鼻解剖生理出血外伤课件

NOSE External Nose Nasal root Nassal bridge Anterior nares Columella nasi Nasal cavity choanae Nasal limen Nasal Proper Cavity Nasal Vestibule Nasal Septum vomer Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone Horizontal plate of ethmoid bone Lateral wall Middle turbinate Inferior turbinate Inferior Meatus Middle Meatus Superior Meatus Superior turbinate Middle turbinate Middle Meatus Inferior turbinate Inferior Meatus Olfactory groove Common meatus Ostiomeatal Complex (OMC) Mucosa of nose Olfactory region mucosa Respiratory region mucosa Posterior ethmoid artery Anteroir ethmoid artery Sphenopalatine artery Greater palatine artory Litters area Artery of nose Venous Kiesselbach plexus Woodruff naso-nasapharyngeal venous plexus Nerve Olfactory nerves Sense nerves Protopathic（自主）sensory nerve Nasal sinus Frontal sinus Ethmoid sinus Maxillary sinus Sphenoid sinus Nasal sinus Frontal sinus Sphenoid sinus Ethmoid sinus Maxillary sinus Optic canal Internal carotid artery Function of the nose Respiratory channel Air-conditioning of the air Filtration Olfaction Vocal resonance Speech Nasal reflex fuction Function of sinus Vocal resonance Aid to balance of head Air conditioning Epistaxis General Introduction Epistaxis is defined as acute hemorrhage from the nostril, nasal cavity, or nasopharynx. Frequency: occurs in 1 of every 7 people. Age: peaks in age 2-10 years and 50-80 years. Season: colder months and dry colder climates. Local Causes Trauma surgery foreign bodies nasal or sinus infections Anatomic deformities(deviated nasal septum) Tumour Systemic Cause Vascular abnormalities (Sclerotic vessels /Hereditary hemorrhage /Arteriovenous malformation / Neoplasm ) Hypertension Disorder of clotting mechanisms Drug Malnutrition Special infection (AIDS) Bleeding site A common source of anterior epistaxis is Kiesselbach plexus Bleeding may also originate anterior to the inferior turbinate. Posterior hemorrhage originates below the posterior half of the inferior turbinate or roof of the nasal cavity. Treatment Pinching the sides of the nose together for 5 to 10 minutes Insert anterior and/or posterior pack in nose Cautery silver nitrate electrocautery microwave Clip the artery Fracture of the Nose Symptom of broken nose Swollen nose Nose pain Bruised nose Bleeding nose -the mucous membrane tears Numb face Tingling face Misshapen nose The cartilage of the nasal septum break. The cartilage may die, resulting in a saddle nose deformity. examination Physical examination X-ray - sometimes delayed until swelling has gone down Diagnosis the bridge of the nose irregularities in shape and alignment movement of bones, the rough sensation of broken bones moving against one another, and tenderness. X-rays can determine the proper bone alignment. Treatment Manipulates the bones into their normal position Packing nose with gauze Surgery Pain relief medications BEFORE AFTER 小结 鼻分为：外鼻、鼻腔和鼻窦。鼻腔内侧 壁为鼻中隔，鼻腔外侧壁分别有三个鼻 甲和三个鼻道。鼻窦分四组，鼻道窦口 复合体对鼻窦疾病有重要的作用。 鼻腔的主要生理功能是呼吸、嗅觉、保 护和声音共鸣。鼻窦的主要生理功能是 声音共鸣和维持头部平衡。 小结 鼻出血的病因很多，可分为全身性原因 和局部性原因。任何影响凝血机制或造 成血管损伤的原因都可导致