高考英语总复习 微专题训练 第38练 社交礼仪类

一岗双责落实还不到位。受事务性工作影响，对分管单位一岗双责常常落实在安排部署上、口头要求上，实际督导、检查的少，指导、推进、检查还不到位。 第38练 社交礼仪类单词识记：classhabit title addressapologize appointment behave behaviorceremony gentleman manner tiptrust aggressive civilization embarrassedrespond misunderstand status punctual短语扫描：have a conversation with sb.与某人谈话in the/a habit of有的习惯win the respect of赢得的尊敬look down upon轻视；看不起put up with忍受；容忍turn down 拒绝；关小；调低(音量等)turn up出现；开大(声音等)；卷起apologize to sb.for sth.因为某事向某人道歉Id appreciate it if.如果我将不胜感激see you再见 跟踪训练.语境填词1Poor sleep _(习惯) can also be a data problem.2The author doesnt wish there to be any _ (misunderstand) of his argument.3The soldiers are a bit _(embarrass) by their performance.4The money will be used to repair faulty _(equip)5I mention the peoples of Asia，because their _(文明)is the oldest and strongest in the world.单项填空6It is said that little Bill hit his classmate on the head.He is thought to be a(an) _ boy，who is always ready to start a fight.Aashamed BawkwardCdesperate Daggressive7Mike apologized _ the teacher _ his coming late.Ato；for Bat；because ofCon；for Dto；because8At first the driver refused to accept any responsibility but he _ apologizing to the passenger.Akept up Bended upCturned up Dgave up9Dont worry.The students have decided to _ a peaceful solution.Aput up with Bcome up withCkeep up with Dbring forward10You should not rely on _ that she will be punctual _ your appointment.Ait；at Bthis；forC/；with Dit；for.阅读理解(2017贵州遵义航天高级中学模拟)“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more time poor than ever before，” says Patsy Rowe，“Manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar(雷达)” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people dont wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint about the noise.Here are some examples of rudeness.Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet.To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speed.When you have dinner with friends，you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone.We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings lifechanging news，so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with.What is worse，some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by email.However，rudeness is never acceptable.Dont assume it is OK to be rude if the person youre in touch with wont recognize you.If you have something awful to say，have the courage to face the person and say it，write a letter or email and sign it，or forget it.Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and annoying.We shouldnt blame technology for our shortcomings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.An important step is admitting our shortcomings.People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if wed publicly recognize good manners when we see them.1What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?APeople can tell good from bad behavior.BRadar is able to observe human behavior.CPeople care little about their behavior.DRadar can be used to predict human behavior.2Some people are less willing to deal with humans because_.Athey are becoming less patientBthey are growing too independentCthey have to handle many important messagesDthey have to follow an evolutionary step backward3The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is _.Aridiculous BhatefulCacceptable Dreasonable4What can we learn from the last paragraph?AWe should praise good behavior.BTechnology can never be blamed.CWe should keep pointing out mistakes.DTechnology will take over our lives one day.任务型阅读(2016镇江期中)Social SignatureSo what did the detailed data that we collected reveal？This question is best answered in terms of a characteristic that we decided to call the “social signature” of an individual，and in particular by looking at how this “social signature” changed over time.Imagine one of our participants during the first sixmonth observation window call some people very frequently，and others only occasionally，where the people called are likely to include relatives，close friends，and more distant acquaintances.If we now put the people called by our participant，with the person most frequently called in first position，the secondmost frequently called person in second position，and so on，then we can build a profile(简况) of how the participant allocated calls between all of their different social relationships.This profile is in fact what we call the “social signature”，and it reflects what fraction(部分) of calls a given participant placed to the person they call most，the fraction of calls the participant placed to the person they call secondmost，right down to the least frequently called person.So what was the “social signature” able to tell us?First，let me describe a general property that applied to the “social signatures” of all participants.The number of people that participants called frequently，with whom they had a strong relationship，was comparatively small.We may have five close friends and 20 acquaintances，but we are very unlikely to have 20 close friends and five acquaintances.If we look at the “social signature” in greater detail，we find that there were differences between different participants，so that one individual may have had three close friends and another seven.That is in fact why we chose the term “signature”Perhaps most interestingly，if we looked at the “social signature” of a given participant over the three consecutive sixmonth observation windows，we found that it remained quite stable.It is worth taking a moment to reflect why this should be surprising.The social world of our participants was undergoing a significant transition，with changes in both close and less close friendships.By the end of our study，the identity of some of the close friends of the participants had changed，and so these relationships were now with entirely different individuals，but the fraction of the calls participants placed to a counterpart almost didnt change.How can we understand the persistence of an individuals “social signature”？The key is that the pattern of our social relationships is shaped by a number of critical constraints(限制)Time：The first very general and quite inescapable constraint is that we only have a limited amount of time to maintain social relationships.Emotional Capital：The second constraint reflects the fact that a strong social relationship requires considerable emotional investment，and our stock of emotional capital is limited.Cognitive Limitations：The third constraint is biological in nature，and reflects the fact that they also limit the social relationships.Can the new social technologies that are accessible significantly change the three factors that we believe shape the patterns of our social interactions？Based on the behavior that we observed for our participants，at this point I would tend to answer no.TitleSocial SignatureThe concept of the “social signature”The “social signature” is a profile which is built according to how 5._ participants call people with different social relationships and it reflects the fraction of calls a given participant placed to the person they call.Features of the “social signature”There are variations between different participants. *Participants call a comparatively 6._ number of people with whom they have a strong relationship.*A large number of people are called less frequently，where the relationship is weak.*We are likely to have more 7._ than close friends.It remains quite stable.*It is 8._ to spend time reflecting why this should be surprising.*9._ the fact that the relationships change，the fraction of the calls participants placed to a counterpart remains largely 10._.The persistence of an individuals “social signature”The key to 11._ the persistence of an individuals “social signature” is that the pattern of our social relationships is shaped by some critical constraints.*Time：We only have a limited amount of time to maintain social relationships.*Emotional Capital：Considerable 12._ investment is required，and our stock is limited.*Cognitive 13._：They also limit the social relationships.ConclusionThe new social technologies that we have 14._ to are unlikely to change the three factors that may shape the patterns of our social interactions.答案精析第38练社交礼仪类高考高频单词与短语识记排查跟踪训练.1.habits2.misunderstanding3.embarrassed4.behavior5.civilization.6.D考查形容词辨析。句意为：据说小比尔打了他同学的头。大家认为他是一个好斗的孩子，总是爱打仗。ashamed惭愧的；awkward笨拙的；desperate令人绝望的，不顾一切的；aggressive好斗的，挑衅的，符合句意。7Aapologize经常跟to和for连用，apologize to sb.for sth.因为某事向某人道歉。8B考查动词短语辨析。句意为：最初这位司机拒不承认有任何责任，最后还是向乘客道了歉。keep up保持；end up结束，最后；turn up出现；give up放弃。9Bcome up with找到或提出(答案、办法等)。10Drely on后用it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语；be punctual for.意为“在方面很准时”。句意为：你别指望她会准时赴约。阅读能力专练.语篇解读 这篇短文主要讲述了随着生活节奏的加快，人们变得越来越无礼，很多人不再关心礼貌问题。现在有越来越多的人喜欢借助于电子产品来做一切事情，比如用手机发匿名的恶意短信。但是无论如何，这种粗鲁的行为是不可接受的，出现这个问题，我们需要谴责的不是这些电子产品，而是要不断检查我们自己的行为，认识到什么才是正确的行为习惯。1C推理判断题。联系上文“People are ruder today.”及下文描述可推知选C。2A细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speed.”可知，他们对于与真实的人打交道变得更没耐心了。故选A。3B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and annoying.”可知，用匿名的短信骚扰别人是残忍和令人讨厌的，故选B。4A段落大意题。这段主要讲述了我们应该了解我们的缺点，但是如果公开的认可好的行为习惯，将会更有帮助，故选A。.5often/frequently根据文章第一段第四句“.we can build a profile(简况) of how the participant allocated calls between all of their different social relationships.” 可知，社交特征是根据参与者给不同社会关系的人打电话的频率而建立的简况。由“most frequently”和“the secondmost frequently”可知填often/frequently。6small根据第二段第二句可知，与参与者关系稳固的、经常打电话的人的数量相对较少。根据“comparatively small”可知填small。7acquaintances根据第二段第三句可知，我们认识的熟人要比密友多。由“.and 20 acquaintances.”可知填acquaintances。8worthwhile根据第三段第二句“It is worth taking a moment to reflect why this should be surprising.”可知，花一点时间来反思这为什么会令人惊讶是值得