中考英语专题复习 被动语态（语法考点精讲真题精炼）

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求被动语态考点一被动语态的用法被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。被动语态常用于以下场合：(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：My bike was stolen yesterday. 昨天我的自行车被偷了。(并不知道是谁偷了我的自行车)A knife is used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。(不必说明刀子被谁用)(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。如：The pen was used by my father. 这支钢笔是我父亲使用过的。The seat has been taken by Tom. 这个座位被汤姆占了。【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place等，没有被动语态。例I cant understand what the book is about because it in English. A. writesB. will writeC. will be writtenD. is written解析：句意：我不理解这本书是关于什么的，因为它是用英语写成的。此句中的it代替the book，是write这一动作的承受者，应用被动语态。所以选D。答案：D考点二主动语态变为被动语态的方法1. 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤主动语态变为被动语态时，通常遵循以下三个步骤：(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把主动语态的谓语动词改为与其时态相对应的被动形式，且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。(3)将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语，置于句后。“by+宾语”在句中常省略。请对比下面的主动句和被动句：主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China. 被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by themin the southeast of China. 2. 常考的几种被动结构“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be 的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表：被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时will/shall be+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being+过去分词现在完成时have/has been+过去分词含情态动词can/may/must. be+过去分词English isnt spoken by people here. 这儿的人不说英语。This book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever. 雷锋将永远铭记在我们心中。Many trees are being cut down now. 现在许多树正在被砍伐。Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 人造卫星已被许多国家发射到太空中去。All the exercises must be finished before school is over. 所有这些习题必须在放学前做完。例1Our teacher says that the classroom must every day. A. cleanB. will cleanC. be cleaningD. be cleaned解析：句意：我们老师说教室必须每天打扫。句子要用被动语态，即“be+动词的过去分词”，而且句中有情态动词must，be动词用原形，故此题选D。答案：D例2Can I have my mobile phone back? I need it now. OK，here it is. It just before you arrived. A. mendedB. is mendedC. was mended解析：句意：“我能把我的手机拿回来吗? 我现在需要它。”“好的，给你。在你到之前，它刚刚被修好。”此题考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知选C。答案：C考点三含双宾语的主动语态变被动语态含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时有两种方式：1. 通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保持不变。如： He told us a story. We were told a story(by him). My father gave me a new pen. I was given a new pen by my father. 2. 如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前有时要加介词to(在send，pass，write，give，show，bring等动词之后)或for(在buy，cook，make，order，choose等动词之后)。如：My teacher gave me some advice. Some advice was given to me by my teacher. My father bought me a new watch. A new watch was bought for me by my father. 例My father bought me a book yesterday. (改为被动语态)A book me yesterday. 解析：这是将含双宾语的主动句变成被动句。要注意加介词for。答案：was bought for考点四含复合宾语的主动句变被动句1. 含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句时，要将其中的宾语变成主语，宾语补足语不变。Jim asked Tom to go for a walk. Tom was asked by Jim to go for a walk. 2. 在主动句中，一些感官动词和使役动词，如hear，watch，see，feel，notice，listen to，look at，let，make，have和动词help等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，主动语态中要省去to，但在变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要补出。这正是：“感使动词好奇怪，to来to去费神猜。主动句里to拿走，被动句中to回来”。We often hear her sing in the room. She is often heard to sing in the room (by us). The boss made them work for 16 hours a day. They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss). 例The girl was often heard happily in her room. A. singB. to singC. singingD. sings解析：hear sb. do sth. “听见某人做了某事”，它的被动结构为sb. be heard to do sth. 。故本题答案选B。答案：B考点五短语动词的被动形式许多不及物动词加介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。在变为被动语态的时候，不能把短语动词分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。如：He always takes care of his sister. His sister is always taken care of (by him). She turned off the radio. The radio was turned off (by her). 例Dont worry. All the children by the nurses. A. are well taken care ofB. take good care ofC. are taken good care ofD. take good care解析：take good care of“照顾好”，它的被动结构为be taken good care of。故本题答案选C。 答案：C考点六主动形式表被动意义在有些情况下，我们要用动词的主动形式来表达被动意义。这些情况主要有以下几种：1. 动词need，want以及短语be(well)worth 等后常接动名词的主动形式，表示被动含义。如：The room needs cleaning. 这个房间需要打扫。My coat wants washing. 我的外套需要洗。The piece of music is worth listening to. 这首曲子值得听。【注意】动词need，want后接动名词表被动，句子的主语为物时，后面的动名词相当于动词不定式的被动结构。如：My coat wants washing. =My coat wants to be washed. 2. 某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词，如write，wash，sell，read，clean，cook等，常和副词well或easily连用，用主动形式表被动意义。这些动词在这种情况下，一般用作不及物动词。如：The pen writes well. 这支钢笔写起来流畅。1. (2016北京)A new road near my school next year. A. buildsB. will build C. is builtD. will be builtD 句意：靠近我校的一条新的公路明年将会建成。由标志词 next year 可知，时态为一般将来时 will do/be going to do。又由a new road和build之间是被动关系可知，谓语动词用被动语态“be done”。故选D。2. (2016天津)Paper first about 2，000 years ago in China. A. is;creatingB. is;createdC. has;createdD. was;createdD 首先，句中的. ago是一般过去时的标志；其次，“纸”和“制造”之间是被动关系。因此本题考查的是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是：was/were + 过去分词。故选D。3. (2016重庆)Mom，where is my model plane? Oh，it to Jenny yesterday. A. is lentB. lendsC. was lentD. lentC题干中it作主语，与lend是被动关系，应用被动语态，即“被送给”；又由yesterday可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故选C。4. (2016广东)He Jiang to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month. A. invitesB. invited C. is invitedD. was invitedD句意：上个月贺江被邀请在哈佛大学的毕业典礼上作报告。根据last month可知应用一般过去时态，又根据He Jiang与invite为被动关系知用被动语态，故答案选D。5. (2016河北)Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting. A. praisesB. praisedC. is praisedD. was praisedD句意：埃米莉很高兴在那次会议上她因诚实被表扬。praises为动词的第三人称单数形式；praised表示一般过去时；is praised是一般现在时的被动语态；was praised是一般过去时的被动语态。根据语境可知被表扬发生在过去，故选D。6. (2016江苏南京)Its reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre in September this year. A. completesB. is completedC. will completeD. will be completedD句意：据报道，江苏大剧院于今年九月份。由句中的时间状语this year知，用一般将来时态，又由句意知，用被动语态。故选D。7. (2016山东泰安)More chances for students to learn from each other if working in groups. A. provideB. are providedC. providedD. will provideB句中主语more chances与动词provide之间为被动关系，句子应用被动语态，故选B。句意：小组合作会给学生提供更多相互学习的机会。8. (2016青海西宁)I want to borrow the book，but I dont know how long it may . For two weeks. A. borrowB. be borrowedC. keepD. be keptD 句意：“我想借这本书，但是我不知道能够借多久。”“两周。”结合语境可知宾语从句中主语是动作的承受者，故用被