2014年8月gmat语法机经(1)

2014 年 8 月 GMAT 语法机经(1) 1. such as/like “记得有一题是这样的 A such.as B such as C like .(加一长串描述性文字) (选项顺序不一定对，就是考的这个知识点。我好像选的是 such as 的那个。不 好意思失忆了。) 知识点链接 Like vs. Such as Example of the “mistake“ that we make in everyday speech: Can you buy me some fruit like oranges or grapefruit? How the GMAT Official Guide would explain this mistake: Using like in this answer choice mistakenly suggests that the utterer of the request does in fact not want oranges or grapefruit, but rather some other kind of fruit that is similar to oranges or grapefruit. In normal English: In GMAT, “like” means “similar to”, and “such as” means “for example”. Take a look at these examples: Can you buy me some fruit like oranges or grapefruit? This sentence would mean that you do NOT want oranges or grapefruit; instead, youd prefer some fruit similar to oranges and grapefruit. For example, you may want pomelo, lemons, or limes. Yes, I know this sounds a little crazy, but our goal is to understand what GMAT is looking for, not what is “correct“ English. Can you buy me some fruit such as oranges or grapefruit? Yes, this is what were supposed to say in GMAT - oranges and grapefruit are examples of the type of fruit we want. prep08 语法笔记 170 题解析 such as 的两种形式： A such as B, such A as B such as 的用法： such as + 具体名词(n1 and n2 或 doing n1 and doing n2;)表示举例 such as + noun/ doing/ what 从句/介词短语 错误表达： such as + there/they/these 错 ，必须是具体的东西，不能加代词 such as + to do 错 such as + 句子 错 such as + when 错。 X1, X2, X3 such as these 错，such as 要放在列举之前。 2. not only, but also 【v1】“not only, but also 【v2】 “一题语法考的是 Not only。But also。的倒装形式用法，同时里面还涉及到 比较级的知识点。大概是说：As the xx-est(一个形容词的最高级 ) planet in the solar system, Jupiter，not only is it xx-er(一个形容词的比较级 ) than Saturn, the second largest planet in the solar system, but has xxx(这里大概是说 Jupiter 有最多的卫星数目， 其中有四颗卫星非常著名) 中括号里的是划线部分，我记得这题难选在 not only.but also.如何进行倒装。” 知识点链接 除了最基础的平行结构之外，not only.but also 还有许多变体 资料来自 prep08 语法笔记 205. (T-9-Q15)&197. (GWD-8-Q20)题后补充材料 not only .but also 表示并列，不能表示转折，不要有先入为主的感觉认为 not only.but also 必须一起出现。单独出现 but also 是可能的，此时表示的是转折。But/but also 表示的是转折 Not onlybut (also)表示的关系是递进 , 其中 also 可以省略. (1)在正常语序中: not only but also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。 最权威的国际教育服务平台 资料来源：教育优选 / 在正常语序中: 短语本身不可以加入其它成份，比如变成：not only.but it also.是错 误的(因为破坏了平衡)。 (2) not only but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和 数的一致。 (3) not only but also 不能用在否定句中。 (4) not only but also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的 主语和谓语要部分倒装。 3.“A is a island, along road, . 类似于 OG 上 commitmant manager likely mistake 的感觉，考整体句法和逻辑。” 知识点链接 100. Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear. (A) Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear. (B) An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear. (C) An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past. (D) Executives being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear. (E) Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear. 残 4.“一个留在美国的日本式遗迹，日本遗迹是 200 多年，唯一. ” 残 5.“J.p is a dancer, who” 6. require sb to do (记得要看整体结构，句意的) 知识点链接 Prep08 语法笔记 204. (GWD-8-Q23) Require 的固定搭配： (几个正确表达的优先级是一样的) (1) Require sb./sth. to do sth. (不定式可用被动形式) Require sb. doing 错误 (2) Require (of sb.) that + 原 v 需要某人做某事 (要求,命令(+of)O2+that) 大全 475. Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men. (3) N. is required (of sb./sth.) to do sth. 某物对某人做某事来说是必须的 或 N. required of sb./sth. to do. (其中 required 是过去分词) 大全 166. Because of the enormous research and development expenditures required of firms to survive in the electronics industry, an industry marked by rapid innovation and volatile demand, such firms tend to be very large. Windmaple 的例句：This leaves open an “in-between“ position: The efforts required of someone to prevent the consequences of his non-negligent act could be greater than what would be required of any bystander, but not as great as would be required to avoid an act than is known to cause the harmful consequences. (4) require doing (require 主动表被动含义)：如 A require making known to B. A 需要 被 B 知道 *: GMAT 中出现过的错误表达： Require of sb. to do (require of sb.后应该加 that，只有 require sb.和 sth. is required of sb.后面才是加 to do 的) Require sb. that (require 若和 that 搭配，则跟 sb.之间要有 of) Require sb. doing错误 最权威的国际教育服务平台 资料来源：教育优选 / 7.有道语法，区别 should 和 ought to 的用法，还有 demand 和 request 貌似是. 楼主可以确定 should 和 ought to 但 demand 和另外一个词不怎么确定，楼主确定考 的是两个相同意义词汇的不同用法，我从来没遇到过这种题。 好像也从来没遇到过区别 should 和 ought to 的用法 关于 damand 和 reqest,曼哈顿 5 版时态语态那一章有关于 demand 和 request 作为 command subjunctive 的固定搭配，在 114 页。 这条狗有点残，狗主也回忆不起来了，大家把相关的知识点都回忆一下吧。 9. “than other do” 应该考的是比较，prep08 笔记里有一个比较总结超棒! 知识点链接 比较之庖丁解牛 对主谓宾全的句型 主语比较： A do sth than B do.(AB 为对等名词，加 do 是为了显示这是一个可以发出 动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比) 介宾比较： A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.(C1C2，D1D2 对等名词) 宾语比较： A do C1 than C2.(C1C2 为对等名词) 状语比较： A do sth than usual/everbefore/people expected(直接加状语) ETS 就这几下子，原则就是清楚地指示什么跟什么比。 按照这个原理，对下一种句型只有主谓，没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有 主语比较，因而不需要重复 do 来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下： I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别 I eat apple faster than you do 如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按 ETS 的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃 你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。 AS 族的比较大同小异，as 可单独引导比较，也可以复合成 as many as, as hard as 等形式，但 ETS 宗旨不变，如 Sand road costs twice as many to build as to manintain(类似于介宾比较) Sand road costs twice as many to build as stone road do(主语比较,) Sand road costs the govement twice as many to build as the residents.(宾语比较) ETS 考过 AS 比较的习惯用法 (不受上述限制，如下) AS poor as they are, they can not afford a car. They have 800million students, as many as have enrolled in our school. (注意以上都是用逗号隔开的句子，AS 在这里的作用更类似连词，连接一个主句和一 个从句) 注意 AS 有时不表比较的如 as you work hard, you will pass the exam.表原因了。 There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型 OG89 There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as there were four years ago(主语比较) There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as DVD player(宾 语比较) There is one PC fo