外研版高中英语必修3module1-module6 cultural corner课文逐句翻译

M1-M6M1-M6 B3B3 CulturalCultural CornerCorner 译文译文 M1B3M1B3 CulturalCultural CornerCorner 译文译文 TheThe EuropeanEuropean UnionUnion 欧盟欧盟 WhatWhat Is Is thethe EuropeanEuropean Union?Union?欧盟是什么？欧盟是什么？ TheThe EuropeanEuropean UnionUnion is is anan organisationorganisation ofof EuropeanEuropean countries.countries.欧盟是欧洲各国的一欧盟是欧洲各国的一 个组织。个组织。TheThe countriescountries areare independentindependent andand areare governedgoverned inin differentdifferent ways.ways.欧洲各欧洲各 国各自独立，国家管理各不相同。国各自独立，国家管理各不相同。InIn thethe UnitedUnited Kingdom,Kingdom, forfor example,example, thethe headhead ofof statestate is is a a kingking oror queen.queen.例如，英国的国家元首是国王或女王，例如，英国的国家元首是国王或女王，InIn France,France, onon thethe otherother hand,hand, thethe headhead ofof statestate is is a a president.president. 而法国的元首是总统。而法国的元首是总统。ButBut eacheach ofof themthem sendssends representativesrepresentatives toto thethe EuropeanEuropean Parliament,Parliament, whichwhich hashas somesome controlcontrol overover whatwhat happenshappens inin eacheach ofof thethe membermember countries.countries.但每个国家都向欧盟委员会派但每个国家都向欧盟委员会派 遣代表，欧盟委员会负责管理各个成员国的事务。遣代表，欧盟委员会负责管理各个成员国的事务。 HowHow DidDid It It Start?Start?欧盟是如何开始的？欧盟是如何开始的？ TheThe ideaidea ofof thethe EuropeanEuropean UnionUnion beganbegan inin thethe 1950s.1950s.创建欧盟这一想法始于二十世纪创建欧盟这一想法始于二十世纪 五十年代。五十年代。TheThe firstfirst membersmembers werewere France,France, Germany,Germany, Belgium,Belgium, Luxembourg,Luxembourg, thethe NetherlandsNetherlands andand Italy.Italy. 最初的成员国有法国、德国、比利时、卢森堡、荷兰和意大利。最初的成员国有法国、德国、比利时、卢森堡、荷兰和意大利。 LittleLittle byby little,little, thethe numbernumber increasedincreased duringduring thethe secondsecond halfhalf ofof thethe twentiethtwentieth century.century. 逐渐地，成员国在二十世纪后半叶不断增加。逐渐地，成员国在二十世纪后半叶不断增加。ByBy thethe yearyear 2000,2000, therethere werewere 1515 membermember countries.countries. 到到 20002000 年，发展到年，发展到 1515 个成员国。个成员国。TheThe newnew countriescountries werewere Austria,Austria, Denmark,Denmark, Finland,Finland, Greece,Greece, Ireland,Ireland, Portugal,Portugal, Spain,Spain, SwedenSweden andand thethe UnitedUnited Kingdom.Kingdom.新的成员国有奥地利、丹麦、芬兰、希腊、爱尔兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、新的成员国有奥地利、丹麦、芬兰、希腊、爱尔兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、 瑞典和英国。瑞典和英国。 HowHow ManyMany CountriesCountries BelongBelong toto It It Now?Now?现在有多少个国家属于欧盟？现在有多少个国家属于欧盟？ InIn 2004,2004, thethe EuropeanEuropean UnionUnion increasedincreased toto 2525 members.members. 20042004 年，欧盟扩展到年，欧盟扩展到 2525 个国家。个国家。TheThe CzechCzech Republic,Republic, Estonia,Estonia, Hungary,Hungary, Latvia,Latvia, Lithuania,Lithuania, Poland,Poland, thethe SlovakSlovak RepublicRepublic andand Slovenia,Slovenia, plusplus thethe MediterraneanMediterranean islandsislands ofof CyprusCyprus andand MaltaMalta allall becamebecame members.members. 捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波 兰、斯洛伐克共和国、斯洛文尼亚以及地中海的塞浦路斯和马耳他都成为欧盟成员国。兰、斯洛伐克共和国、斯洛文尼亚以及地中海的塞浦路斯和马耳他都成为欧盟成员国。 TheThe expandedexpanded EuropeanEuropean UnionUnion hashas a a populationpopulation ofof moremore thanthan halfhalf a a billionbillion people,people, twicetwice asas bigbig asas thethe populationpopulation ofof thethe UnitedUnited States.States.扩大后的欧盟拥有五亿扩大后的欧盟拥有五亿 多人口，是美国人口的两倍。多人口，是美国人口的两倍。 TheThe EuropeanEuropean UnionUnion WhatWhat Is Is thethe EuropeanEuropean Union?Union? The European Union is an organisation of European countries. The countries are independent and are governed in different ways. In the United Kingdom, for example, the head of state is a king or queen. In France, on the other hand, the head of state is a president. But each of them sends representatives to the European Parliament, which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries. HowHow DidDid It It Start?Start? The idea of the European Union began in the 1950s. The first members were France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Italy. Little by little, the number increased during the second half of the twentieth century. By the year 2000, there were 15 member countries. The new countries were Austria, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. HowHow ManyMany CountriesCountries BelongBelong toto It It Now?Now? In 2004, the European Union increased to 25 members. The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia, plus the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Malta all became members. The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice as big as the population of the United States. M1B3 Cultural Corner 译文 欧盟 欧盟是什么？ 欧盟是欧洲各国的一个组织。欧洲各国各自独立，国家管理各不相同。例如， 英国的国家元首是国王或女王，而法国的元首是总统。但每个国家都向欧盟委 员会派遣代表，欧盟委员会负责管理各个成员国的事务。 欧盟是如何开始的？ 创建欧盟这一想法始于二十世纪五十年代。最初的成员国有法国、德国、比利 时、卢森堡、荷兰和意大利。逐渐地，成员国在二十世纪后半叶不断增加。到 2000 年，发展到 15 个成员国。新的成员国有奥地利、丹麦、芬兰、希腊、爱 尔兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典和英国。 现在有多少个国家属于欧盟？ 2004 年，欧盟扩展到 25 个国家。捷克共和国、爱沙尼亚、匈牙利、拉脱维亚、 立陶宛、波兰、斯洛伐克共和国、斯洛文尼亚以及地中海的塞浦路斯和马耳他 都成为欧盟成员国。扩大后的欧盟拥有五亿多人口，是美国人口的两倍。 M2B3M2B3 CulturalCultural CornerCorner 译文译文 Town Twinning 友好城市 How are Oxford in the UK and Grenoble in France similar? 英国的牛津和法国的 格雷诺布尔有什么相似之处？Well, theyre both medium-sized towns of between 100,000 and 200,000 inhabitants. 它们都是中等大小的城市，人口在 10 万到 20 万 之间。They both have universities and industries.它们都拥有大学和工业。 Tourism is important to both of them, and they are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region. 旅游业对它们这两个城市来说都很重要， 而且它们都靠近该地区一些最漂亮的郊区。But they share something else: they have a town twinning agreement.但是它们还有其他共同的东西：它们有一个友好城 市的约定。 Town twinning is not a new idea, but it has become more popular in recent years because its now easier to find out about and visit other countries and towns.友好城市不是一个新的想法，但是近几年它已经变得很受欢迎，因为这很容易了解 和参观其他的国家和城镇。 Its an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.它是一个具有相似面积大小和历史的城镇或城市之间的约定， 而且它们还有许多相似的特征，比如说旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐。 Town twinning agreements encourage people from the two towns to visit each other. 友好城市的约定鼓励来自这两个城镇的人们互相参观彼此的城镇。There are visits and exchanges between schools, theatre groups and sports teams. 学校、 剧院以及体育团体之间都可进行参观和交流。Visitors from the foreign town usually stay in the private homes of the town they are visiting. 来自国外城镇的旅游者通 常待在他们正在参观的城镇的私人家里。There is usually a big party for the visitors.对 游客来说通常有一个大的聚会。 Town twinning agreements are perhaps most useful for students and people who want to practise speaking another language. 友好城市的约定或许对于那 想 练习讲另一门语言的学生人们最有用处。This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.这是因为和一个外国家庭在一起住一两个星期，就意味着你得 讲他们的语言，结果使你进步得很快。 M2B3M2B3 CulturalCultural CornerCorner 译文译文 友好城市友好城市 英国的牛津和法国的格雷诺布尔有什么相似之处？它们都是中等大小的城市，人口在英国的牛津和法国的格雷诺布尔有什么相似之处？它们都是中等大小的城市，人口在 1010 万到万到 2020 万之间。它们都拥有大学和工业。旅游业对它们这两个城市来说都很重要，而且万之间。它们都拥有大学和工业。旅游业对它们这两个城市来说都很重要，而且 它们都靠近该地区一些最漂亮的郊区。但是它们还有其他共同的东西：它们有一个友好城它们都靠近该地区一些最漂亮的郊区。但是它们还有其他共同的东西：它们有一个友好城 市的约定。市的约定。 友好城市不是一个新的想法，但是近几年它已经变得很受欢迎，因为这很容易了解和参观友好城市不是一个新的想法，但是近几年它已经变得很受欢迎，因为这很容易了解和参观 其他的国家和城镇。它是一个具有相似面积大小和历史的城镇或城市之间的约定，而且它其他的国家和城镇。它是一个具有相似面积大小和历史的城镇或城市之间的约定，而且它 们还有许多相似的特征，比如说旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐。们还有许多相似的特征，比如说旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐。 友好城市的约定鼓励来自这两个城镇的人们互相参观彼此的城镇。学校、剧院以及体育团友好城市的约定鼓励来自这两个城镇的人们互相参观彼此的城镇。学校、剧院以及体育团 体之间都可进行参观和交流。来自国外城镇的旅游者通常待在他们正在参观的城镇的私人体之间都可进行参观和交流。来自国外城镇的旅游者通常待在他们正在参观的城镇的私人 家里。对游客来说通常有一个大的聚会。家里。对游客来说通常有一个大的聚会。 友好城市的约定或许对于那友好城市的约定或许对于那 想练习讲另一门语言的学生人们最有用处。这是因为和一个外想练习讲另一门语言的学生人们最有用处。这是因为和一个外 国家庭在一起住一两个星期，就意味着你得讲他们的语言，结果使你进步得很快。国家庭在一起住一两个星期，就意味着你得讲他们的语言，结果使你进步得很快。 TownTown TwinningTwinning HowHow areare OxfordOxford inin thethe UKUK andand GrenobleGrenoble inin FranceFrance similar?similar? Well,Well, theyretheyre bothboth medium-sizedmedium-sized townstowns ofof betweenbetween 100,000100,000 andand 200,000200,000 inhabitants.inhabitants. TheyThey bothboth havehave universitiesuniversities andand industries.industries. TourismTourism is is importantimportant toto bothboth ofof them,them, andand theythey areare bothboth closeclose toto somesome ofof thethe mostmost beautifulbeautiful countrysidecountryside inin thethe region.region. ButBut theythey shareshare somethingsomething else:else: theythey havehave a a towntown twinningtwinning agreement.agreement. TownTown twinningtwinning is is notnot a a newnew idea,idea, butbut it it hashas becomebecome moremore popularpopular inin recentrecent yearsyears becausebecause itsits nownow easiereasier toto findfind outout aboutabout andand visitvisit otherother countriescountries andand towns.towns. ItsIts anan agreementagreement betweenbetween townstowns oror citiescities ofof similarsimilar sizesize andand age,age, andand whichwhich havehave similarsimilar featuresfeatures suchsuch asas tourism,tourism, industry,industry, cultureculture andand entertainment.entertainment. TownTown twinningtwinning agreementsagreements encourageencourage peoplepeople fromfrom thethe twotwo townstowns toto visitvisit eacheach other.other. ThereThere areare visitsvisits andand exchangesexchanges betweenbetween schools,schools, theatretheatre groupsgroups andand sportssports teams.teams. VisitorsVisitors fromfrom thethe foreignforeign towntown usuallyusually staystay inin thethe privateprivate homeshomes ofof thethe towntown theythey areare visiting.visiting. ThereThere is is usuallyusually a a bigbig partyparty forfor thethe visitors.visitors. TownTown twinningtwinning agreementsagreements areare perhapsperhaps mostmost usefuluseful forfor studentsstudents andand peoplepeople whowho wantwant toto practisepractise speakingspeaking anotheranother language.language. ThisThis is is becausebecause livingliving withwith a a foreignforeign familyfamily forfor oneone oror twotwo weeksweeks meansmeans thatthat youyou havehave toto speakspeak theirtheir language,language, andand asas a a resultresult youyou improveimprove fast.fast. M3B3M3B3 CulturalCultural CornerCorner 译文译文 EarthquakesEarthquakes AroundAround thethe PacificPacific发生在太平洋地区的地震 About 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day, more than a hundred thousand in a year.每天世界上大约会发生 400 次地震，每年会发生 100，000 多次。 China is situated in one of the most active earthquake regions in the world and there have been many terrible earthquakes.中国位于世界上最活跃的地震带之一， 发生过很多次大地震。 The most serious of these occurred in Hua County in Shaanxi Province in 1556. 最严重的一次于 1556 年发生在陕西省的华县。The earthquake affected eight provinces in Central China. It covered an area of 800 square kilometres.这次地震影响了中国中部的八个省，覆盖了 800 平方公里。 In some communities, 60 percent of the population were killed. In all, 830,000 people lost their lives.在一些地区，残废人数达到 60%。这次地震中总共有 830，000 人丧生。 The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States.1906 年 4 月 18 日的加利福尼亚大地 震是迄今为止发生在美国的最严重的一次地震。 It took place at 5:15 a.m., and lasted for only a minute. 它发生在早上 5:15，持续了仅一分钟。However, it caused the worst natural disaster in the nations history.然而，它却成为了美国 历史上最严重的自然灾害。 Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage. 加利福尼亚地震 引起的火灾带来了最大的损害。The fires burned for three days, destroying a total of 25,000 buildings.大炎持续了三天，总共烧毁了 25，000 座建筑物。 About 500 people were killed in the city of San Francisco and 250,000 were made homeless. 在旧金山大约有 500 人死亡，250，000 人无家可归。In the whole of California, the earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 deaths.在整个加利福 尼亚，这次地震和火灾造成了大约 3，000 人死亡。 The 1906 earthquake was caused by a movement on the San Andreas Fault. 1906 年的地震是由圣安德里亚断层的运动引起的。One hundred years later, movements on the San Andreas Fault continue to cause problems for the whole of California.一百年之后，此断层的运动不断给整个加利福尼亚带来问题。 EarthquakesEarthquakes AroundAround thethe PacificPacific About 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day, more than a hundred thousand in a year. China is situated in one of the most active earthquake regions in the world and there have been many terrible earthquakes. The most serious of these occurred in Hua County in Shaanxi Province in 1556. The earthquake affected eight provinces in Central China. It covered an area of 800 square kilometres. In some communities, 60 percent of the population were killed. In all, 830,000 people lost their lives. The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. It took place at 5:15 a.m., and lasted for only a minute. However, it caused the worst natural disaster in the nations history. Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage. The fires burned for three days, destroying a total of 25,000 buildings. About 500 people were killed in the city of San Francisco and 250,000 were made homeless. In the whole of California, the earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 deaths. The 1906 earthquake was caused by a movement on the San Andreas Fault. One hundred years later, movements on the San Andreas Fault continue to cause problems for the whole of California. M3B3 Cultural Corner 译文 发生在太平洋地区的地震 每天世界上大约会发生 400 次地震，每年会发生 100，000 多次。 中国位于世界上最活跃的地震带之一，发生过很多次大地震。最严重的一次于 1556 年发生在陕西省的华县。这次地震影响了中国中部的八个省，覆盖了 800 平方公里。在一些地区，残废人数达到 60%。这次地震中总共有 830，000 人丧生。 1906 年 4 月 18 日的加利福尼亚大地震是迄今为止发生在美国的最严重的一 次地震。它发生在早上 5:15，持续了仅一分钟。然而，它却成为了美国历史 上最严重的自然灾害。 加利福尼亚地震引起的火灾带来了最大的损害。大炎持续了三天，总共烧毁了 25，000 座建筑物。在旧金山大约有 500 人死亡，250，000 人无家可归。 在整个加利福尼亚，这次地震和火灾造成了大约 3，000 人死亡。 1906 年的地震是由圣安德里亚断层的运动引起的。一百年之后，此断层的运 动不断给整个加利福尼亚带来问题。 M4M4 B3B3 CulturalCultural CornerCorner 译文译文 TheThe GreenGreen MovementMovement 绿色运动绿色运动 Some countries are better than others at looking after the environment. 一些 国家比别的国家更善于关注环境。In Europe, Germany and the northern European countries work very hard to improve the environment. 在欧洲，德国和北欧国家非常 努力地去改善环境。 People in countries such as Germany put their garbage into different bagspaper in one bag, plastic in another bag, etc. 在德国，人们把垃圾放 到不同的袋里：把纸放到一个袋里，塑料放到另一个袋里等。The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled. 然后垃圾被运走，如有可能，予以回收利用。 CFCs (chlorofluro-carbons), chemicals which are found in refrigerators and aerosol cans, are not allowed. 在冰箱及烟雾容器中发现的化学物质氟利昂是不允许使用的。There are laws that do not allow people to burn too much coal. 有法律规定不允许人们燃烧太多 的煤。 In the 1970s, as people learnt more about environmental problems, the “Green“ movement began and soon spread all over Europe. 在二十世纪七十年代， 随着人们对环境问题更多的了解，“绿色”运动开始了，而且很快遍及整个欧洲。 The “Green“ movement tries to get governments to think seriously about the environment and how to look after it. “绿色”运动想让政府严肃地考虑环境问题并且考 虑如何去保护环境。It collects information about how industry is damaging the environment and gives this information to newspapers. 它收集关于工业如何破坏环境 的信息并将其发到报纸上。 TheThe GreenGreen MovementMovement Some countries are better than others at looking after the environment. In Europe, Germany and the northern European countries work very hard to improve the environment. People in countries such as Germany put their garbage into different bagspaper in one bag, plastic in another bag, etc. The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled. CFCs (chlorofluro-carbons), chemicals which are found in refrigerators and aerosol cans, are not allowed. There are laws that do not allow people to burn too much coal. In the 1970s, as people learnt more about environmental problems, the “Green“ movement began and soon spread all over Europe. The “Green“ movement tries to get governments to think seriously about the environment and how to look after it. It collects information about how industry is damaging the environment and gives this information to newspapers. M4B3 Cultural Corner 译文 绿色运动 一些国家比别的国家更善于关注环境。在欧洲，德国和北欧国家非常努力地去改善环境。 在德国，人们把垃圾放到不同的袋里：把纸放到一个袋里，塑料放到另一个袋里等。然后垃圾 被运走，如有可能，予以回收利用。在冰箱及烟雾容器中发现的化学物质氟利昂是不允许使用 的。有法律规定不允许人们燃烧太多的煤。 在二十世纪七十年代，随着人们对环境问题更多的了解，“绿色”运动开始了，而且很快 遍及整个欧洲。“绿色”运动想让政府严肃地考虑环境问题并且考虑如何去保护环境。它收集 关于工业如何破坏环境的信息并将其发到报纸上。 M5B3M5B3 CulturalCultural CornerCorner 译文译文 TheThe IndustrialIndustrial RevolutionRevolution 工业革命工业革命 In Europe, in the second half of the eighteenth century, there was an important change in society. 在欧洲，十八世纪后半期社会出现了一次重大的变革。This change was called the “Industrial Revolution“.这个变革叫做“工业革命”。 Until then Europe had been a farming society. 在此之前欧洲还一直是一个农业社会。 With the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time. 随着工业革命的到来，工厂出现了，大批量的生产第一次成为可 能。 The factories were built in towns and as a result, the population of towns and cities greatly increased. 工厂被建在城镇里，结果城镇的人口大大增长了。 These changes became possible because of inventions such as the steam engine. 因为蒸汽机等的发明使这些变化成为可能。 This was invented in 1769 by James Watt and was the main energy source during the Industrial Revolution. 蒸 汽机是在 1769 年由詹姆斯瓦特发明的，是工业革命时期主要的动力来源。 At first the steam engine was used in mines, but it was soon used in factories and on the railways. 最初，蒸汽机被用于矿井，但后来很快被用于工厂和铁路。 During the Industrial Revolution, factory owners became more powerful than land owners. 在工业革命期间，工厂主比地主更强大。 Thousands of people left the countryside to work in the city. 成千上万的人离开农村到城市就业。 Often, factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions. 工厂的人们经常住在简陋而拥挤的环境 中。 From 1830 to the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution spread through Europe and the US and then to other countries such as Japan. 从 1830 年 到二十世纪初期，工业革命传遍了欧洲和美国，后来又传播到其他的国家，比如日本。 TheThe IndustrialIndustrial RevolutionRevolution In Europe, in the second half of the eighteenth century, there was an important change in society. This change was called the “Industrial Revolution“. Until then Europe had been a farming society. With the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time. The factories were built in towns and as a result, the population of towns and cities greatly increased. These changes became possible because of inventions such as the steam engine. This was invented in 1769 by James Watt and was the main energy source during the Industrial Revolution. At first the steam engine was used in mines, but it was soon used in factories and on the railways. During the Industrial Revolution, factory owners became more powerful than land owners. Thousands of