高考英语二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解 第三节 题组训练 3 环境保护

我带领班子成员及全体职工，积极参加县委、政府和农牧局组织的政治理论学习，同时认真学习业务知识，全面提高了自身素质，增强职工工作积极性，杜绝了纪律松散第三节 题组训练 3 环境保护A(2017河西区二模)Air pollution is getting more and more serious in many places around the world.The fact that public parks in cities become crowded proves that people long to breathe in green，open spaces.And，in these surroundings，they are generally both peaceful and peaceable.It is rare to see people being at odds or even fighting in a garden.It seems to be proved that if human beings can freely breathe and share air，there is no primary reason for them to struggle with one another.But do we only sense what life could be when we enjoy green spaces?The plant world silently shows us what a reflection of life truthfully is.It also helps us to a new beginning，urging us to care for our breath.We must，in turn，care for it，opposing any sort of pollution that destroys both our world and that of plants.The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is what exists between ourselves and the plant world.Often described as “the lungs of the planet”，the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen.But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit.If we continue to pollute the air by filling it with chemicals and destroy the ability of plants to restore it we will soon pull our world into an unavoidable disaster.Humans must learn to share life，both with each other and with plants.This task can be carried out only when each takes it upon her- or himself and only when all work together.The lesson taught by plants is that human life can only exist with nature.We must come to view the air，the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the protection of life and growth，rather than productive objects we can use and throw away freely.Perhaps then we would finally begin to live，rather than merely survive.1What does the underlined part “being at odds” mean?ARelaxing. BExercising.CHurrying. DConflicting.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据上一句中的“.they are generally both peaceful and peaceable.”可知，他们是和平的，因此很少看到有人争吵或打架等，因此猜测“being at odds”的意思为“起冲突”，故选D。2According to the first paragraph，what does the author suppose might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?ATo get their share of clean air.BTo pursue a comfortable life.CTo gain a higher social status.DTo seek economic benefits.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“It seems to be proved that if human beings can freely breathe and share air，there is no primary reason for them to struggle with one another.”可知，如果人们能自由地呼吸到新鲜空气，就没理由跟别人争斗，故选A。3What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?AThe massive burning of fossil fuels.BOur relationship to the plant world.CThe capacity of plants to renew polluted air.DLarge-scale deforestation across the world.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is what exists between ourselves and the plant world.”可知，作者最想让我们关注的是我们和植物世界的关系，故选B。4How can human beings achieve the goal of protecting the planet，according to the author?ABy showing respect for plants.BBy preserving all forms of life.CBy consuming all natural resources.DBy all making their efforts together.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“This task can be carried out only when each takes it upon her- or himself and only when all work together.”可知，人类想实现保护星球这个目标就要团结一致共同努力，故选D。 5What does the author suggest we do in order not to just survive，but live better?AExpand the range of living.BDevelop natures potentials.CShare life with nature.DExplore new resources.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是其第一句“Humans must learn to share life，both with each other and with plants.”可知，为了活得更好，我们应与自然分享生活。故选C。B(2017南开区二模)The temperature is sharply rising with each passing day.People，including many experts，find it difficult to slow down the process.However，leaving coal and major fossil fuels in the ground could help to limit climate change in the future，according to a new study.That is to say，a third of oil reserves on the earth，half of gas reserves and over 80 percent of current coal reserves should not be used before the year 2050.If we are to prevent global temperatures from rising above 2 degrees Celsius in the near future，we ought to carry out some measures to severely control the emissions from factories，vehicles and even our daily-life cooking.However，it is a goal that seems to be impossible in our eyes.“Policy makers in different countries must realize that their attempt to completely use the fossil fuels within their countries is wholly incompatible(矛盾的) with their hope to reach the 2-degree goal，” Dr Christophe McGlade at University College Londons Energy Institute said in a statement.“If they go ahead with developing their own resources，” he added，“they must be asked which reserves elsewhere should remain unburned in order for the carbon budget not to go beyond the limit.”Its not surprising to see how tapping into these unused reserves would be attractive.Energy-related industry is a big business all over the world.There are many coal reserves in China，Russia and the United States，along with over 260 thousand million barrels of oil reserves in the Middle East.Not to mention that oil is currently being developed in the Arctic.Companies spent over 670 billion last year in the expansion of fossil fuels，but according to the new model used in this latest study，developers may need to rethink their plans to develop these underground resources so as to make some contributions to control the world temperature from rising high in the future.“Weve now got practical figures of the quantities and locations of fossil fuels that should remain unused in trying to keep within the 2-degree temperature limit，”added McGlade.World leaders and policy makers should take the advice to heart，because a recent IPCC report warned that if immediate and great actions are not taken soon，climate change will cause irreversible(不可逆转的) impacts on environments worldwide，leaving the world an unsafe place for us to live in.语篇解读本文为议论文。论述了全球气候变化与化石燃料的关系。6According to Paragraph 1，our goal is to .Adiscover more fossil fuels for the future generationBslow down the climate changeCrefuse to use reserves on the earthDkeep the temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius答案D解析细节理解题。由首段中的“If we are to prevent global temperatures from rising above 2 degrees Celsius in the near future，we ought to.”及“However，it is a goal that.”可知答案为D。7The underlined word “emissions” in Paragraph 1 refers to “ ”Athings that are sent out into the airBproducts that are made from fossil fuelsCfactors that cause the climate changeDchanges that happen after temperature rise答案A解析词义猜测题。由前后语境可推知，画线词指的是“排放到空气中的物质”，故选A。8According to what McGlade said in Paragraph 2，all countries should .Amake full use of their fossil fuelsBwork together towards the 2-degree goalCfind better ways to dig out the coalDincrease the global carbon budget答案B解析推理判断题。通读第二段可推断出答案为B。9We can infer from Paragraph 3 that great efforts have been made in .Adigging out the oil in the Middle EastBgetting people to rethink their fuel plansCdeveloping fossil fuels around the worldDdeveloping energy-related industry worldwide答案C解析推理判断题。由第三段中的“tapping into these unused reserves”，“in the expansion of fossil fuels”及“developers may need to rethink their plans to develop these underground resources”可推断出答案为C。10What is the authors attitude towards the future of temperature control?AConfident. BNegative.CSatisfied. DUnclear.答案B解析观点态度题。由第一段首句和尾句及最后一段尾句可推测出作者对未来大气温度的控制持消极的态度。C(2017天津一中3月考)Styrofoam，or polystyrene，is a light-weight material，about 95 percent air，with very good insulation(隔热) properties，according to Earthsource org.It is used in products from cups that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging material that protects items during shipping.With the above good features，Styrofoam still enjoys a bad reputation.It cannot be recycled without releasing dangerous pollution into the air.The US.Environmental Protection Agency says it is the fifth-largest creator of harmful waste.But now the common worms which are usually disgusting can come to the rescue，specifically，mealworms.Scientists from the US.and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic.One mealworm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day.Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours，the plastic is turned into carbon dioxide.Since Styrofoam has no nutrition at all，are the worms hurt by eating plastic? Much to the scientists surprise，the study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as healthy as worms eating bran(谷糠)The researchers will study the worms eating habits and digesting system，looking to copy the plastic breakdown but on a larger scale.Once the way can be put into practice，it will make a revolutionary difference to the disposal of plastic.“Solving the issue of plastic pollution is important，”says Wu，a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor.After all，our earth is small and landfill space is becoming limited with too much garbage waiting to be dealt with，he says.About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year.Plastic plates，cups and containers take up 25 percent to 30 percent of space in Americas landfills.One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years to recycle in a landfill，according to Cleveland State University.语篇解读文章介绍了一种能够消化分解塑料的黄粉虫幼虫，研究者期待着模仿它们的分解和消化的方式从而解决回收利用塑料对环境造成的污染问题。11What do we know about Styrofoam?AIt can be used to cool drinks.BIt is a weightless material.CIt is harmful when recycled.DIt is usually used on ships.答案C解析细节理解题。第二段第二句“It cannot be recycled without releasing dangerous pollution into the air.”为双重否定，表达的是肯定的意思，即“它被回收时会向空气中释放危险的污染物”，故选C。12What can we infer from the third paragraph?AMealworms have amazing digesting power.BMealworms are not bad in their nature.CMealworms can rescue peoples lives.DPeople misunderstood mealworms in the past.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“Scientists from the US.and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic.One mealworm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day.”可知，黄粉虫幼虫有令人惊奇的消化能力，故选A。13Why will researchers study the worms eating habits and digesting system?ATo find ways to help mealworms grow larger.BTo imitate their ways of breaking down plastic.CTo help develop their digesting ability.DTo make sure of their safety after eating plastic.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第五段中“looking to copy the plastic breakdown but on a larger scale (期望模仿塑料的分解但是在更大的规模上)”推断研究者是为了模仿这些虫子分解塑料的方式，故选B。14In the future，plastic may be recycled .Aby raising amounts of mealwormsBby environmental engineering instructorsCusing a method inspired by eating mealwormsDwithout sending out dangerous pollution答案D解析推理判断题。文章介绍了一种能够消化分解塑料的黄粉虫幼虫，研究者期待着模仿它们的分解和消化的方式从而解决回收利用塑料对环境造成的污染问题，故推断一旦模仿成功，塑料的回收利用就不会危害环境，故选D。15Whats the main idea of this passage?AStyrofoam is widely used in daily life.BMealworms are genius at eating plastic.CPlastic recycling may be no more a problem.DPlastic can be turned into carbon dioxide.答案C解析主旨大意题。文章中作者首先提出了问题塑料的回收利用对环境造成污染；其次介绍了一种能消化分解塑料的虫子，并说明研究者期望通过理解和模仿从而最终解决塑料的回收利用对环境造成污染的问题；故说明也许塑料的回收利用不再是问题，故选C。D(2017河东区二模)In the dry Namib Desert on the west coast of Africa，one type of beetle has found a special way of surviving.When the morning fog arrives，the Namib Beetle collects water drops on its bumpy(起伏不平的) back，then lets the water roll down into its mouth，allowing it to drink in an area without flowing water.Shreerang Chhatre wants to use what nature has developed to help the worlds poor.Chhatre is an engineer at MIT who works on fog harvesting，the devices that，like the beetle，attract water drops.This way，poor villagers could collect clean water near their homes，instead of spending hours carrying water from distant wells of rivers.Access to water is a pressing global issue.According to the World Health Organization and UNICEF，nearly 900 million people worldwide live without safe drinking water.The burden of finding and transporting water falls heavily on women and children.“As a middle-class person，I think its terrible that the poor have to spend hours a day walking just to obtain a basic necessity，”Chhatre says.A fog-harvesting device consists of a fence-like mesh panel(网状面板)，which attracts drops，connected to containers into which water falls.Chhatre has improved the materials used in these devices.He is continuing his work at MIT Sloan and the Legatum Center in order to develop a workable business plan for applying fog-harvesting devices.Interest in fog harvesting dates back to the 1990s，and has increased since new research on the Namib Beetle became famous in 2001.A few technologists saw potential in the concept for people.One Canadian charitable organization，FogQuest，has tested projects in Chile and Guatemala.But fog harvesting remains in its infancy，technologically and commercially，as Chhatre readily recognizes.“It still faces some open problems，”he says.“But its work in progress.”After all，the water that fills our rivers and lakes comes from air.语篇解读文章介绍了科学家新研究出来的雾收集装置，它能在空气中收集水，因此对一些缺水地区是很有用的。16Which of the following is TRUE of Shreerang Chhatre?AHe is an African engineer.BHe is researching on the Namib Beetle.CHe has made the first fog-harvesting device.DHe is trying