lesson10洗衣妇thewashwoma.ppt

邓旭平 Mike,What happens in this room Stays in this room,The Washwoman,PPT made by 旭平,1. Our home had little contact with Gentiles. But there were the Gentile washwomen who came to the house to fetch our laundry. My story is about one of these. The synonyms for fetch?,bring take fetch get carry 都含“拿”、“带”、“取”的意思,bring 指“从别处把东西或人带来”、“拿来”, 如: He brought a new book with him.他带来一本新书。 take 指“把东西带走或拿走”, 如: Please take the letter to the post office.请把这封信送到邮局去。,get 是常用词,多用于口语, 与fetch 同义, Go and get some water. 去打些水来。 carry 指“随身携带(不说明固定方向)”, 有时含有“负担”的意思, 如: Let me carry the box for you.请让我替你拿这个箱子。 fetch 指“到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来”, 如: She has gone to fetch water.她去打水去了。,2 She was a small woman, old and wrinkled. When she started washing for us, she was already past seventy. Most Jewish women of her age were sickly, weak, broken in body. But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors. Mother would count out to her a bag of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks. She would lift the heavy bag, load it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way home. It must have been a walk of an hour and a half,Sick vs Sickly,Sick 生病的，有病的 恶心，想吐的： a sick feeling in my stomach 晕车，晕船： seasick， airsick， carsick 厌倦： sick of sb/sth, sick of doing sth 变态的 Sickly 多病的 不健壮的，有病容的 令人生厌的，恶心的（尤指太甜或者充斥着虚情假意） （颜色）难看的,Fill in the blank with sick or sickly,Her mothers very _ If you eat too much cream, youll feel _ Im _ to death of all of you! He was a _ child. She looks pale and _ The teacher is a _ freak. You gave me a _ smile. The walls are painted a _ green color.,sick/sickly,Sick,sick,sick/sickly,sick/sickly,sick/sickly,sick/sickly,sickly,But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors 让步状语从句 Adjective+ as sb be动词= though/although sb be动词+ adj 虽然我很丑，但是我很温柔 Ugly/bad-looking/ill-looking as I am, I am gentle/tender. Though/although I am Ugly/bad-looking/ill-looking, I am gentle/tender.,It must have been a walk of an hour and a half. 这段路恐怕要走一个半小时。 must have been：表示主观的推测，不表示肯定。 =I guess it took her an hour and a half to walk home.,情态动词+have+done的用法,一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。,二、 “cant+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？,四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 What has happened to George? I dont know. He may have got lost. 乔治发生了什么事？ 我不知道，他可能迷路了。,六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。 七、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。,八、 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldnt+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。 You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。 十、 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednt+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。 He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。,3 She would bring the laundry back about two weeks later. My mother had never been so pleased with any washwoman. Every piece of laundry was as clean as polished silver. Every piece was neatly ironed. Yet she charged no more than the others. She was a real find. Mother always had her money ready, because it was too far for the old woman to come a second time.,charge,n. （商品和服务所需的）要价，收费：charge for sth We have to make a small charge for refreshments(茶点). 包邮？ Delivery is free of charge. 2. 指控， 控告 He will face a charge of armed robbery(持械抢劫). 主管，掌管，责任：in charge of, take charge of She is in charge of the day-to-day running of the business. He took charge of the farm after his fathers death.,V. 收费，要价： charge sb/sth (+money) for sth 这家餐馆收了我们20美元的晚餐费。 指控，控告： charge sb with sth He was charged with murder. 赋予职责或任务： charge sb with sth The committee has been charged with the development of sport in the region. 委员会已被赋予在该地区发展体育运动的职责。 4. 充电： charge sth 给电池充电？,4 Washing clothes was not easy in those days. The old woman had no tap where she lived, but had to bring in the water from a pump. For the clothes and bedclothes to come out so clean, they had to be scrubbed thoroughly in a washtub, rinsed with washing soda, soaked, boiled in an enormous pot, starched, then ironed. Every piece was handled ten times or more. And the drying! It had to be hung in the attic.,5. She could have begged at the church door or entered a home for the poor and aged. But there was in her a certain pride and love of labor with which many Gentiles have been blessed. The old woman did not want to become a burden, and so bore her burden,6 The woman had a son who was rich. I no longer remember what sort of business he had. He was ashamed of his mother, the washwoman, and never came to see her. Nor did he ever give her any money. The old woman told this without bitterness. One day the son was married. It seemed that he had made a good match. The wedding took place in a church. The son had not invited the old mother to his wedding, but she went to the church and waited at the steps to see her son lead the “young lady“ to the altar.,一些关于结婚的表达,Tie the knot结婚 knot 绳子,Little White Chapel小白教堂 The Little White Wedding Chapel（结婚礼堂）,Wedding Gowns婚纱,Tuxedo男士礼服,/boke/page/r/q/1/r0116e6jjq1.html,Exchange Vows交换誓词,7 The story of the faithless son left a deep impression on my mother. She talked about it for weeks and months. It was an insult not only to the old woman but to all mothers. Mother would argue, “Does it pay to make sacrifices for children? The mother uses up her last strength, and he does not even know the meaning of loyalty,8 That winter was a harsh one. The streets were icy. No matter how much we heated our stove, the windows were covered with frost. The newspapers reported that people were dying of the cold. Coal became dear. The winter had become so severe that parents stopped sending children to school.,die of and die from,表示死的原因，die 后既可接介词 of，也可接 from, 两者的区别是： 一、若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般用介词 of。如：die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病 (心脏病，癌症，发烧等) 二、若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介词 from 。 如： die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故，雷击等),9 On one such day the washwoman, now nearly eighty years old, came to our house. A good deal of laundry had accumulated during the past weeks. Mother gave her a pot of tea to warm herself, as well as some bread. The old woman sat on a kitchen chair trembling and shaking, and warmed her hands against the teapot. Her fingers were rough from work, and perhaps from arthritis, too. Her fingernails were strangely white. These hands spoke of stubbornness of mankind, of the will to work not only as ones strength permits but beyond the limits of ones power,Against 用法小结 prep. 1. 与动词连用 （1）常与push、press、lean、hang、stand 等词连用，表示“紧靠、压 迫”，有时不 必译出。 例如 to push against the door 用力推门 to throw the ball against the wall 用球击墙 （2）常与struggle、fight、turn、speak、rise、act、vote、contend、argue、 strive、testify、discriminate、 offend 、rage、 exclaim、cry out 等连用，表示“反对”或“反抗”。但这类动词中有些可以与介词with连用，意思相近。不过用against 比用with的语气强，着重表示在困难中斗争或反抗的意思。,例如: They were fighting against/with the enemy 他们正在和敌人战斗。 The firm is too small to compete against/with large international companies. 这家公司太小, 难以和国际性大公司竞争。 2. 表示相反，有“逆行，逆方向，对着；跟反方向”的意思 例句: to drive against the traffic (汽车)逆行 against the current 逆流 3. 表示“预防、防备” 例句: We are all taking medicine against the cold.我们都服药以防感冒。 Save money against a rainy day (谚)储蓄金钱, 以备不时之需; 未雨绸缪。,10 The bag was big, bigger than usual. When the woman placed it on her shoulders, it covered her completely. At first she stayed, as though she were about to fall under the load. But an inner stubbornness seemed to call out: No, you may not fall. A donkey may permit himself to fall under his burden, but not a human being, the best of creation,11 She disappeared, and mother sighed and prayed for her. 12 More than two months passed. The frost had gone, and then a new frost had come, a new wave of cold. One evening, while Mother was sitting near the oil lamp mending a shirt, the door opened and a small puff of steam, followed by a gigantic bag, entered the room. I ran toward the old woman and helped her unload her bag. She was even thinner now, more bent. Her head shook from side to side as though she were saying no. She could not utter a clear word, but mumbled something with her sunken mouth and pale lips.,13 After the old woman had recovered somewhat, she told us that she had been ill. Just what her illness was, I cannot remember. She had been so sick that someone called a doctor, and the doctor had sent for a priest. Someone had informed the son, and he had contributed money for a coffin and for the funeral. But God had not yet wanted to take this soul full of pain to Himself. She began to feel better, she became well, and as soon as she was able to stand on her feet once more, she began her washing. Not just ours, hut the wash of several other families, too.,14 “I could not rest easy in my bed because of the wash,“ the old woman explained. “The wash would not let me die.“ 15 “With the help of God you will live to be a hundred and twenty,“said my mother, as a blessing. 16 “God forbid! What good would such a long life be? The work becomes harder and harder. my strength is leaving me. I do not want to be a burden on anyone!“ The old woman crossed herself, and raised her eyes toward heaven,17 Fortunately there was some money in the house and Mother counted out what she owed. Then she left, promising to return in a few weeks for a new load. 18 But she never came back. The wash she had returned was her last effort on this earth. She had been driven by an indomitable will to return the property to its rightful owners, to fulfill the task she had undertaken.,Spare no effort to do sth,19 And now at last her body, which had long been supported only by the force of honesty and duty, had fallen. Her soul passed into those spheres where all holy souls meet, regardless of the roles they played on this earth, in whatever tongue, of whatever religion. I cannot imagine paradise without this Gentile washwoman. I cannot even imagine a world where there is no reward for such effort,Her soul passed into those sphe