电动汽车对电网运行的影响研究

分类号：TG434.1 密级：UDC：621.8 学校代码：11065硕 士 学 位 论 文电动汽车对电网运行的影响研究指 导 教 师 （教授）学 科 专 业 名 称 电力系统及其自动化论 文 提 交 日 期 2013 年 5 月 25 日论 文 答 辩 日 期 2013 年 6 月 1 日答 辩 委 员 会 主 席 高级工程师摘要电动汽车具有环保、节能、清洁等优点，因此发展电动汽车成为解决环境和能源问题的主要途径，电动汽车的使用必然对电网造成复杂的影响，影响到电力系统的正常运行，因此研究电动汽车对电网运行的影响具有十分重要的意义。本文研究了电动汽车充电站对电网的谐波影响和电动汽车对电力系统机组组合的影响，研究内容包括：1）研究电动汽车充电站对电网的谐波影响。首先从谐波理论入手，分析单台电动汽车充电机向电网注入谐波的特点，分析得出充电机主要产生 5、7、11、13等高次谐波，还在理论上分析多台充电机组成充电站产生谐波的特点；然后使用Matlab/Simulink 软件建立单台充电机的仿真模型和由 5 台充电机组成充电站的仿真模型，通过模型的仿真得到仿真结果，由仿真结果总结出充电机和充电站谐波变化的特点和规律；最后根据分析和仿真结果制定合理的充电站谐波治理方案。2）研究电动汽车充放电对电力系统机组组合的影响。构造含电动汽车的电力系统机组组合的数学模型，采用改进粒子群算法和优先顺序法对数学模型进行求解。改进粒子群算法是通过动态调整惯性权重和学习因子对基本粒子群算法进行改进，提高了算法的优化效果；根据粒子群算法多维空间搜索能力不强的缺陷，采用了优先顺序法对机组出力进行排序。在算例仿真中，分别对不含电动汽车的 10 机组系统、电动汽车自由性充放电的 10 机组系统、电动汽车限制性充放电的 10 机组系统进行了机组组合仿真，通过仿真结果对比分析，验证了数学建模的合理性和求解策略的正确性，证明了电动汽车对电力系统机组组合具有积极影响。关键词：电动汽车 谐波 机组组合 粒子群算法AbstractAs Electric vehicles have the advantages of environmental protection, energy saving, clean, etc., the development of electric vehicles has been a main way to solve environmental and energy issues, the using of electric vehicles will certainly lead to a complicated impact on the grid, and affect the normal operation of power system, so the study of electric vehicles on the grid operation has a very important significance. This paper studies on the harmonic effect which is produced by the electric vehicle charging station to the grid and the influence of electric vehicles to the power system unit commitment, the study includes:Study the harmonic effect of the electric vehicle charging station on the grid. firstly, the harmonic theory, analyzing the characteristics of a electric vehicle charger harmonics which are injected to the grid, the result of the analysis is that the charger mainly produces the 5,7,11,13 high harmonic, and theoretically analyzing the characteristics of harmonic which is produced by charging stations composed of more than one charger; then using the Matlab/Simulink software to establish the simulation model of a single charger and a simulation model of charging station which are composed of five chargers, and getting the results from the simulation of the simulation model, and summed up the characteristics and regular patterns of the harmonic which are produced by the charger and the charging station by the simulation result; Finally, made up a reasonable control plan of harmonic of charging station according to the analysis of simulation results.Study the influence of charging and discharging power of electric vehicles to the power system unit commitment. Construct a mathematical model of power system unit combination that containing the electric vehicles, and solving the mathematical model by the priority list method and the improved particle swarm optimization. The improved particle swarm optimization improves the basic particle swarm optimization by adjusting heavy inertia weight and learning factor, and improve the effect of optimization of algorithm; according to particle swarm algorithm is lack of search capability in multi-dimensional spatial, using the priority list method to sequence the unit output. In the example simulation, respectively simulating the 10 generating units system excluding electric vehicles and the 10 generating units system including electric vehicles which are charged and discharged freely and the 10 generating units system including electric vehicles which are charged and discharged limitly, by comparing and analyzing the simulation results, verifying the rationality of the mathematical model and the correctness of the solving strategy, and proving the positive impact which is made by electric vehicles to the power system unit commitment.Key Words: Electric Vehicles; Harmonic; Unit Commitment; PSO Optimization目录摘要 .iAbstract.ii第一章 绪论 .11.1 课题研究背景和意义 .11.2 电动汽车发展现状 .31.2.1 国内电动汽车发展现状 .31.2.2 国外电动汽车发展现状 .41.2.3 电动汽车充电站发展现状 .41.3 电动汽车接入对电网运行的影响研究现状 .61.3.1 国外研究现状 .61.3.2 国内研究现状 .71.4 本文主要的研究工作 .7第二章 电动汽车充电站接入对电网的谐波影响 .92.1 谐波对电力系统的影响 .92.2 电动汽车接入对电网的谐波影响理论分析 .102.2.1 谐波分析 .102.2.2 电动汽车充电机谐波理论分析 .112.2.3 电动汽车充电站谐波理论分析 .142.3 充电站仿真分析 .152.3.1 仿真软件选择 .152.3.2 单台充电机仿真模型 .152.3.3 单台充电机谐波仿真结果分析 .192.3.4 充电站仿真模型 .232.3.5 充电站谐波仿真结果分析 .242.4 充电站谐波抑制措施 .302.5 本章小结 .31第三章 电动汽车接入对电力系统机组组合的影响 .323.1 含电动汽车的电力系统机组组合数学模型 .323.1.1 目标函数 .323.1.2 约束条件 .343.2 含电动汽车的电力系统机组组合数学模型的求解策略 .363.2.1 粒子群优化算法基本原理 .363.2.2