句子结构：简单句,并列句,复合句.ppt

句子结构,英语当中所有的句子按结构可分为三种： 简单句 并列句 复合句,简单句,英语当中最小的句子单位，一般有一个限定动词，一个主语(或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语） Eg. My wallet is missing. 我的钱包掉了。 主语 谓语 但可以用连词and将两个或以上主语或动词合并为一个简单句 Eg. My mother loves rice. I love rice. 合并为 My mother and I love rice. 主语 谓语 We played games yesterday. We laughed yesterday. 合并为 We played games and laughed yesterday. 主语 谓语,简单句5种基本句型,主语+谓语vi. (+状语） eg. He cant fly. My ink has run out. I was sleeping. Wheat grows well all year around in north of China. 主语 谓语 方式状语 时间状语 地点状语 He suffered from hunger and cold. 主语 谓语 介词短语做状语 My head aches heavily., 主语+系动词+表语 常见系动词：be:am/is/are/was/were 感官动词look/seem/appear/sound/taste/smell/touch/feel 趋向动词：get/become/turn/grow/fall/remain/stay/prove eg. I am interested in music. 主 系 表 介词短语 The flowers smell nice. 主 系 表 They have grown stronger than before. 主 系 表 介词短语 Winter turns colder this year. 主 系 表 时间状语 He will become a scientist in the future. 主 系 表 介词短语,主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语,eg. I met an interesting person last year. 主 谓 宾（用定语修饰） 时间状语 Have you read the story about the witch yet? 助动词 主 谓 宾 介词短语 状语 He should look up the new words in the dictionary in advance. 主 谓 宾 介词短语 状语 My friend hasnt called me for a long time. 主 谓 宾 时间状语 They will put up a factory and a premise next year. 主 谓 宾 时间状语,主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 常见跟双宾语的动词：give/ask/bring/offer/send/pay/lend/show/tell/buy 间接宾语可以紧跟动词之后，也可用to后置 eg. She always gives me a surprise.=She always gives a surprise to me. He bought her a laptop.=He bought a laptop to her. 间接宾语可以紧跟动词之后，也可用其他介词后置(for/of ect.) eg. Could you do me a favor?=Could you do a favor for me? He robbed me of a necklace. The doctor cured her of cancer.,主语+谓语+宾语+补语,常见的宾语补足语有：形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、分词,eg. I made my sister angry. 主 谓 宾 补（形容词） They saw a puma running after them. 主 谓 宾 补（现在分词） I heard the window broken. 主 谓 宾 补（过去分词） He considered it an easy question. 主 谓 宾 补（名词） I found him out. 主 谓 宾 补（副词） He feels the yogurt in the fridge. 主 谓 宾 补（介词短语） We noticed him steal the purse. 主 谓 宾 补（省to的不定式）,并列句,将几个简单句连接起来构成并列句，不存在单独的主句和从句；各小句根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列，但各小句同等重要并独立存在。 连接方式： 用分号，两个分句有逻辑关系 eg. We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing. 主 谓 状语 主 谓 宾 用连接副词，后常用逗号 eg. He came to visit me. However, I wasnt there. 连接副词 He wasnt punished. Above all, hes a child. 连接副词 It is very dry. In addition, it hasnt rained for days. 连接副词,用并列连词连接 表示连接：and/not only.but also./neither.nor eg. Its summer and a lot of people swim in the sea Not only did he help me, but also he encouraged me. Neither have I seen her nor has he seen her. 表示转折：but/yet/while/however/still eg. He is from China, but he cannot speak Chinese. I hunt for jobs for months, yet I found nothing. The wife is crying, while the husband is smoking. It is raining heavily, still he wont go home. 表示选择：or/either.or/otherwise eg. Work hard, otherwise youll be sorry. Hurry up, or well miss the train. Either you are mad or I am mad. 表示因果关系：for(原因)/so/therefore eg. The book didnt sell well, for it is not for children. I have no money, so I just had a window shopping. The water runs out, therefore I drank coffee.,主从复合句,由一个主句和一个或以上的从句构成。 主句是主体，通常可独立存在；从句只做一个成分，不能独立存在。,eg. He told me that he would leave. 主句 从句 If you listen to me, youll get over it. 主句 从句 When I heard the news, I was shocked. 主句 从句 I have watered the flowers which were put in the balcony. 主句 从句 She was so excited that she fainted. 主句 从句 从句不能独立成为一个句子，虽然它有主语和谓语。 从句通常由关联词引导，结构是：关联词+主语+谓语,复合句构成方法,用连词将主句和从句连接，引导从句的关联词有以下五类： 从属连词：that（无词义），before（在前），whether（是否），after（在之后），if（假如、是否），since（既然、自从）, because（因为），as/so long as（只要），when（当时候），so that（结果）,疑问代词：who, which, whom, what, whose等。 疑问副词：when, why, where, how 关系代词：who, which, whom, that, whose 关系副词：when, why, where,引导主语从句，宾语从句,引导定语从句,用动词不定式或分词结构,不定式做状语往往表示目的，原因，结果。,目的：Australia considers making a law to deal with aging population. 目的状语 To get a job, he need a PHD. 目的状语 注：当不定式表目的时，相当于in order to 或so as to To find a job, he attended many interviews He attended many interviews in order to find a job.,原因：To be honest, I dont think we have a chance of winning. 常见的这类短语有to be frank 坦白的说， to be exact确切地说，to begin with首先，to make a long story short长话短说等。,结果：He arrived at the station only to find the train had left. only to 表示结果，不放句首。,现在分词： 1. 作后置定语，相当于定语从句 2.作伴随状语 （主语与主干的主语一致） 与主语为主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 The manager acting for the company was in direct relation with the laborers. 后置定语 Playing basketball, Tom saw a stranger. 伴随状语 主句 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 原因状语 Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. 时间状语 Being a child, he cant enter into the interbar 原因状语,分词,分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。 分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。,当主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时，从句中的主语不能省略。 Wheather permitting, we will go camping. 从句主语 现在分词 主句主语 主句中的主语与从句中的主语不一致。从句中的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系。因此，现在分词前不能省略其主语. I feel very excited, this being the first time to won the first. 主句主语 从句主语 现在分词,现在分词主动：doing 被动:being done 过去式:having done 否定：not doing Not knowing her address, I wasnt able to contact her. Having bought our tickets, we went into the theatre. Having been told many times, he still reported the same mistake.,过去分词 1. 作后置定语，相当于定语从句 2. 作伴随状语 与主语呈被动关系表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。,The teacher came into classroom into the lab, followed by some students. 主语 过去分词 Given a chance, I can surprise the world. 过去分词 主语,过去分词的主语与从句的主语不一致，前面也要带上主语。 All things considered, her paper is of great value than yours. 从句主语 过去分词 主句主语,Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. 过去分词做后置定语,现在分词与过去分词的根本区别是主、被动关系。 明白这一道理并不难，最重要的是要养成“分析句子成分寻找逻辑主语判断主被动关系”这一思维定势。,练习： 1. She caught the student _ (cheat) in exams. 2. _(compare) with the ol