2023届高三英语阅读拓展训练6：土楼（含解析）

高中英语阅读拓展训练6：土楼阅读训练：阅读短文，从题中所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。TulouTulou,aspecialresidentialarchitectureofFujianProvince,wasincludedontheUNESCO'sWorldHeritageListduringthe32ndsessionoftheWorldHeritageCommitteeinQuebec,Canada.Inthefourthcentury,HanChineselivingintheCentralPlainsareabegantomigrate(迁移)south,graduallygatheringinFujianandformingtheHakkacommunities.Asadefenceagainstenemies,theHakkaschosetoliveincompact(紧凑的)communities,andthetulouwastheirpreferredhouses.TensofthousandsofsuchearthenstructureswereconstructedinFujianProvince.Mosttulousaretobefoundinthevalleys,surroundedbyhighmountains,andsomeareinthedepthsofthegreatmountains.Mostarethreetofourstoreyshigh,andlooklikecircularblockhouses(堡垒).Roomsonthefirstfloorareusedaskitchens,roomsonthesecondfloorareusedasbarns(谷仓),androomsonthethirdandfourthfloorsareforbedroomsandlivingrooms.Fordefensivepurposes,theroomsonthefirstfloorhavenowindows.Rawmaterialsforthetulouwereobtainedlocally.Theirmainbuildingmaterialwasamixtureofclay,sand,limeandwater,andeggwhites,brownsugarandricewaterwereaddedasadhesiveagents(黏合剂).Itwasthenmixedtoformthewalls.Oncetheydried,thewallsweresohardthatdrivinganailintothemwouldhavebeendifficult.Firbranches,whichareextremelystronganddonotrot,wereusedtostrengthenthem,andmanycenturieslatertheyhaveremainedtheiroriginallook.Tulousarelocatedinaregionwhereearthquakeshappenfrequently,andtheircircularconstructionhelpsthemresisttheregularshocks.TheprovendesigneveninspiredonefamousPeruvianarchitect,whopaidseveralvisitstoYongding,tobuildatuloubackhome.Notlongafter,anearthquakestruckonly10kilometersaway,andwhileallthehousesaroundtheearthenbuildingfelldown,histulouremained.1.Fromthepassage,weknowthattulou________.A.isaspecialresidentialarchitectureofHanChineseinFujianeventodayB.wasoncetheplacewheretheHakkaschosetolivetogetherC.isalsomodernpeople'spreferredhousesD.lookslikecircularblockhousesbuteasytofalldownintheearthquake2.Fromthethirdparagraph,wecaninferthat________.A.mosttulousaretobefoundinurbanareaB.HakkasmightliveanorganizedandharmoniouslifeC.peoplelivedonthesecondfloorinthetulouD.nowindowsareonthefirstfloortokeepthetuloustrong3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.HakkasbuilttulouswhentheylivedintheCentralPlainsarea.B.Rawmaterialsforthetulouwereobtainedfromfaraway.C.Itisdifficulttodigaholeintothewallsofthetulou.D.Firbranchesmayhelpthemresisttheregularshocks.4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.OneofUNESCO'sWorldHeritageListB.TheFunctionofTulousC.YongdingCountyandtheHakkasD.TheSpecialEarthenArchitectureofFujian变式训练1：语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式并说明原因。TulouTulou,aspecialresidentialarchitectureofFujianProvince,wasincludedontheUNESCO'sWorldHeritageListduringthe32ndsessionoftheWorldHeritageCommitteeinQuebec,Canada.Inthefourthcentury,HanChinese1.________(live)intheCentralPlainsareabegantomigrate(迁移)south,2.________(gradual)gatheringinFujianandformingtheHakkacommunities.Asadefenceagainstenemies,theHakkas3.________(choose)toliveincompact(紧凑的)communities,andthetulouwastheirpreferredhouses.Tensofthousandsofsuchearthenstructures4.________(construct)inFujianProvince.Mosttulousaretobefoundinthevalleys,5.________(surround)byhighmountains,andsomeareinthedepthsofthegreatmountains.Mostarethreetofourstoreyshigh,andlooklikecircularblockhouses(堡垒).Roomsonthefirstfloorareused6.________kitchens,roomsonthesecondfloorareusedasbarns(谷仓),androomsonthethirdandfourthfloorsareforbedroomsandlivingrooms.For7.________(defense)purposes,theroomsonthefirstfloorhavenowindows.Rawmaterialsforthetulouwereobtainedlocally.Theirmainbuildingmaterialwasa8.________(mix)ofclay,sand,limeandwater,andeggwhites,brownsugarandricewaterwereaddedasadhesiveagents(黏合剂).Itwasthenmixedtoformthewalls.Oncetheydried,thewallsweresohard9.________drivinganailintothemwouldhavebeendifficult.Firbranches,10.________areextremelystronganddonotrot,wereusedto11.________(strong)them,andmanycenturieslatertheyhaveremainedtheiroriginallook.Tulousarelocatedinaregion12.________earthquakeshappenfrequently,andtheircircularconstructionhelpsthemresisttheregularshocks.TheprovendesigneveninspiredonefamousPeruvianarchitect,13.________paidseveralvisitstoYongding,tobuildatuloubackhome.Notlongafter,anearthquake14.________(strike)only10kilometersaway,andwhileallthehousesaroundtheearthenbuilding15.________(fall)down,histulouremained.变式训练2：翻译句子1.在四世纪时，居住在中原地区的汉族人开始向南迁移，逐渐聚集在福建，形成客家社群。2.数以万计的这种土制结构在福建省建成。3.大部分的土楼位于山谷中，周围都是高山，有些在大山深处。4.杉树的枝条非常强壮，不会腐烂，可以对土楼起到加固的作用。5.土楼位于地震频发地区，它们的圆形构造有助于抗击频繁的震动。语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了福建特殊的住宅建筑——土楼。参考译文：土楼土楼是福建省一种特别的住宅建筑，在加拿大魁北克举行的第三十二届世界遗产委员会上，被列入联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》。在四世纪时，居住在中原地区的汉族人开始向南迁移，逐渐聚集在福建，形成客家社群。为防御敌人，客家人选择住在紧凑的社区里，土楼是他们首选的房子。数以万计的这种土制结构在福建省建成。大部分的土楼位于山谷中，周围都是高山，有些在大山深处。大多数有三、四层楼高，看起来像圆形碉堡。一楼的房间用作厨房，二楼的房间用作谷仓，三楼和四楼的房间是卧室和起居室。出于防御目的，一楼的房间没有窗户。土楼的原料可以就地取材。它们的主要建筑材料是黏土、沙子、石灰和水的混合物，并加入蛋清、红糖和米汤作为黏合剂，然后把它混合砌成墙。一旦它们干了，墙就变得如此地坚硬，以至于人们很难将钉子钉进土墙。杉树的枝条非常强壮，不会腐烂，可以对土楼起到加固的作用，许多世纪以后它们也仍然保持原来的样子。土楼位于地震频发地区，它们的圆形构造有助于抗击频繁的震动。这个经过验证的设计甚至启发了一位著名的秘鲁建筑师，他几次访问永定，回家后也建造了一个土楼。不久之后，10公里外发生了一场地震，周围的房屋都倒塌了，他的土楼却岿然不倒。词汇积累：阅读训练参考答案：1.B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话“Asadefenceagainstenemies,theHakkaschosetoliveincompactcommunities,andthetulouwastheirpreferredhouses.”可知，为了防御敌人，客家人选择共同居住在土楼里。故答案为B。2.B推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话“Mosttulousaretobefoundinthevalleys，surroundedbyhighmountains，andsomeareinthedepthsofthegreatmountains.”可知，土楼主要是建在四面环山的山谷里，有些是建在深山里，可排除选项A；根据第三句“…roomsonthethirdandfourthfloorsareforbedroomsandlivingrooms.”可知，第