2017高考英语二轮复习 专题6 阅读七选五_3

1 专题六 阅读七选五 新高考命题分析 命题 规律 作为浙江新高考的阅读七选五，短文的体裁多为事理说明文，针对某个问题或现象 加以说明，然后提出合理的解决方法、应对措施。文章层次分明，逻辑性强，属于 综合能力考查，有一定难度。 解题 策略 步骤 1 速读全文，提炼主题 快速浏览文章，重点关注要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句、独立成段的句子和文中 带衔接词的句子等，大致了解文章主题，并简要把握文章布局。特别注意段落间的 关系。 步骤 2 边读边做，确定选项 (1)从意思上判断 明确各选项的大意，抓牢各句的关键词和复现词。边读边做题，重点阅读各个空格 前后的句子，圈定线索词，推断 5 个设空处应填句子的意思。然后从选项中寻找匹 配的答案。 (2)从词汇上锁定 衔接词汇 衔接词汇可以反映上下文关系。常见的有：表并列的 and，or，on one hand.on the other hand 等；表转折的 though，instead，otherwise，nevertheless，however 等；表递进的 besides，moreover 等；表因果的 therefore，so 等。 代词 代词用于指代前面提及的名词或形容词。做题时，可通过代词在句中所作的成分和 代词的单复数推断出它指代的成分，巧妙利用这样的指代关系准确而快速地从选项 中找到答案。 疑问词 如果选项中或设空处前出现疑问词，一定要认真研读，因为针对不同疑问词的回答 方式是不一样的。比如对 why 的回答，一般要有 because 等表示原因的词；对 when 的回答，一般要有表示时间的词；对 where 的回答，一般要有表示地点的词； 对 how 的回答，一般要有表示方式或程度的词等。 复现词 英语文章中前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复 使用，因此在解题时，要格外留意某一词语可能以不同的词性、数、格、时态等形 式复现，如 read，reading，reader，readers 等，这是解题时一个很好的判断依 据。 步骤 3 通读复检，确定排除 将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系。研究多余选项，确定排 除理由，最终敲定答案。 模式 1| 设空在段首 考查 要点 (1)小标题或段落主题句：如章首或段首设空，一般考查文章或段落主题。 (2)注释小标题：如在小标题之后接着设空，一般是对小标题加以注释。 (3)段落间的过渡句：如首段之后的段首设空，一般是考查承上启下的过渡语句。 2 1小标题、副标题 考题回放 (2016全国甲卷) 17 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料).18.Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years. AKnow why you garden 思路分析 由该空所在位置可知这是一个小标题。由其后内容“有些人可能认为花 园，有些人关心。然而，还有很多其他原因”可知本段的主题应该是 A 项 “知道你为什么要做园艺工作” 。 2主题句、主要观点 考题回放 (2016北京高考) 75 For the riskseekers，a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. GNew brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 思路分析 由空格后句子 For the riskseekers .while for the rest of us .“对于爱冒险者而对于我们其他人”可断定本段主题为“新的大脑研究表明， 当我们面临紧张局势时，我们的大脑工作方式不同” 。 3段落过渡语句 考题回放 (2016全国丙卷)Everyone knows that fish is good for health.36.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult.37.It just requires a little knowledge. This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 3 38 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.39.Do not buy it. When you have bought a fish and arrive home，youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one. FWhen buying fish，you should first smell it. 思路分析 空格内的句子承上启下，前一段的最后一句说“这篇文章是关于如何轻 松地买鱼和烹饪鱼的” ，下一段介绍的是买鱼时的注意事项。根据空格后的 Fresh fish should smell sweet 可判定选 F，句意为“买鱼时，你应该先闻一闻” 。 A (2016全国乙卷) Secret codes(密码) keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 1 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 2 For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 3 You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book. 4 For example， “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 5 However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently. AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language，some letters are used more than others. 4 COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 本文是一篇说明文。人们用密码来传递信息已有几千年历史。设置密码与破解密码的 斗争也是永久不变的话题。 1D 句间过渡性语句。空格前一句说“人们使用密码已有几千年了” ，空格后又说 “破解密码从不远远落后于设置密码” ，由此语境可知选 D 项“只要有过的密码，人们就试 图破解” 。 2E 前句说有三种密码，空格内应是介绍第一种。由该空的后一句可知，此空选 E(你可以拼写每个单词的首字母来隐藏信息)。 3G 段落主题句，也是段间过渡性语句。前一段作者说有三种主要类型的密码学并 介绍了第一种，根据逻辑关系可推知，本段应介绍第二种。 4F 句间过渡性语句。通过对前面的进一步解释和后面的例证得出正确答案。空格 前说“要读取真正代码的信息，你必须要有一个密码本” ，由 a code book 可锁定 F 项中的 With a code book。F 项“ 有了密码本，你可以写下代表其他单词的单词”符合上下文语 境。 5A 分析语境可知，该空仍然在谈论密码本的事情，由此可锁定 A 项“没有密码本 很难破解密码” ，这与后一句“但是，长期保持密码本的秘密也很难”语意衔接紧密，可确 定为答案。 B (2016长春检测) Happiness is the only true measure of personal success.Making other people happy is the highest expression of success. 6 With that in mind，here are some suggestions that will immediately increase the amount of happiness in your life： 7 If theres any big truth about life，its that it usually lives up to your expectations.Therefore，when you rise from bed，make your first thought：“Something wonderful is going to happen today.” Guess what? Youre 5 probably right. Take time to plan and prioritize(优先处理) The most common source of stress is the thought that youve got too much work to do.Rather than worry about it，pick one thing that will move you closer to your highest goal and purpose in life.Then do that first. Eat high quality food slowly. 8 Even so，at least once a day try to eat something really delicious，like a small chunk of fine cheese or an imported chocolate.Taste it，focus on it and enjoy it. Let go of your results. The big enemy of happiness is worry，which comes from focusing on events that are outside your control.Once youve taken action，theres usually nothing more you can do. 9 End each day with gratitude. Just before you go to bed，write down at least one wonderful thing that happened.It might be something as small as making a child laugh or something as huge as a million dollar deal. 10 AStart each day with expectations. BGive a gift to everyone you meet. CThink about the thing that makes your head hurt. DIts impossible to make others happy if youre not happy. EWhatever it is，be grateful for that day because it will never come again. FSome