专业英语习题单词.doc

1.3 Complex Sentence Analysis1 Machinery design is either to formulate an engineering plan for the satisfaction of a specified need or to solve an engineering problem.机械设计用以阐明满足某种特殊需要的工程计划或解决具体的工程问题。 2 It is important that the designer begins by identifying exactly how he or she will recognize a satisfactory alternative, and how to distinguish between two satisfactory alternatives in order to identify the best.对于设计者来说，一开始就能准确判定出令人满意的设计方案，并能加以区别以选择最好的，这一点很重要。1.4.1Translate the Following ParagraphsThe practice of design can be one of the most exciting and fulfilling activities that an engineer can undertake. There is a strong sense of satisfaction and pride in seeing the results of ones creative efforts emerge into actual products and processes that benefit people. To do design well requires a number of characteristics. 设计是最令人兴奋和满足的工程师可以进行的活动之一。看到一个人的创造性努力的结果出现成实际的产品和流程，造福人民，会有一种强烈的满足感和自豪感，。做设计需要一些特性。2.3 Complex Sentence Analysis1 The motion specific property of mechanism chiefly depends on the relative size between the member, and the character of motion pairs, as well as the mutual disposition method etc. 机构的运动特性主要取决于构件间的相对大小、运动副的性质以及相互配置方式等。 2 The criterion which distinguishes the groups，however，is to be found in the characteristics of the motions of the links然而，区别分类的标准在于连杆装置的运动特性。3 This characteristic makes it possible to represent the locus of any chosen point of a planar mechanism in its true size and shape on a single drawing or figure 有了这一特点，就能够在单个图形或图像上，以实际的尺寸和形状来绘出平面机构的任意选择点的轨迹。22.3 Complex Sentence Analysis1 More recently，with spectacular advancements in the areas of control and communications, the word mechatronics has been adapted as the synergetic integration of three disciplines: mechanics, control and electronics and is aimed at the study of mainly manufacturing machines controlled by electronics.最近随着控制工程和通信领域的迅猛发展，机电一体化这个术语已经用于描述机械工程学、控制工程学和电子学三大学科的集成，其目标主要是研究由电子学所控制的机械产品的制造。2 In engineering terms, what can be made to emerge is a new and previously unattainable set of performance characteristics.在工程上，一个新诞生的术语肯定是新的、以前不具有的一系列性能特征的组合。3 Mechatronics paradigm deals with benchmarking and emerging problems in engineering, science, and technologies which have not been attacked and solved.机电一体化范例是处理工程、科学和技术上出现的还没有破解和解决的基准程序技术和新兴的问题。4 Attempts to design state-of-the-art man-made mechatronics systems and to guarantee the integrated design can be pursued through analysis of complex patterns and paradigms of evolutionary developed biological systems.通过分析复杂的模型和高级的生物系统的范例来设计具有艺术特性的人造的机电一体化系统，并保证这一集成设计能继续深入。23.4 Exercise：Translate the Following Paragraphs Although the robot has always been a fantastic subject and produces scenes in such movies as “Star War”, and even more fantastic kinds are described in science fiction books, we have found that our modern robots even seem to surpass these in reality, capacity, and development. Humanized robots are possible if a demand for them exists. The only reason we do not have more advanced robots is not because they cannot be developed, but because there has not been a need specified for them. As that need becomes obvious, then they will appear in large number.The future development of robotics depends mostly on the young and young-at heart scientists who are less conservative, who have active and imaginative brains and who have not learned to think in terms of “not practical ” or “not possible”. What robots can do around the home, office, factory and other places remains to be “seem” in their brains. These minds will create more wonderful inventions and adaptations than we have ever dreamed of. So let it be that the future of robotics belongs to the young and the young-at heart. 虽然机器人一直是一个梦幻般的主题，如电影“星球大战”中的场景，更美妙的各种科幻小说中描述，我们发现，我们的现代机器人甚至似乎在现实中，产能超过这些，和发展。人性化的机器人是可能的，如果存在对它们的需求。是不是因为他们不能得到发展，但因为没有需要为他们指定的唯一原因，我们没有更先进的机器人。随着这一需求变得明显，那么他们就会大量出现。机器人技术的未来发展主要取决于对年轻人和年轻的心不那么保守的科学家是谁，谁拥有积极的和富有想象力的大脑和那些还没有学会认为“不实用”或“不可能”。机器人可以在家庭，办公室，工厂等地仍是“似乎”在他们的大脑。这些头脑会创造更奇妙的发明和适应，我们都梦想的。因此，让机器人技术的未来属于年轻人和年轻的心。24.3 Complex Sentence Analysis 1 On the home front, firefighters and search-and-rescue workers could toss these robots through windows and let them scoot around to look for trapped victims or sniff out toxic materials.消防队员和搜救人员可以留在大后方，将这些机器人丢进窗内，让它们到处跑，寻找受困的伤者或是嗅出有毒的物质。2 Consequently, their sensors, processing power and physical strength must be distributed among several robots, which must then work in unison. 因此，传感器、处理能力及机械强度必须要分散到几个机器人身上，所以它们必须通力合作。24.4 Exercise：Translate the Following Paragraphs Man has always used augmenters to increase the powers which nature endowed him. A simple stick, made into a lever to extend his reach and enable him to move heavy objects, may have been his first machine. Slingshots helped him kill food animals that were at greater distances. The wheel eased his movement and his burdens over the ground. But those were simple augmenters for simple tasks. Man has made his world much more complex. With the rapid development of science and technology, mans augmenters have become much more sophisticated. They are designed not only to do the work of man, but also to do it in much the same way a man would. Some simply amplify the muscular power of their human operators. The “walking truck”being constructed, for example, is a large device that might better be called a walking horse. A man sits inside, moving his arms and legs to make the “horse” move its own four legs and carry far greater loads than the operator could. Another man, wearing a movable mechanical and electrical framework, lifts 1500 pounds six feet in six seconds.人一直使用augmenters，大自然赋予他的权力增加。一个简单的棒，制成杠杆来扩大他的覆盖范围，使他能够移动重物，可能是他的第一台机器。弹弓帮他杀死食物的动物，在更远的距离。的车轮在地面减轻了他的动作和他的负担。但是，这些简单的augmenters简单的任务。文取得了他的世界要复杂得多。随着科学技术的飞速发展，人的augmenters已变得更为复杂。他们的设计不仅要做好人的工作，但也以同样的方式，一个人会做到这一点的。一些简单的人工操作，放大的肌肉力量。 “走车”正在建设中，例如，是一家大型的设备，可以更好地被称为马的行走。一名男子坐在里面，把他的胳膊和腿，使“马”将自己的四条腿，比运营商可以承载更大的负荷。另一名男子，戴着一个可移动的机械和电气架构，能举起1500磅六英尺6秒。25.4 Exercise：Translate the Following Paragraphs MIT is developing a MEMS-based gas turbine generator. Based on high speed rotating machinery, this l cm diameter by 3 mm thick Sic heat engine is designed to produce 1020 W of electric power while consuming 10 grams/hr of H2. Later versions may produce up to 100 W using hydrocarbon fuels. The combustor is now operating and an 80 W micro-turbine has been fabricated and is being tested. This engine can be considered the first of a new class of MEMS device, power MEMS, which are heat engines operating at power densities similar to those of the best large scale devices made today.The design of the micro-gas turbine generator presents a considerable challenge to all the disciplines involved. However, progress to date has been quite encouraging. The ability to manufacture MEMS-based high speed rotating machinery opens up a host of possibilities including various thermodynamic machines. MIT is also working on a motor-driven micro compressor and a micro-high pressure liquid rocket motor employing turbo pumps. The concept of MEMS-based, high power density heat engines appears extremely attractive and physically realizable.麻省理工学院正在开发一种基于MEMS技术的燃气涡轮发电机。基于高速旋转机械，l厘米直径3毫米厚的碳化硅热机的设计，生产1020 W的电力，同时消耗10克/小时的H2。以后的版本可能会产生高达100 W，使用碳氢燃料。燃烧器操作和80 W的微型涡轮机已经制造完成，正在测试。这台发动机可以被认为是第一个一类新的MEMS器件，功率MEMS热机运行在类似今天做出的最好的大型设备的功率密度。的微型燃气涡轮发电机的设计提出了一个相当大的挑战，所有涉及的学科。然而，迄今取得的进展已经相当令人鼓舞。基于MEMS技术的高速旋转机械的制造能力开辟了一个主机的可能性，包括各种热力学机。麻省理工学院电机驱动的微型压缩机和微型高压液体火箭发动机采用涡轮泵工作。基于MEMS技术，高功率密度，热机的概念，显得非常有吸引力的和物理上可实现的。26.3 Complex Sentence Analysis 1 CIMT is one of the four most important machine tool exhibition in the world. Engineers and managers from all parts of the world flock to Beijing, where they get the abreast of the latest manufacturing technology and promote their new products. CIMT是China International Machine Tool的缩写，代表中国国际机床展览会，是世界4大机床展之一。其他国际机床展览会分别在美国、欧洲和日本举行。首届中国国际机床展览会于1989年在上海举行，以后每两年一届。第七届中国国际机床展览会CIMT2001于2001年4月19日至25日在北京举行。Lesson1machinery n. 总称 机器，机械 trivial adj. 琐细的，平常的，微不足道的 mechanism n. 机构chain n. 链(条)，镣铐，一连串，一系列turbine blade n. 涡轮机叶片crankshaft n. 曲轴propeller n. 推进者, 推进物, 尤指轮船、飞机上的螺旋推进器discard v. 丢弃, 抛弃recognition n. 识别trigger v. 引发, 引起, 触发vague adj. 含糊的, 不清楚的synthesis n. 综合ideation n 构思能力，思维能力，构思过程aggregate adj. 合计的, 集合的prototype n. 样机，原型erroneous adj. 错误的, 不正确的iteration n. 反复competent adj. 有能力的, 胜任的versatile adj. 通用的, 万能的, 多才多艺的Lesson2mechanism n. 机构motion pairs 运动副disposition n. 配置；排列machine frame 机座，机架coordinate n. 坐标motivity member 原动件parameter n. 参变量driven member 从动件free degree 自由度categorize v. 分类category n. 种类，逻辑范畴planar adj. 平面的，平坦的spherical adj. 球的，球形的spatial adj. 空间的loci n. locus的复数形式 点迹Lesson22mechatronics 机电一体化synergetic adj. 协同的，合作的fusion n. 融合Notion n. 概念，想法Interdisciplinary adj. 学科间的paradigm n. 范例benchmark n. 基准，标准evolutionary adj. 发展的，演化的DSP (Digital Signal Processing)数字信号处理IC (Integrated Circuit) 集成电路Consensus n. 一致augment v. 增加，扩大unify v. 成为一体，统一cornerstone n. 基石，基础 Lesson23reprogrammable adj. 可重复编程的，可改编的manipulate v. (熟练地)操作, 使用(机器等), 操纵accommodate v. 供应, 供给, 使适应, 调节, 容纳 Monotonous adj. 单调的, 无变化的end effector n. 终端操作机构Elbow n. 肘wrist n. 手腕, 腕关节stretch out v. 伸出，伸手, 开始大踏步走Cartesian adj. 笛卡儿的cylindrical adj. 圆柱的，圆筒形的，柱面的spherical adj. 球状的，天体的，圆的articulated adj. 铰接的，有关节的gripper n. 抓持器, 夹持器，手爪actuation n. 活动，激励，动作envelope n. 封袋，数包迹，包络线variant n. 变量custom-made adj. 定做的, 订制的payload n. 有效载荷pneumatic adj. 装满空气的, 气动的, 风力的 discrepancy n. 相差, 差异, 矛盾designate v. 指明, 指出, 任命, 指派servocontrol n. 伺服控制, 随动控制tactile adj. 触觉的, 有触觉的Lesson24 SWAT n. Special Weapons and Tactics特警队ventilation n. 通风diminutive adj. 极小的，微型的processing power 处理能力GPS Global Positioning System 全球位置测midget adj. 小型 millibot n. 毫米机器人ultrasonic n. 超声的，超声波 odometry n. 测程法odometer n. 里程计trilateration n. 三边测量 intervention n. 干cantilever n. 悬臂梁military logistics军事后勤学Lesson25micro-processing technology 微加工技术electrostatic adj. 静电的，静电学的micrometer/nanometer technology微/纳米技术flourishing adj. 繁茂的，繁荣的simulative adj. 模拟的，假装的miniaturize vt. 使小型化，使微型化synchronous adj. 同时的，物同步的micro gearing微齿轮micro connecting rod level mechanism微连杆机构micro sliding block mechanism微滑块机构Lesson26opportunity n. 机会Dele