前庭蜗器the_vestibulocochlear organ 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室课件

The Vestibulocochlear Organ 前庭蜗器 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 General Features Three parts nExternal ear 外耳: collects sound waves nMiddle ear 中耳: transmits sound waves nInternal ear 内耳: containing the organs of hearing and balanc External Ear 外耳 nAuricle 耳郭 nExternal acoustic meatus 外耳道 nTympanic membrane 鼓膜 Auricle 耳郭 External Acoustic Meatus 外耳道 nA slender canal that extends from external acoustic pore to tympanic membrane nTwo parts qCartilaginous part lateral 1/3 qBony partmedial 2/3 nLined by a layer of thin skin nThis S-shaped passage medially, at first forward and upward, then backward and, finally forward and downward nIn babyhood, it is shorter and more horizontal than in adult Tympanic Membrane 鼓膜 nA thin, fibrous membrane that is pearly gray nTwo parts qFlaccid part 松弛部: upper 1/8-1/6 qTense part 紧张部: lower 7/8-5/6 nUmbo of tympanic membrane 鼓膜脐 nCone of light 光锥 Middle Ear 中耳 nTympanic cavity 鼓室 nAuditory tube 咽鼓管 nMastoid antrum 乳突窦 and mastoid cells 乳突小房 Tympanic Cavity 鼓室 nAn air-containing cavity in the petrous portion of temporal bone and is lined with mucous membrane nHas six walls Walls of Tympanic Cavity Roof or tegmental wall 盖壁 Floor or jugular wall 颈静脉壁 Lateral wall or membranous wall 膜壁 Medial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁 Posterior Wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁 Anterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁 Walls of Tympanic Cavity nRoof or tegmental wall 盖壁 qFormed by tegmen tympani qSeparates tympanic cavity from middle cranial fossa nFloor or jugular wall 颈静脉壁 qseparates the cavity from superior bulb of internal jugular vein Walls of Tympanic Cavity nAnterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁 qSeparates tympanic cavity from carotid canal, superiorly lies two openings: nUpper opening for tensor tympani muscle nLower opening for auditory tube, which communicates with nasopharynx Walls of Tympanic Cavity nPosterior wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁 qAditus of mastoid antrum 乳突窦入口 qPyramidal eminence 锥隆起 Walls of Tympanic Cavity nLateral wall or membranous wall 膜壁 qTympanic membrane qEpitympanic recess Walls of Tympanic Cavity nMedial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁 qPromontory 岬 qFenestra vestibuli 前庭窗:covered by base of stapes qFenestra cochleae 蜗窗 closeted by secondary tympanic membrane 第二鼓膜 qProminence of facial canal 面神经管凸 Acute otitis median 急性中耳炎 Perforation, inflammation or trauma 鼓膜穿孔（炎症或外伤） Auditory Ossicles 听小骨 nConsists of chain of three bones: qMalleus 锤骨 qIncus 砧骨 qStapes 镫骨 nArticulate by synovial joints nTransmit vibration of tympanic membrane to footplate of stapes in fenestra vestibuli Muscles of Auditory Ossicles nTensor tympani 鼓膜张肌 nStapedius 镫骨肌 Auditory Tube 咽鼓管 nAbout 34 cm long, extends from the anterior wall of tympanic cavity downward, forward, and medially to the nasopharynx nTwo parts qBony part: posterolateral 1/3 qCartilaginous part: anteromedial 2/3 nFunctions to equalize air pressure on either side of tympanic membrane nIn childhood, it is shorter, wider and more horizontal than in adult Auditory Tube 咽鼓管 Mastoid Antrum 乳突窦 and Mastoid Cells 乳突小房 nMastoid antrum乳突窦: a small chamber between tympanic cavity and mastoid cells nMastoid cells乳突小房: qA series of communicating cavities within the mastoid process of temporal bone qContinuous above with the mastoid antrum and the tympanic cavity Internal Ear 内耳 General features nLies within the petrous portion of temporal bone nKey contents of internal ear qBony labyrinth 骨迷路 contains perilymph qMembranous labyrinth 膜迷路 is filled with endolymph and contains the sensory organs Bony Labyrinth 骨迷路 nCochlea 耳蜗 nVestibule 前庭 nBony semicircular canals 骨半规管 Vestibule 前庭 nHollow bony space nIn its lateral wall are the fenestra vestibuli and fenestra cochleae nContains utricle 椭圆囊 and saccule 球囊 Bony Semicircular Canals 骨半规管 nSemicircular duct in each (anterior, posterior, and lateral) nCanal at right angles to each other nBony ampullar 骨壶腹 dilated ampulla in each canal at its end Cochlea 耳蜗 nIt somewhat resembles a snails shell nCupula of cochlea faces anterolaterally and the base of cochlea faces posteromedially Cochlea 耳蜗 nModiolus 蜗轴 qOsseous spiral lamina 骨螺旋板 qSpiral canal of modiolus 蜗轴螺旋管 contain cochlear ganglion 蜗神经节 nCochlear spiral canal 蜗螺旋管: makes two and one-half spinal turns around the modiolus qScala vestibuli 前庭阶 qScala tympani 鼓阶 Membranous Labyrinth 膜迷路 nCochlear duct 蜗管 nUtricle and saccule 椭圆囊和球囊 nSemicircular ducts 膜半规管 Membranous of ampullae Saccule Utricle INNER EAR ANATOMY: LOCATION OF SENSORY RECEPTORS Cochlear duct Cochlear Duct 蜗管 Contains: nSpinal organ 螺旋器 (of Corti) nThe sound receptors lies on tympanic wall of cochlear duct 蜗管鼓壁 Utricle and Saccule 椭圆囊和球囊 Contain: nMacular utriculi 椭圆囊斑 nMacular sacculi 球囊斑 nEnd organs of balance, which respond to linear acceleration and deceleration, static of gravity Semicircular Ducts 膜半规管 nEach duct has a membranous ampullae 膜壶腹 nContaining crista ampullaris 壶腹嵴, receptors of balance that respond to rotational acceleration in three different planes Conduction of Sound Air-conduction of sound Sound waves Cochlear nerve Bony- conduction of Sound Sound waves Skull Bony labyrinth Perilymph Endolymph within cochlear duct Spinal organ Cochlear nerve Internal acoustic Meatus 内耳道 nExtends from internal acoustic pore to fundus of internal acoustic meatus nFacial, vestibulocochlear nerves and vessels of labyrinth pass through the fundus of internal acoustic meatus Otoliths Gelatinous membrane Supporting cells Nerve fibres Hair cells “Hairs” Macula STRUCTURE OF A MACULA 2. Hairs of hair cells bend 1. Gelatinous membr