where Li Hong has been to38. Mother asked her daughter _ when she grew up . A. what she was B. what she would be C. what would she be D. what was she going to be 39. Did you find out _ ? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose

51、child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for 40. Does he know _ ? A. whats your name B. what name is your C. what your is name D. what your name is 二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。 Li Ming says _ _ interested in playing computer games.2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。 I dont think Mary _ _.3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。 Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？ Could you tell me _ I can get to the Bell Tower?5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。 Father said that he _ _ a ne