牛津高中英语模块一unit1 Grammar.ppt

1、School life,Grammar attributive clauses,Introduction to attributive clauses,定语从句的含义：在含有主从句的复合句中，用来修饰限制句中的名词或代词的从句就是定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 定语从句的特点：定语从句通常紧跟先行词，如果定语从句和先行词之间被单词，词组，句子隔开，就称为分隔性定语从句。,定语从句的分类： 分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对先行词起到限制的作用，通常与主句紧密相连，译为汉语时译为“的”。 非限制性定语从句是对

2、先行词的附加说明，它和主句往往用逗号分开，译为汉语时定语从句和主句通常构成两个并列句。,定语从句引导词,定语从句引导词,Practice,找出下面句子中的关系代词和定语从句 1. The woman who can speak Russian got the job. 2. The woman whom we saw on the street got the job. 3. As we all know, our school is 9 years old. 4. This is the factory that I visited. 5. His film which won severa

3、l awards was about the life of Gandhi. 6. He is the boy whose English is very good in our class.,关系代词的用法,1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. 2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man

4、 to whom I nodded is Professor Li.,3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books?,4. that 指人/物，作主语，宾语，表语(作

5、宾语可省略） A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man (that) I told you about He is no longer the boy that he used to be . 注意： 首先特别注意，that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能选用that, 另外介词后边也不可用that, 而是跟which。 Is this the library from which you borrow books?,注意点： that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用

6、which。 先行词是最高级形容词或者它前面有最高级形容词的时候 This is the best that has been used against pollution. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. ii. 先行词是序数词，或者它前面有一个序数词的时候,He is the last person (that) I want to see. It is the first American movie of this kind that Ive ever seen.

7、 iii. 主句已有疑问词who或者which的时候Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? iv. 先行词既有人又有物，宜用thatDo you know the things and persons that they are talking about?The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.,v. 先行词是all, much, littl

8、e, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时You should hand in all that you have.We havent got much that we can offer you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.vi. 先行词前面Only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, the same, the very 等词修饰的时候The only thing that we can do is to

9、give you some money.,Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher.Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.vii. 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另外一个宜用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.,that和which在指物时一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用wh

10、ich而不用that在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which, 不宜用that.Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.在限定性定语从句中which和that在指代物的时候常常可以通用，但是有时只宜用which而不用thati. 关系代词前面有介词的时候 This is the hotel in which you will stay.ii. 如果有两个定语从句，其中的一句的关系词是that, 另一句宜用which.,Let me show you the novel that I borrowed fro

11、m the library which was newly open to us. who，that在很多情况下可以通用，但是有些情况只能用who:1.)先行词是one, ones, anyone的时候宜用who.One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.The ones who flatter me dont please me.Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.Anyone who fails to finish the task

12、 given should be criticized.,2. )先行词为those的时候，宜用who为关系代词Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.3. )当先行词有比较长的后置定语的时候I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Ch

13、inese.4. )一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that,另一个则用who.,The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 5.) 在there be 开头的句子中There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.,关系代词whose的用法,whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。当代物的时候，它相当于of which. I saw

14、a woman whose bag was stolen.Ill call a person whose father knows you.Which is the car whose owner you know? (Which is the car the owner of which you know?)Please show me the book whose cover is red. (Please show me the book the cover of which is red),关系代词as的用法,as引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, 结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语。 as 与which引导定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能