_of perceived educational barriers cultural fit and 认知教育的障碍文化适应的影响以及课件

Hardiness and Hardiness and Psychological Well-Psychological Well- Being in College Being in College StudentsStudents Nicole MoshfeghNicole Moshfegh University of California, IrvineUniversity of California, Irvine Salvatore R. Maddi, PhDSalvatore R. Maddi, PhD General BackgroundGeneral Background Nationally, nearly half of all college students report feeling so depressed at some point in time that they have trouble functioning Counseling centers nationwide report increasing numbers of students seeking services Across the UC SystemAcross the UC System Data from 8 UC campuses (including UCI) found that the number of students utilizing campus counseling centers has increased twenty-three percent in the last five years UCI Counseling ServicesUCI Counseling Services A survey of over 3000 UCI students in 2006 found More than two-thirds had experienced a mental health issue during their time at UCI One-third either used or referred someone to a campus mental health resource The most common self-reported issue was stress Purpose of the Study Purpose of the Study 1. To examine the factors that contribute to college students perceptions of well-being 2. To determine the impact of hardiness on perceived educational barriers, cultural fit, and overall psychological well-being Research Questions Research Questions R1: Are there differences for each of the studies variables by class standing, race/ethnicity, acculturation/ethnic identity level, immigration status/generation, and socioeconomic status? R2:What influence do the perceived educational barriers, cultural fit, and hardiness values have on the psychological well-being of undergraduate students? R3:What are the interrelationships amongst the studies variables? Common Stressors Common Stressors coping with family problems lack of transportation balancing workload and class schedules with fulltime work and other responsibilities peer pressure relationship problems difficulty managing time sleep deprivation racism financial problems greater academic demands needing to fit in with peers greater awareness of ones sexual identity and orientation concerns about graduating and obtaining a job Populations at RiskPopulations at Risk Certain populations are at greater risk for developing mental health issues due to feelings of alienation from general campus populations. These groups may include: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) populations racially and ethnically underrepresented students Minority Student EnrollmentMinority Student Enrollment As of 2003, students of color made up 27.8 percent of the nearly 17 million students in American colleges and universities, up from 21.8 percent in 1993 As of 2007, 74% of total undergraduates enrolled at UCI were identified as non-White ethnicities 2007 UCI Undergraduate Student Ethnicity Barriers Affecting Minority Barriers Affecting Minority PopulationPopulation Educational barriers lack of finances lower familial support fewer mentors cultural stereotypes inhospitable campus climates sense of cultural misfit University EnvironmentUniversity Environment Studies of the university environment found racial and ethnic minority students perceive: Racial tension Hostility Feelings of marginalization Feeling unwelcomed Cultural CongruityCultural Congruity Balancing home and family values with the university environment often pushes minority students to assimilate to institutional values The conflict between personal/cultural values and those of the university environment adds to the stress of this population Well-BeingWell-Being Well-being or positive functioning must be examined in undergraduates to determine the effects of stressors Well-being has commonly been associated with self-acceptance positive relations with others autonomy environmental mastery purpose in life personal growth Role of HardinessRole of Hardiness Hardiness has been shown in research to enhance performance and health, despite stressful changes HardiAttitudes Commitment Control Challenge Copyright 1999-2007, The Hardiness Institute, Inc. SurveySurvey ScalesScalesContentContentItemsItems Demographic sheet Demographic sheet Age, gender, ethnicity, income, etc.30 Personal Views Survey, Personal Views Survey, Third EditionThird Edition Measures commitment, control, challenge aspects of hardiness 18 Perception of Barriers Perception of Barriers ScaleScale Assess student perceptions of barriers to educational and career goals 24 University Environment/ University Environment/ Cultural Congruity ScaleCultural Congruity Scale Assess student perceptions & cultural fit within university environment 27 Psychological Well-BeingPsychological Well-Being Short ScaleShort Scale Measures six theoretical constructs that address different dimensions of well-being or positive functioning 18 DemographicsDemographics StatusValue Male13% Female87% Upperclassmen53% Lowerclassmen47% First generation60% Family income above $70,000 48% Mean income$50- 59,000 Ethnicity of Sample 52% 11% 15.5%6.5% 4% 2.5% 0.5% ResultsResults One-way ANOVA by Class standing Differences for PWB Ethnicity Differences for PWB HRD Generation Differences for UES PWB HRD SES Differences for PWB HRD Stepwise Regression 39% of the variance Step 1: HRD Step 2: UES Step 3: POB Correlations Hardiness correlated with UES PWB PWB correlated with UES UES correlated with POB Correlations Correlations Significance of all correlations less than P .01 Perceived well-being is positively correlated with hardiness University environment and cultural congruity are positively correlated with hardiness Perceived well-being is positively correlated with university environment and cultural congruity Significance of all correlations less than P .05: Perceived barriers to education is positively correlated with University environment and cultural congruity ImplicationsImplications Hardiness is the strongest predictor of psychological well-being (34%) Having a Hardy attitude Increases feelings of cultural congruity in the university Lessens the perception of barriers toward educational and career goals Increases well-being Hardiness Well-Being Cultural Congruity Perceived Barriers Practical ImplicationsPractical Implications Findings will provide insight for university centers to better address mental health issues when working with racial ethnic minority undergraduates. Results may assist clinicians in understanding undergraduates emotions, social systems, and cultural continuity as they