形式主语的使用

一、引言 在看学生的雅思写作文章过程中，总会看到这样的文字，“college graduates are difficult to find jobs”，“parents realise the needs of their children is extremely important”，“students cannot focus on their study because of tiredness is a fact”，“Clearly, rush hours emerges in the early morning as well as early evening which is most busy in a day as a whole in London.” 这几 个句子，虽然长短不一，结构不同，话题各异，但是，学生对形式主语 it 的驾驭能力的欠 缺，是可见一斑的。 二、形式主语 （一）什么是形式主语 作为形式主语的 it 并无实际语义，是为满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻，它代替的 是句子的逻辑主语。 （二）形式主语 it 所在的句型类别 1、作不定式的形式主语 （1）句型 It is + a pity/a pleasure + to do sth. It is + wrong/right/wise/cruel/naughty/selfish + of sb. + to do sth. It is + necessary/hard/important/difficult/possible/common + for sb. + to do sth. （2）雅思范文写作实例 A. Beyond this, it is also of paramount importance to use theaters and museums as the “social classroom” of culture and history education. B. I think it is by no means pointless, in any way, to try to keep traditions alive with technology. (Cambridge 3, P162, Task 2) C. It is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether children working is “wrong” or “valuable”. (Cambridge 3, P164, Task 2) D. , it is important to remember that children need to develop skills other than intellectual ones, and (Cambridge 3, P168, Task 2) E. Finally, I think that it is also important to remember that children need to relax as well as work, (Cambridge 3, P168, Task 2) F. Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give ang definition that is true for everyone. (Cambridge 4, P165, Task 2) G. It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break for studying after graduation from high school. (Cambridge 5, P165, Task 2) H. They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do sth completely different from from a university course. (Cambridge 5, P165, Task 2) 据本人统计，剑桥官方的雅思真题（剑 3剑 8）几乎每一篇 Task2 考官范文中，都有所使 用，甚至在有的文章中出现三次之多。 （3）学生写作实例 实例 1：Many people, if not most, are strong believer in the claim that regard children go to work as completely wrong,while others hold the opposite opinion. 修改建议：it is completely wrong for children to go to work. 实例 2：They have to complete their homework conscientiously within limited time and difficult to discover the problems in studies. 修改建议：thus it is difficult to discover their problems in study. 实例 3：College graduates are difficult to find jobs. 修改建议：It is difficult for college graduates to find jobs. 实例 4：Parents realise the needs of their children is extremely important. 修改建议：It is extremely important for parents to realise the needs of their children. It is extremely important that parents realise the needs of their children. 2、作动名词的形式主语 （1）句型 It is + (no) use/good/useless/a waste of time/energy/efforts + doing sth. It is + good/useless/hard/foolish/enjoyable/worthwhile + doing sth. （2）雅思范文写作实例 A. For instance, children usually pay attention to match their clothing and toys; in fact, it is really worth competing thing that their study is being ignored. B. Some parents believe that it is no use having second education for their kids. （3）学生作文实例 实例：Particular countries and individuals deals with environmental issues are no use. 修改建议：It is no use dealing with environmental issues by particular countries and indivuduals. 3、作主语从句的形式主语 （1）句型 It is + (adj) n./(adv.) adj./(adv.)v-ed + that It + seems/happens/appears/matters/strikes/occurs(突然想起) + that It is + said/reported/believed/(universally/widely) accepted/announced/estimated/acknowledged + that It + must be admitted/stressed out + that/It + cannot be denied + that./It + can be foreseen + that It + goes without saying + that （2）雅思范文实例 A. It is an understandable fact that many employers may prefer to use the services of children simply to save money by paying them less than adults and it is this type of exploitation tht should be discouraged. (Cambridge 3, P164, Task 2) B. Admittedly, it is common sense that a person without cooperative spirit will be difficult to survive in the modern society. C. Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because they have good impacts for the majority of people. (Cambridge 6, P168, Task 2) D. It is clear from the data given that there are some significant differences in spending habits in Europe. (Cambridge 3, P161, Task 1) E. It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours. F. Take holding an Olympic games as an example, it is no doubt it will take millions of money to build stadiums. G. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. (Cambridge 5, P162, Task 1) H. It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or overide other influences, (Cambridge 5, P169, Task 2) （3）学生写作实例 实例 1：It is quite obvious/evident/apparent that the quantity of families who tends to go outside and infuse fresh oxygen into their lungs is growing steadily. 实例 2：It is universally acknowledged that the best way to arouse peoples love to our nature, who has devoted herself too much to human beings development while has received barely anything till now, is to let them see the beauty of hers by themselves. 这是 XVCC23 强化班里一位基础较好的学生的写作实例，其中的语法、措辞方面的错误已 经进行了修改。 实例 3：Clearly, rush hours emerges in the early morning as well as (in the) early evening which is most busy/the busiest in a day as a whole in London. 修改建议：这个句子的结构应该是无可厚非的（语法就不说啦），但是，按照雅思评分的 标准，句式稍微做一下调整，会更漂亮：如：It is clear that rush hours emerge in the early morning as well as in the early evening which is most busy/the busiest in a day as a whole in London.或者改成 It is demonstrated that rush hours emerge in the early morning as well as in the early evening which is most busy/the busiest in a day as a whole in London.这样一个小小的调整， 其句子修改前后的效果是显而易见的。 （三）it 作形式主语