美国消防协会NFPA-危害级数编写规定

1、National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)Chemical Hazard Identification SystemThis system is based on the NFPA 704M Hazard Identification system which utilizes a four color diamond label and 0-4 numerical hazard rating. The Diamond has an area for health hazards (blue) and area for flammability ha

2、zards (red), an area for reactivity hazards (yellow), and an area for special hazard notations.Health - Numerical Rating:0 - Minimal hazardMedian Lethal Dose (LD50) Rat, oral 2,000 mg/kg, or Rabbit, skin 2,000 mg/kg, or Rat LC50 inhalation of gas or vapor 10,000 ppm, or mist, fume, or dust 200,000 m

3、g/m3 for one hour.1 - Slightly hazardous; Mild IrritantMedian Lethal Dose (LD50) Rat, oral 500 mg/kg, but 1,000 mg/kg, but 5,000 ppm, but10,000 mg/m3,but 50 mg/kg, but 200 mg/kg, but 3,000 ppm, but2,000 mg/m3,but 5 mg/kg, but 50 mg/kg, but 1,000 ppm, but500 mg/m3,but 2,000 mg/m3 for one hour.4 - Acu

4、tely Toxic. Deadly. Considered a Poison.Median Lethal Dose (LD50) Rat, oral 5 mg/kg, or Rabbit, skin 50 mg/kg, or Rat LC50 inhalation of gas or vapor 1,000 ppm, ormist, fume, or dust 200 F (79.1 C)2 - Flash Point = 100-200 F (37.8-79.1 C)3 - Flash Point = 73-100 F (23-37.8 C) or 100 F (37.8 C)4 - Fl

5、ash Point 73 F (23 C) and Boiling Point 100 F (37.8 C)Reactivity - Numbering Guidelines:0 - Minimal Hazard. Materials that are normally stable and are not water reactive.1 - Slight Hazard. Materials, which can become unstable at elevated temperatures or which may react with water with the release of

6、 some energy, but not violently.2 - Moderate Hazard. Materials, which are normally unstable and readily undergo violent chemical reaction, but which do not detonate. This includes materials, which react violently with water.3 - Serious Hazard. Materials which are of themselves detonable, but which r

7、equire a strong initiating force or which must be heated under confinement or are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at elevated temperatures or which react explosively with water.4 - Severe Hazard. Materials which in themselves can detonate at normal temperature and pressure, including those

8、which are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at normal temperature and pressure.Hazard Code Criteria:If the bottom square is blank, the kit or component contains materials with no special hazards.CA - Carcinogen. This kit contains a reagent which has more than 0.1% of a chemical regarded as a

9、potential or known carcinogen. A material is considered a carcinogen if it either causes cancer in humans, or, because it causes cancer in animals, is considered capable of causing cancer in humans. A material is considered a carcinogen if:1. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) ha

10、s evaluated and found it a carcinogen or potential carcinogen;2. The National Toxicology Programs (NTP) Annual Report on Carcinogens lists it as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen;3. OSHA regulates it as a carcinogen;4. One positive study has been published.CO - Corrosive. One or all of the reagen

11、ts may be considered corrosive. A corrosive is a chemical that causes visible destruction of or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact, or which causes a severe corrosion rate in steel or aluminum.I - Irritant. One or all of the reagents contain a chemica

12、l, which may be irritating to the eyes, skin, and/or upper respiratory tract. An irritant is a non-corrosive material that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact as a function of concentration or duration of exposure. A substance capable of

13、 causing a reversible or irreversible inflammatory effect to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, or lungs.Ox - Oxidizer. The Department of Transportation (DOT) defines an oxidizer or oxidizing material as a substance that yields oxygen readily to cause or enhance the combustion (oxidation) of other materi

14、als.PB - Blood Product. One or all of the reagents has human blood, human blood components, or products made from human blood and should be considered a potential biohazard.T - Toxic. One or all of the reagents in the kit are toxic. Please refer to definitions of health hazard data for further expla

15、nation.S - Sensitizer. The kit contains a substance that on first exposure causes little or no reaction in humans or test animals, but upon repeated exposure may cause a marked response not necessarily limited to the contact site. Skin sensitization is the most common form. Respiratory sensitization to a few chemicals also occurs.W - Water Reactive. This symbol normally has a straight line drawn horizontally through the middle. However, our database can not support this sym