中考英语 话题二十三 历史与社会习题1

1 话题二十三话题二十三 历史与社会历史与社会(History(History andand society)society) .完形填空 A A(20162016 河北改编) Many foreigners think Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. Theyre not really bad guests, but because the guesthost _1_ in China is much different than in some western countries, it appears they are not nice guests. And western hosts sometimes _2_ rude in the eyes of Chinese guests. In China, guests are _3_ like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese persons home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to _4_ me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. A guest acts according to the hosts way of doing things. My wifes mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesnt smoke. When I see some of her guests _5_ in her house, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them directly, but I must _6_ that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in _7_ house. At least, you could ask, “Is it OK if I smoke？” But, dont be _8_ if they say， “No, you cant smoke.” In our culture, if they do not _9_ you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude host. Guests in China also have special _10_. Some foreigners may not adapt(适应) to these habits. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so _11_ we visit a Chinese family she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always _12_ in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your house, dont be too surprised if they dont bring you a(n) _13_. In China, you probably wont need to _14_ the guesthost relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If foreigners invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of _15_ you is not what you have expected. (C)1.A.conversation Bgraduation Crelationship Dinformation (B)2.A.taste Blook Csmell Dsound (D)3.A.hardly Bseldom Cgradually Dalmost (A)4.A.bring Bcarry Cincrease Dintroduce (B)5.A.talking Bsmoking Csleeping Deating 2 (A)6.A.realize Bexplain Csuppose Dsupport (C)7.A.your Bour Ctheir Dher (C)8.A.excited Bworried Csurprised Dpatient (B)9.A.choose Ballow Ctell Dwarn (D)10.A.hobbies Bcustoms Crules Dhabits (C)11.A.whoever Bhowever Cwhenever Dwherever (B)12.A.impossible Bnecessary Cresponsible Dhumorous (B)13.A.stamp Bgift Cviolin Danswer (A)14.A.change Bwaste Cthrow Dtrain (C C)15.15.A.praising Bprotecting Ctreating Dreporting 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过列举实例介绍了中外待客方面的差异。 【答案精析】 1C 考查名词辨析。conversation“对话” ；graduation“毕业” ；relationship“关 系” ；information“信息” 。由上文的“Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world”和下文的“much different than in some western countries”可 知是指主人和客人之间的“关系” 。故选 C。 2B 考查动词辨析。taste“尝起来” ；look“看上去” ；smell“闻起来” ；sound“听 起来” 。由“in the eyes of Chinese guests”可知是指“看上去” 。故选 B。 3D 考查副词辨析。hardly“几乎不” ；seldom“很少” ；gradually“逐渐地” ； almost“几乎” 。由下文“Whenever I enter a Chinese persons home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to _4_ me a cup of tea or water.”可知在中国，客人就像上帝一样。故选 D。 4A 考查动词辨析。bring“带来” ；carry“扛；搬” ；increase“增长” ； introduce“介绍” 。由上文“there is always fruit on the table for me”可知是给 “我”端来一杯水或茶。故选 A。 5B 考查动名词辨析。talking“交谈” ；smoking“吸烟” ；sleeping“睡觉” ； eating“吃” 。由上下文语境可知这里是指“吸烟” 。故选 B。 6A 考查动词辨析。realize“意识到” ；explain“解释” ；suppose“猜想” ； support“支持” 。由 but 可知“我”意识到在中国她不能阻止客人在家里吸烟。故选 A。 7C 考查代词辨析。your“你(们)的” ；our “我们的” ；their“她(他)们的” ； her“她的” 。由上文中的“the hosts”可知选 C。 8C 考查形容词辨析。excited“令人兴奋的” ；worried“担心的” ；surprised“惊 奇的” ；patient“耐心的” 。由下文中的“if they say, No, you cant smoke.”可知 是别感到“惊讶” 。故选 C。 9B 考查动词辨析。choose“选择” ；allow “允许” ；tell“告诉” ；warn“警告” 。 由下文“they are not a rude host”可知是指如果他们不“允许”你在家里吸烟。故选 B。 10D 考查名词辨析。hobby“爱好” ；custom“习俗” ；rule“规则” ；habit“习惯” 。 由下句“Some foreigners may not adapt(适应) to these habits.”可知是指“习惯” 。 故选 D。 11C 考查连词辨析。whoever“无论谁” ；however“无论怎样” ；whenever“无论何 时” ；wherever“无论哪里” 。由后半句“she tells me to buy them a gift”可知此空是 指“无论何时” 。故选 C。 12B 考查形容词辨析。impossible“不可能的” ；necessary“必要的” ； 3 responsible“尽责的” ；humorous“幽默的” 。由前半句中的“However”可知在“我”的国 家给主人买礼物并不是很必要的。故选 B。 13B 考查名词辨析。stamp“邮票” ；gift“礼物” ；violin“小提琴” ；answer“答 复” 。由“giving a gift to a host is not always. in my country.”可知是指“礼物” 。故选 B。 14A 考查动词辨析。change“改变” ；waste“浪费” ；throw“扔” ；train“训练” 。 由“because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts”可知在中国没必要“改变”主人和客人之间的关系。故选 A。 15C 考查动名词辨析。praising“表扬” ；protecting“保护” ；treating“款待； 对待” ；reporting“报道” 。由前半句“If foreigners invite you to their house”可知 是指“款待”你。故选 C。 B B 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空。每个词限用 一次。 英国脱欧英国脱欧 already also many or fall bring hope decide sad stay The results of a British referendum(公投) on European Union(EU)membership(欧 盟)came out on June 24. UKs 1 1 decision to leave the EU has left people in great surprise and worry across the world. The impacts(影响) have 2 2 already begun to show. For starters, if not for “Brexit”(脱欧), the English soccer teams lost in the Euro Cup(欧洲杯) on June 28, 2016 might not have been so 3 3 sad. That England was defeated(击败) by Iceland was 4 4 also a joke by some people. The British economy faces 5 5 more challenges. The pound 6 6 falls greatly in a day. London might lose its place as a world financial capital (金融之都). The referendums surprising results also show a great difference in Britain between the oldwho agreed “Brexit” and the youngwho agreed 7 7 to_stay inside the EU. Whats more will “Brexit” 8 8 bring to Britain is still something we dont know. As someone who are outside both Britain and the EU, we cant say such a decision is right 9 9 or wrong. Maybe the only thing we can do is to 1010 hope both of them will move on and bring their people good lives. And the only thing we can be sure is that we have witnessed(见证) something big in history. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了 2016 年发生的一件重要事件英国脱欧。 本文从两方面阐述了短期内脱欧对于英国的影响。从长期来看， “脱欧”的影响还难以预料。 【答案精析】 1decision 由空格前的 UKs 确定要填名词，由所给词及语境可确定填 decide 的名 词形式 decision。 2already 此空在助动词 have 和过去分词 begun 之间，要填副词。从所给的副词 already 和 also 中选择，already 一般用于完成时中，故填 already。 3sad 由空格前的“been”确定此空填形容词作表语。从 sad 和 many 中选择，many 后接复数名词。所以填 sad。 4also 由空格前的“was”和后面的“a joke”可知要填副词，所给副词只剩下 also。故正确答案是 also。 4 5more 由空格后的复数名词 challenges 确定选 many。再由下文“The pound . greatly in a day. London might lose its place as a world financial capital(金融 之都) ”可知英国经济面临更多的挑战。故填 many 的比较级 more。 6falls 此空作谓语，要填动词。从 fall, bring, hope, stay 中选择。再由下句 “London might lose its place as a world financial capital(金融之都) ”可知是指 英镑大幅下跌，选择 fall。主语“The pound”是第三人称单数形式，故填 falls。 7to stay 由 agree to do sth.确定此空填“to动词原形” ，剩下 bring, hope, stay 三个动词。再由 who agreed “Brexit”确定是指留在欧盟内，故填 to stay。 8bring 此空作谓语，要用动词，剩下 bring, hope 两个动词。再由“bring sth. to sb.”确定填 bring。 9or 此空是否定句，空格前后的“right”和“wrong”都是形容词，要用连词 or 连 接两个并列成分。 10hope 由下半句“bring their people good lives”可知是希望他们俩都能继续 前进。故填 hope。 .阅读理解 A A(20162016 无锡改编 ) Clothing(服装) is a language. We can look at traditional clothing to know more about culture. Africa has a long history and a rich culture, and this is shown in traditional dress. The three colorsred, gold and green, are often used in the clothing. The first color represents(代表) the blood of millions of people who fought for freedom; the second, rich resources of the African earth; and the third, the grassland of home. Because clothing has strong social meanings, people are very careful in choosing what to wear. It would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothes, or to dress in the wrong way. For example, in Ghana, a woman should wear her waistband(腰带) differently according to the importance of the social event. Traditional dress also tells us about everyday life. African designs are famous for loose(宽松的) clothing. The temperature there can be very high during the daytime but very low at night, so it requires that the clothes are comfortable for daily life. Today although more and more young people like wearing Western clothes, especially in big cities in Africa, traditional African dress is still quite valuable. This is because it has deep cultural meanings. (B)1.What does the color gold represent? AThe blood of millions of people who fought for freedom. BRich resources of the African earth. 5 CThe grassland of home. DA long history. (C)2.Why are people very careful in choosing what to wear? ABecause they are often careful with everything. BBecause they often wear the wrong clothes. CBecause clothing has strong social meanings. DBecause they often dress in the wrong way. (D)3.What does the underlined word “This” refer to in the last paragraph? AMore and more young people like wearing Western clothes. BAfrican designs are famous for loose clothing. CThe clothes are comfortable for daily life. DTraditional African dress cost a lot of money. (B)4.What would be the best title for the passage? ATraditional customs in Africa BTraditional dress in Africa CFavorite colors in Africa DHow to choose a dress 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。服装是一种语言，人们可以从传统服装中更多地了 解文化。短文首先介绍了非洲的传统服装中的三种颜色的含义，然后介绍了非洲传统服装的 社会含义，最后介绍了从非洲的传统服装可以了解人们的日常生活。 【答案精析】 1B 细节理解题。由第二段第二句“The three colorsred, gold and green, are often used in the clothing.”和第三句中“the second, rich resources of the African earth”可知 gold 代表非洲丰富的资源。故选 B。 2C 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Because clothing has strong social meanings, people are very careful in choosing what to wear.”可确定 C 是原因。 3D 单词指代题。由最后一段第一句中“especially in big cities in Africa, traditional African dress is still quite valuable”可知 This 是指传统非洲衣服很有 价值这件事。故选 D。 4B 标题概括题。通读全文可知文章主要介绍了非洲的传统服饰。故选 B。 B B(20162016 安徽改编 ) 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中，选择 五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。 The olive (橄榄) tree probably first grew in southern Asia. And then it spread to Mediterranean(地中海的) countries about 6，000 years ago. 1 1_F_ The olive tree grows in rocky places and it doesnt need much water. Its fruit can be made into olive oil. People have used olive oil to cook dishes for centuries. 2 2_A_Some ancient cultures believed that it was useful as medicine. In modern times, people still use olive oil both for its tastes and its health advantages. 6 3 3_G_ In ancient Greece, for example, anyone who cut down an olive tree was heavily punished. Winners at the Olympic Games wore wreaths(花环). They were made of olive branches. 4 4_B_ People from Greece built ships so that they could use olive oil for trade. But it was the Romans who grew the olive tree in the rest of southern Europe and northern Africa. 5 5_D_ Many different kinds of olive oil are sold in countries all over the world. ABut they havent only used it for cooking. BSometimes winners were also given a prize of olive oil. CI have sent you healthy vegetables and olive oil. DToday, olive oil is still a very valuable product. EThe olive tree is the symbol of peace and wealth. FSince then, it has been important in Mediterranean peoples lives. GOlive oil has also been an important product in the business and culture of Mediterranean countries. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了橄榄树和橄榄油的发展史，以及它们 在人们生活中的作用。 【答案精析】 1F 由前句“And then it spread to Mediterranean(地中海的) countries about 6，000 years ago.”可知此处应讲橄榄树对地中海的人们产生的影响。由此可确定选项 F 为正确答案。 2A 由后句“Some ancient cultures believed that it was useful as medicine.”可知橄榄油不仅仅用来烹饪食物。故选 A。 3G 由后句“In ancient Greece.”可知此句与地中海国家有关。七个选项中只有 G 项与此有关。故选 G。 4B 由空格前的两句“Winners at the Olympic Games wore wreaths(花环)They were made of olive branches.”可知此空与冠军有关。故选 B。 5D 由最后一句“Many different kinds of olive oil are sold in countries all over the world.”可知此处应介绍橄榄油目前的情况。故选 D。 .补全对话 请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容补上所缺的句子，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整。(每 空一句) A：You must be really excited about leaving for America tomorrow, Li Ping! B：Yeah.1 1_But_Im_a_bit_nervous. A：Nervous about what? B：I dont know many of the customs and manners in the USA. 2 2_Could_you_give_me_some_advice? A：Sure. B：3 3_What_rules_do_they_have_in_America? A：Well, its important to be on time when youre invited for dinner. Americans expect their guests to be on time. B：4 4_Then_how_long_may_I_stay_there? A：Youre not supposed to leave before the meal. Or you seem to have come 7 only for the meal. When your friends seem to be getting tired and running out of things, its time to leave. The next day, call or write a tha