自动化专业英语整套课件完整版电子教案最全ppt整本书课件全套教学教程(最新)

1、 自动化专业英语English for Specific Purpose of Automatization目 录I .Mechanical Technology Block(机械技术模块)II . Electronic Technology Block(电子技术模块)III. Electric Control Block(电气控制模块)IV. Automatic Detection Block(自动检测模块)V . Composite Application Block(综合应用模块).Mechanical Technology Block(机械技术模块)Lesson 1 Working D

2、rawings(工作图)Lesson 2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合)Lesson 3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)Lesson 4 Forging(锻造)Lesson 5 Five Basic Machining Techniques(五种基本加工技术)下一页.Mechanical Technology Block(机械技术模块)Lesson 6 Jigs and Fixtures (钻模和夹具)Lesson 7 Hydraulic Power Transmission(液力传输)Lesson 8 Numerically Controlled Machi

3、ne Tools(数控机床)Lesson 9 Turret Lathe Center(转塔式车削中心)Lesson 10 Flexible Manufacturing System(柔性制造系统)上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)Working Drawings(I)During the design process, an engineer records ideas by means of sketches and design drawings of prototypes and their development. Once satisfied with

4、the degree of perfection, the sketches are handed over to the draftsman who takes off the detail and makes working drawings of the whole unit. A set of working drawings for a machine would include detail drawings of the various parts and an assembly drawing showing how these parts are assembled to m

5、ake up the complete machine. 下一页返回Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)Detail drawingsThe detail drawing is used as the main reference in manufacture of individual components. It should contain sufficient information to manufacture the part as well as suitable,fully dimensioned orthographic view of each par

6、t, together with other information that may be required in the manufacturing process. A complete detail drawing should contain at least the following information (not necessarily in order of importance). See Figure 1-1-1.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)1.Sufficient orthographic views of the par

7、t concerned;2. Dimensions and instructional notes;3. Scale used;4. Projection used, for example, first or third angle;5. Drafting standard reference, for example, as 1 100;6. Name or title of drawing;7. Dimensional units which apply;8. Tolerances where necessary;9. Surface finish requirements;下一页返回上

8、一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)10. Special treatments needed;11.Type of material used;12. Names of draftsman, checker, approver, etc.;13. Relevant dates of action by those concerned;14. Zone reference system when necessary;15. Drawing sheet sine;16. Name of company or department as applicable;17. Dr

9、awing sheet reference, for example, sheet 1 to 2.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)New Words and Expressions1. working drawings 工作图2. sketch n.草图，简图3. prototype prautataip n.原型，样机4. development divelapmant n.发展，研制5. perfection n.完成，完美6. draftsman dra:ftsman n.绘图员7. detail di:teil n.零件;细节,详细;详图下一页

10、返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)8. assembly asembli n.装配9. individual individjual adj.个别的10. component kampaunant n.零件，部件11. dimension n.尺寸12. orthographic adj.正交的，正投射的13. view vju: n.视图14. in order of 按照次序下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)15. instrctional adj.指导的，说明的16. projectuion n.投影17. tol

11、erance n.公差18. finish n.光洁度19. approver apruva n.批准者20. relevant relivant adj.有关的，相关的21. zone zaun n.带，范围，区域22. applicable adj.合适的，能应用的下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)NotesOnce satisfied with the degree of perfection, the sketches are handed over to the draftsman who takes off the detail and ma

12、kes working drawings of the whole unit.句中who引导限定性定语从句，修饰the draftsman。takes off意为:复制。译文:当对设计感到完美时，草图就交给绘图员绘制设备的整套工作图。下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)A set of working drawings for a machine would include detail drawings of the various parts and an assembly drawing showing how these parts are ass

13、embled to make up the complete machine.句中showing是现在分词短语作定语，修饰an assembly drawing。how 引导宾语从句。译文:一套机器的工作图包括各个零件的零件图和一张装配图，装配图显示这些零件如何装配成完整的机器。 下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)It should contain sufficient information to manufacture the part as well as suitable,fully dimensioned orthographic view o

14、f each part, together with other information that may be required in the manufacturing process.句中to manufacture the part是不定式短语作目的状语。that引导限定性定语从句，修饰other information 。译文:它应包含制造零件足够的信息，还有各个零件适当的具有完整尺寸的视图以及制造零件所需的其他信息。下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)Working Drawings(II)Assembly drawingsAssembly d

15、rawings are primarily used to show how a number of components are fitted together to make a complete product unit. The term subassembly is commonly applied to a product unit which combines with other subassemblies to make an assembly. For example, an assembly drawing of a motor car engine would show

16、 a number of complete units included on the drawing. Each of these units is referred to as a subassembly of the engine assembly.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)Assembly drawings may be divided into two types depending on the proposed use:1 .General assembly where the main purpose is to identify

17、 the individual components and show their working relationship;2. Working or detailed assembly combined detail and general assembly drawing which provides the function of both types.Features of a general assembly drawing are:1 .Views are selected which show how the parts fit together and indicate ho

18、w the unit may function.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)2. Sectional views are used to eliminate the use of hidden detail lines where possible.3. Dimensions which relate to the function of the unit as a whole are indicated, for example, the maximum and minimum operating heights of the jack.4. I

19、ndividual components are identified by the use of numbers contained in circles, which are connected by leaders to the related parts.5. A parts list relates to the numbers on the drawing and identifies the component.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)6. A revision table is provided to record modifi

20、cations to individual components which may occur from time to time.7. Some assemblies may be so large that it is necessary to draw different views of the assembly on separate sheets.Features of a working assembly drawing are:1 .Only simple assemblies are drawn in this manner as views have to be chos

21、en which show the assembly relationship as well as sufficient dimensional details of individual components to enable their manufacture.下一页返回上一页Lesson1 Working Drawings(工作图)2. It is ideally suited to furniture construction drawings where the assembly views are not complex and details of joints may be

22、 enlarged and shown as partial views.The information provided on a general assembly drawing is somewhat different from that required on a detail drawing. Information on the manufacture of individual parts is not required,for example, surface finish, tolerances or treatments. However, assembly instru

23、ctions are required as dimensions which may be used for installation purposes or which are relevant to the operation of the assembly as a working unit.返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合)Limits of size and toleranceSince it is accepted that it is virtually impossible to manufacture a part without

24、 error, or in the rare event of a part without error, to be able to proclaim it to be perfect (because the measuring instruments are subject to errors), it is necessary to indicate the maximum errors permitted. The draughts man must indicate the largest and smallest sizes that can be permitted witho

25、ut the part functioning incorrectly. The extreme dimensions are called the limits of size,and the difference between them is called the tolerance.The method of indicating, on a drawing, the permitted tolerance depends mainly upon the type of operation involved, but local preference must also be take

26、n into account. 下一页返回Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合)FitsFits are concerned with the relationship between two parts. Consider a shaft and hole combination: if the shaft is larger than the hole, the condition is said to be of interference; and if smaller than the hole, the condition is said to be o

27、f clearance.In order that the precise condition is ensured, the limits of size of both the shaft and the hole must be stipulated.Fits can be classified as follows: clearance fit, interference fit, and transitional fit.Hole-based system and shaft-based system下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合)

28、In order to obtain a range of degrees of clearance, and the degrees of interference, it is necessary to use a wide variation of hole sizes and shaft sizes. For example, a manufacturing company could be making a number of parts, all of a nominal 25 mm diameter, but which all slightly different in act

29、ual limits of size, to suit the actual fit required by each pair of parts. This situation could mean that a large number of drills, reamers, gauges, etc., were required.It is logical that, to reduce this number, a standard hole could be used for each nominal sine, and variation of fit be obtained by

30、 making the mating shaft smaller or larger than the hole.This is known as a hole-based system.下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合)New Words and Expressions1. virtually vaajuali adv.事实上，实质上2. rare rea adj.罕见的，稀有的3. proclaim prakleim vt.宣布，声明，显示4. instrument instrument n.仪器，工具5. permit pamit v.许

31、可，允许，准许6. draughts man 设计人员7. extreme ikstri:m adj.极限的，极端的8. preference prefarans n.偏爱，优先选择9. combination n.组合，配合10. interference intafiarans n.过盈，干涉下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合)11.clearance kliarans n. 间隙12. precise prisais adj.精确的，准确的13. transitional adj.过渡的14. hole-based system 基孔制15

32、. shaft-based system 基轴制16. drill dril n.钻头17. reamer ri:ma n.铰刀18. gauge n.标准尺，规格，量规，量表19. mate meit v.连接，配合20. depend upon 取决于21. a range of 一系列的下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合)NotesSince it is accepted that it is virtually impossible to manufacture a part without error, or in the rare e

33、vent of a part without error, to be able to proclaim it to be perfect (because the measuring instruments are subject to errors), it is necessary to indicate the maximum errors permitted.句中Since it is accepted . it to be perfect为原因状语从句，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。译文:要制造一个没有误差的零件，实际上是不可能的，或者即使偶然造出一个没有

34、误差的零件，但并不表明该零件是绝对正确无误的(因为测量仪器也存在误差)。下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合)由于这一点已得到公认，因此有必要注出最大容许误差。The method of indicating, on a drawing, the permitted tolerance depends mainly upon the type of operation involved, but local preference must also be taken into account.句中indicating是动名词短语;on a draw

35、ing是介词短语作状语;the permitted tolerance是动名词indicating的宾语。译文:在图纸上所标注的容许公差主要取决于所采用的加工方法，但还必需考虑到局部优先的原则。下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合)Dimension MeasurementA machinist is mainly concerned with the measurement of length; that is the distance along a line between two points. It is length that defi

36、nes the sine of most object. Width and depth are simply other names for length. A machinist measures length in the basic units of linear measure such as inches, millimeters, and in advanced metrology wavelengths of light. In addition, the machinist sometimes needs to measure the relationship of one

37、surface to another, which is commonly called angularity. Squareness, which is closely related to angularity, is the measure of deviation from true perpendicularity. 下一页返回上一页Lesson2 Tolerances and Fits(公差与配合)A machinist will measure angularity in the basic units of angular measure, degrees, minutes,

38、and seconds of arc.In addition to the measure of length and angularity, a machinist also needs to measure such things as surface finish, concentricity, straightness, and flatness. He or she also occasionally comes in contact with measurements that involve circularity, sphericity, and alignment. Howe

39、ver, many of these more specialised measurement techniques are in the realm of the inspector or laboratory metrologist and appear infrequently in general machine shop work.返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)Steels can, depending on the amount of alloying elements, be roughly classified into a few gro

40、ups: carbon steels with less than 1%2% alloying elements (micro-alloyed), the widely used plain carbon steels are contained; low-alloy steels (1%5% alloying elements); high-alloy steels (5%30% alloying elements) etc.Plain carbon steels may be grouped under three heads. Low carbon steel (0.05%0.15%C)

41、;medium carbon steel (0.15%0.60%C); and high carbon steel (0.60%1.5%C).Also classification of steels by applications results roughly in two main groups:constructional steels (0.90%C) and tool steels (0.5%2.0%C), while constructional steels may still be subdivided into many groups. 下一页返回Lesson3 Kinds

42、 of Steels(钢的种类)For some special applications, for example, for gears,bearings, springs, shafts etc., the development of the many available steels has been carried out to obtain their functional and applicational properties as well as their manufacturing properties. Because of the alloying elements

43、making alloy steels tougher, stronger, or harder than carbon steels, some alloying elements cause steel to resist corrosion and such steels are called stainless steels. Stainless steels contain a high percentage of chromium. Chromium also makes steels harder. Nickel is used in steel to increase stre

44、ngth and toughness. 下一页返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)Some alloying elements make the grain of steel finer, thus increasing the hardness and strength of steel,because the finer the grain is, the stronger the steel becomes. Heat-resistant steel is made by adding some tungsten and molybdenum, while

45、 manganese increases the wear-resistance of steel. Vanadium steels resist corrosion and can stand shocks and vibration.Tools made of high-speed steel containing tungsten, chromium, vanadium and carbon,may do the work at much higher speeds than carbon tool steels. These steels permit cutting-edge tem

46、peratures in the range 500C600C.下一页返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)New Words and Expressions1. alloy n.合金vt.使成合金;合铸，熔合2. classify vt.把分类3. carbon ka:ban n.碳4. group gru:p vt.把分组(归类)5. application n.应用;运用6. result n.结果7. result in 归于，导致8. subdivide vt.再分;细分9. available aveilabal adj.可获得的;可用的下一页返回上一

47、页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)10. function n.功用11.toughness tnfnis n.韧性12. stainless steinlis adj.不锈的13. percentage n.百分数，百分率14. chromium kraumiam n.铬15. nickel nikal n.镍16. grain grein n.晶粒17. tungsten n.钨18. molybdenum malibdinam n. 钼19. manganese n.锰下一页返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)20. vanadi

48、um vaneidiam n.钒21. alloying element 熔合元素22. plain carbon steel 纯碳钢23. constructional steel 结构钢24. carry out 实现25. stainless steel 不锈钢26. heat resistant 耐热的27. high-speed 高速度的28. cutting-edge 刀刃下一页返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)NotesFor some special applications, for example, for gears, bearings,

49、 springs, shafts etc.，the development of the many available steels has been carried out to obtain their functional and applicational properties as well as their manufacturing properties.句中不定式to obtain为目的状语。译文:对于特殊用途的钢，如齿轮钢、轴承钢、弹簧钢等，许多钢材品种的发展使人们已经能够获得这类钢材的结构特性、使用特性以及工艺特性。下一页返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Stee

50、ls(钢的种类)Because of the alloying elements making alloy steels tougher, stronger, or harder than carbon steels, some alloying elements cause steel to resist corrosion and such steels are called stainless steels.句中Because of为独立分词结构作原因状语。译文:由于含合金元素，合金钢变得比碳钢韧性更好，强度或硬度更高。某些合金元素使钢耐蚀，这样的钢叫作不锈钢。 下一页返回上一页Less

51、on3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)Heat Treatment of SteelMost metallic materials allow phase transformation in the mud state after the shaping process without changing the general geometry, which makes it possible to control the structure and thus the properties within rather wide limits, practical technical

52、 operations, which are associated with such phase transformations, are called heat treatment. There are three main operations in the heat treatment of steel: hardening, tempering, and annealing.下一页返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)The hardening operation consists of heating the steel above its criti

53、cal range and then quenching it, that is rapidly cooling in a suitable medium such as water, brine, oil, or some other liquid. Having been hardened, the metal must be given a tempering treatment which consists of reheating the hardened steel to a temperature below the critical range, holding at this

54、 temperature for sometime and then followed by cooling in water, oil or air.下一页返回上一页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)The critical points or critical temperatures are the temperatures at which a certain change takes place in the physical condition of tile steel. These points are very important because in

55、 order to properly harden a piece of steel, it must be heated to a temperature above the upper critical point. Having known the critical points for certain steel, we can easily control the heat in the furnace. Gas, oil, and electric furnaces are the most commonly used for heat treatingmetals.下一页返回上一

56、页Lesson3 Kinds of Steels(钢的种类)Annealing is the uniform heating of a metal above usual hardening temperatures, followed by very slow cooling. Annealing may be carried out either to soften a piece that is too hard to machine or to remachine a piece that has already been hardened. Annealing also reliev

57、es internal stresses produced by machining.Normalising is to heat the steel slowly to about 30C above its upper critical temperature,then followed by cooling in still air. The process is applied to achieve the best combination of mechanical properties when it is undesirable for the material to be in

58、 the softest possible condition (i.e. full anneals).返回上一页Lesson4 Forging(锻造)Forging means the shaping of metal by a series of hammer blows, or by slow application of pressure. The simplest example is a blacksmiths forging of a hot piece of metal by hammering the workpiece on an anvil. Heavy smiths f

59、orging is fundamentally similar,differing only in the scale of the operation. The workpiece may by an ingot of 100 tonnes and the deforming force provided by a massive forging hammer, but the whole process is controlled by the master smith, who decides each time where, and with what force, the blow

60、should take place. Another form of forging is closed die forging, in which the hammer and anvil possess shaped recesses which effectively form a complete mould. 下一页返回Lesson4 Forging(锻造)The hot metal wokpiece is caused to flow, under pressure, into the die cavity to produce the desired shape.Forging