糖尿病全英文课件

DIABETES Insulin: The Key to Turning Food into Energy 、Definition and Types 、Signs and symptoms 、Diagnosis and Treatment DefinitionDefinition nType 1 diabetes nType 2 diabetes nGestational diabetes nOther types TypesTypes 、Definition and Types 、Signs and symptoms 、Diagnosis and Treatment Risk factors for developing diabetes nbeing age 45 or over nbeing overweight nbeing a member of a high-risk group nhaving close relatives with diabetes nhaving given birth to a baby that weighed over 4 kg birth, or have had gestational diabetes nhaving high cholesterol or other fats in the blood n having hypertension or heart disease 、Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms Absence Absence of of insulininsulin HighHigh PlsamaPlsama glucoseglucose ProteinProtein catabolismcatabolism LipolysisLipolysis increaseincrease PolydipsiaPolydipsia PolyuriaPolyuria polyphgiapolyphgia ketonemiaketonemia osmoti c diuresi sWeightWeight loss loss FFA FFA AugmentAugment 、Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms About type1 diabetes nautoimmune disease npresence of antibodies nconnected with viruses and environmental toxins nabsence of insulin n life depends on insulin. nLADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults ) 、Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms ninsufficient insulin nInsulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia nX Syndrome 、Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms uuinsulin resistanceinsulin resistance uuhyperlipidimiahyperlipidimia uuhypertensionhypertension uuobesity(appleobesity(apple figure) figure) uucoronary heart diseasecoronary heart disease About Type 2 diabetes ninsufficient insulin nInsulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia nX Syndrome 、Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms About Type 2 diabetes nWestern lifestyle nUse of alcohol nSmoking nSedentary ways nGaining more than normal weight nEating fewer than three meals a day nA diet high in fat Differences between type1 and type2 feature Type 1Type 2 Insulin production absentnormal or abnormal Age at onset usually before 40 if after 40 usually slow onset usually after 40, although increasing in younger people Physical appearance often thinoften overweight, especially apple figure Symptoms sudden onset:greater thirst,urination, hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, infections gradual, subtle onset of similar symptoms Treatment insulin, diet, exercisediet, exercise, oral agents and/or insulin DiabetesDiabetes complicationscomplications AcuteAcute decompensationdecompensation chronic chronic complicationscomplications Macrovascular disease nerve damage microvascular disease foot disease ketoacidosisketoacidosis HyperosmolarHyperosmolar comacoma infectioninfection nephropathynephropathyretinopathyretinopathy neuropathyneuropathy MotorMotor neuropathyneuropathy SensorySensory neuropathyneuropathy BladderBladder neuropathy neuropathy Autonomic Autonomic neuropathyneuropathy Diarrhea orDiarrhea or Constipation Constipation GastroparesisGastroparesis tachycardiatachycardia PosturalPostural hypotensionhypotension ImpotenceImpotence 、Definition and Types 、Signs and symptoms 、Diagnosis and Treatment Time of Check Plasma blood glucose Range (mmol/l) diagnose radom11.1 accompanied with symptoms diabetes Fasting 7.0Diabetes 6.1 and7.0IFG 6.0normal oral glucose tolerance test 11.1Diabetes 7.8 and 11.1IGT 7.8normal DiabetesDiabetes treatedtreated EducationEducation MealMeal planningplanning ExerciseExerciseMedicationMedication Sulfonylureas Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors Biguanides Thiazolidinediones nSulfonylureas n n tolbutamidetolbutamide n n glipizideglipizide n n gliquidonegliquidone n n gliclazidegliclazide n n glibenclamideglibenclamide n n GlimepirideGlimepiride stimulating the pancreas produce stimulating the pancreas produce more insulin more insulin Sulfonylureas n n BiguanideBiguanide shutingshuting off the livers excess off the livers excess glucose production ,glucose production ,possibly contributing to minor weight loss n n MetforminMetformin Sulfonylureas n n Alpha-Alpha-GlucosidaseGlucosidase Inhibitors Inhibitors delaying the absorption of delaying the absorption of carbohydrate in the small carbohydrate in the small intestineintestine n n AcarboseAcarbose n n BiguanideBiguanide increasing the bodys sensitivity increasing the bodys sensitivity