(译林版)2019届高考英一轮复习练习：必修5 1 Unit 1知能演练轻松闯关(含解析) .doc

1、课时练1阅读理解提速练 阅读理解A(2018烟台诊断)Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany.“Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents health. Thi

2、s link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，” said Sonja Hilbrand, one of the researchers.The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70. Overall, after accounting for grandparentsage and ge

3、neral state of health, the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren，compared with grandparents who provided no childcare.Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasnt relative. Half of all childless seni

4、ors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began, while nonhelpers lived for four years on average.“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society. Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that kee

5、ps caregivers physically and mentally active，” said Professor Bruno Arpino.Arpino noted, however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working, being in social clubs, or voluntee

6、ring.“Children should take_into_account their parents needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，” he suggested.“It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself, what proper amounts of help means，” Hilbrand said, adding, “As long

7、as you do not feel stressed about the intensity(强度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”【解题导语】德国柏林一项研究发现，祖父母适当地帮忙照顾孙辈比不照顾孙辈的老年人寿命长。1What is the caregiving study based on?AHuman evolutionary history.BDemand of modern society.CSocial contact between

8、relatives.DData on many elderly people.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。故选D项。2In Arpinos opinion, childcare_Ais sure to keep old people away from illnessesBallows old people to live a more meaningful lifeCcreates more job opportunities for old peopleDmakes social activities inacce

9、ssible to old peopleB解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的“Arpinos opinion”定位至文章第五段中的“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society.”可知，看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的，因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的，也就是说，看护小孩可以使他们感觉生活得有意义。故选B项。3What does the underlined part “take into account” in Paragraph 6 p

10、robably mean?ALimit.BIgnore.CFavor.DConsider.D解析：词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities”及下文的“.their parents needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动，所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同

11、意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。由此可猜测，take into account意为“考虑”，与consider意义相近。故选D项。4What does the last paragraph tell us?AGrandparents can do anything in their own interests.BGrandparents should share more social responsibilities.CProper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents.DCaregiving guarantees every gra

12、ndparent a longer life.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity(强度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”可知，只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力，这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。由此可知，适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。故选C项。B(2018石家庄高三模拟)Too Good To Go is a smartphone app

13、 which allows restaurants to sell food that would otherwise be thrown away at discount prices from as little as 2 to a maximum of 3.80, even if the meals are sold from the very finest restaurants in the country. Originally created in Denmark and launched in Brighton and Leeds in June, the service ha

14、s recently been introduced into the United Kingdom by a couple of young entrepreneurs(企业家)Millions of tons of foods are thrown in the trash every year, with restaurants accounting for a large part, so ecoentrepreneurs Chris Wilson and Jamie Crummie came up with the good idea to stop food waste. Usin

15、g Too Good To Go not only helps restaurants save expense, but gives people in need the chance to order fancy dishes at low prices.Too Good To Go is very convenient for users. Restaurants make food available on the Too Good To Go app and website. People can look through the available dishes on the sm

16、artphones, pay for them using a credit card and pick them up at a set time, an hour before closing time.Although Too Good To Go does take a fee from restaurants for each sale, its creators say the end goal is to use it for restaurants to solve their waste management problem, rather than making a pro

17、fit. Wilson claims, “The idea is that restaurants stop producing the extra food so they dont need to throw it away in the trash, and we really want to put ourselves out of business by stopping food waste.”Birmingham has become the latest city where restaurants can reduce food waste to the lowest lim

18、it by working with the Too Good To Go social enterprise app.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Too Good To Go这款手机软件，它可以帮助饭店以较低的价格处理要扔掉的食物，这样既避免了浪费，又给那些需要的人提供了可口的食物。5Where was Too Good To Go originally launched?AIn Denmark. BIn Brighton.CIn Birmingham. DIn the US.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Originally created in Denmark and

19、launched in Brighton and Leeds”可知，这款软件最初是在Denmark创造出来，在Brighton和Leeds发起的，故选B项。6Whats the app intended to do?AMake a profit by selling food on the website.BAllow restaurants to sell food at low prices.CHelp restaurants to deal with leftover food.DCall on restaurants to save food and money.C解析：推理判断题。根

20、据文章第二段中的“.so ecoentrepreneurs Chris Wilson and Jamie Crummie came up with the good idea to stop food waste. but gives people in need the chance to order fancy dishes at low prices.”可知，这款软件的目的是阻止食物浪费，不仅帮助饭店节省费用，而且给那些需要的人提供一个低价品尝好菜的机会，故选C项。 7How did the creators of the app make profits?ABy selling cop

21、ies of the app.BBy taking a fee from buyers.CBy charging restaurants for each sale.DBy getting donations from entrepreneurs.C解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Although Too Good To Go does take a fee from restaurants for each sale”可知，该软件的创造者是通过向饭店的每一单生意收费来赚钱的，因此选C项。8What can we infer from the text?APeople can pay l

22、ess money for a rich meal.BThe app is mainly designed to help the poor.CDishes can be sold to make a lot of profits.DPeople can get their ordered food at home.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Too Good To Go.in the country.”和第二段中的“Using Too Good To Go not only helps restaurants save expense, but gives people in nee

23、d the chance to order fancy dishes at low prices.”可以推知，由于Too Good To Go 软件的出现，人们可以花比较少的钱吃一顿丰盛的饭，故选A项。C(2018湖南长沙高三模拟)A new study by the British government has discovered the mental health of the countrys teenage girls has become worse.The survey, which included 30，000 14yearold students in 2005 and 2

24、014, showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress, up from 34 percent in 2005.British boys stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period，from 17 percent to 15 percent.The reports authors pointed out the “advent of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor

25、for increased stress among teenage British girls.“The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical，cognitive(认知的) and emotional development，” Pam Ramsden, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom, wrote in a recent blog post. “Teenagers interact with people in or

26、der to learn how to become competent(有能力的) adults.In the past，they would engage with parents，teachers and other adults in their community as well as extended family members and friends. Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development.”Throughout adolescence，girls an

27、d boys develop characteristics like confidence and selfcontrol.Since teenage brains have not completely developed，teens dont have the cognitive awareness and impulse(冲动) control to keep from posting inappropriate content.Furthermore，this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous infl

28、uences.“Social media can also feed into girls insecurities about their appearance，” Ramsden said.These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person.However，these images and the messages tied to them gradually become societal standards.【解题导语】一项新研究发现，英国

29、女孩的心理健康状况变得更糟；分析表明，社交媒体时代的到来可能是造成英国女孩心理压力加大的主要因素。9The statistics in the second paragraph show that_Amore and more children in Britain have mental health problemsBfew girls in Britain suffered from psychological stress in 2005Cmore boys in Britain are suffering from mental pressure nowDmore British g

30、irls feel psychologically stressed than boys do nowD解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句可知，调查显示，2014年37%的英国女孩有心理压力，而2005年只有34%；根据第二段的第二句可知，同期调查显示，英国男孩有心理压力的从2005年的17%降到2014年的15%。据此可以判断，英国女孩有心理压力的比男孩多，故D项正确。10Contrary to traditional ways of interaction, social media_Ahelps teenagers develop qualities like confidence a

31、nd selfcontrolBhas many negative effects on girls characteristic developmentCmakes teens aware of potential danger of the inappropriate contentDteaches girls to care about their appearance to meet societal standardsB解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句和最后一段第一句的“Social media can also feed into girls insecurities abou

32、t their appearance” 可知，由于青少年的思想还不成熟，自控能力有限，社交媒体对英国女孩的心理健康和她们对外表美丑的判断产生了消极的影响。故B项正确。11The underlined word “advent” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “_”AarrivalBendCdisappearanceDinventionA解析：词义猜测题。结合该段内容和下文关于传统交流方式和社交媒体的比较可知，报告的作者指出，“社交媒体时代的到来”可能是造成英国女孩心理压力增加的主要因素。据此可知，画线词意为“到来”，故A项正确。D(2018合肥高三调研性检

33、测)In our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted. We only treasure things when they are gone. This is a sad truth of human nature. One day, I found myself as a witness to a similar situation.One evening, I left work and boarded the train. After entering, I noticed

34、something unusual. The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing. I didnt pay much attention and sat down on one of the empty seats. I sensed a funny smell. It wasnt long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me. He was

35、 bleeding from his nose. Why wasnt anyone helping him?His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell. Along with the smell, his eyes were dull, watery, and red. Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had committed a crime. As the train stopped at stations an

36、d more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him. All the seats around him were empty.Suddenly, he began to swear at the people around him. A plainclothes police officer who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man. The office

37、r, not wanting to touch the homeless man, told him his rights and directed him to exit the train. As the officer walked the man out of the train, the homeless man turned around and said “MY HOME！” and started crying.A man doesnt value things until they are gone. If he didnt have a home, at least he

38、had freedom. Now he has neither. No one wants to help someone who wont help himself.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。乘坐火车时，“我”发现了一个流浪汉，他衣衫褴褛，身上散发异味，乘客们避而远之。突然，他开始咒骂他周围的乘客。后来流浪汉被便衣警察带走，他不仅没有家，这一次还失去了自由。12When entering the car, how did the author feel at first?AAnnoyed.BPuzzled.CSad.DCalm.B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，车厢中部有一些空座

39、位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；据此可以判断，“我”感到很困惑，故B项正确。13How did people react to the homeless man?AThey caught him and called the police.BThey covered him with clean clothes.CThey disliked and avoided him.DThey stared at him curiously.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；根据第三段第三句可知，流浪汉偶尔抓挠自己，人们看着他，好像他曾经犯罪了一样；据此

40、可以判断，人们不喜欢他，避免和他接触，故C项正确。14It can be learned that the policeman_Awas very rude to the manBsent the man back to his hometownCforced the man to leave the cityDwent off the train with the manD解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的 可知，警官最后带着这个流浪汉走下了火车，故D项正确。15What does the author think of the homeless man?AHe is a loser

41、of life.BHe is worth our respect.CHe is very funny.DHe is a fearless fighter.A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、第三句可知，如果他没有家，至少他还有自由，如今他两个都没有了。据此可以判断，他是一个生活的失败者，故A项正确。 七选五(2018临沂模拟)College visits are important.1._. Also, before you commit years of your life and thousands of dollars to a school, make sure youre choo

42、sing a place that suits you best. Below are a few tips for getting the most out of your college visit. Explore on your own2_. So try to walk the extra miles and get the complete picture of the campus on your own. When you visit the student center, academic buildings and residence halls, take a few m

43、inutes to read the bulletin boards(告示板). They provide a quick and easy way to see whats happening on campus. Eat in the dining hall and sleep in the dormYou can get a good feel for student life by eating in the dining hall. Is the food good? Are there adequate healthy options? And if its at all poss

44、ible, spend a night at the college. 3._ 4._If you know what you want to study, have a conference with a professor and students in that field. Youll get to observe other students in your field and see how engaged they are in classroom discussion. They will give you an opportunity to see if the major

45、really matches you. 5._Lastly, if youre comparing several schools, be sure to record your feelings during the visit. They may help you carry on further study before making your final decision.AYou cant get the “feel” of a school from any guidebookBFor one, they help demonstrate your interest in a sc

46、hoolCThe trained tour guides will show you a schools selling pointsDMost colleges dont allow visitors to drop in on class unannouncedEVisit a class in your major and talk with a professor and lots of studentsFNothing will give you a better sense of student life than a night in the dormGIf you havent

47、 decided on a major yet, more visits to different major classes are necessary【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。要想了解一所大学，最好能自己在学校逗留一段时间，了解饮食住宿、课外活动，再通过听课来了解下与专业相关的情况等。1B解析：根据文章主旨句“College visits are important.”可知，去校园参观对了解一所大学很重要。结合下文中的“Also”和语境可知，此处指校园参观很重要的原因。B项“一方面它们有助于证实你对一所学校的兴趣”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。2C解析：根据下文中的“extra mile

48、s”和“get the complete picture”可知，你还要独自在校园多走走，靠你自己了解整个校园。由此推知，C项“受过专业培训的导游会向你展示学校的卖点”能引起下文，符合语境。故选C。3F解析：根据本段小标题可知，本段写的是通过在食堂吃东西和在宿舍睡觉来进一步了解学校。结合“spend a night at the college”可知，F项“没有什么比在宿舍睡一个晚上能让你对学生生活有更深的认知了”符合语境。故选F。4E解析：空格处为本段小标题，应是对本段内容的概括。根据本段内容可知，E项“去一个你要学的专业的班级与教授和本专业的学生进行沟通”是对本段的概括。故选E。5G解析：根

49、据上文中的“see if the major really matches you”可知，此处指看看这个专业是不是真的适合你。G项“如果你还决定不了要学的专业，多看看不同专业的课堂(学习)是很有必要的”承接上文，符合语境。故选G。课时练2知识运用板块练 完形填空(2018山西八校第一次联考)One day, while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer, Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed tha

50、t the trees were _1_Like many other parents, mine were hard to _2_ for, so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something theyd _3_I also thought two would be even better.I checked the _4_ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could _5_but all of my siblings(兄弟姐妹) agreed to give

51、 some money to buy the trees.In northern Ohio，you dont plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to _6_ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground _7_We asked my aunt if shed help us with the “_8_”， and she called my parents _9_ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit.The

52、n my sisters and sistersinlaw went into _10_，planning a big holiday turkey dinner.On the _11_ Sunday, we all met at my house and _12_ the trees into a truck.I _13_ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents house，Dad was _14_ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them _15_

53、we were there.When Christmas _16_，of course, we couldnt go to our parents house emptyhanded, so Mom and Dad got _17_ presents that year.Almost half a century later, I _18_ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big, handsome _19_ and remember giving a special _20_ to special people at Chri

54、stmas in October.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。1A.distinctiveBfragrantCexpensiveDprettyD解析：上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive “与众不同的”；fragrant “芳香的”；expensive“贵的”。2A.shopBrepresentCanswerDcareA解析：根据上文的“Like many other parents，mine wer

55、e hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姐妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的，故选shop “购物”。3A.deserveBappreciateCadvertiseDimagineB解析：根据上文的“Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好

56、机会。deserve “值得，应得”；appreciate “感激，欣赏”；advertise “为做广告”；imagine“想象”。4A.resultBnumberCpriceDexpressC解析：根据下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姐妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。5A.affordBexpectCfancyDhandleA解析：参见上题解析。6A.frightenBassistCsurpri

57、seDrewardC解析：从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母一个惊喜(surprise)。7A.warmedBfrozeCsoftenedDdarkenedB解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas”及“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。freeze “结冰”符合语境。soften “变软，软化”。8A.trickBpurchaseCchoiceDdecorationA解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙