中考英语复习 题型解读 题型三 阅读技能课件

PK 中考英语湖南 题型三 阅读技能 短文理解 1 阅读表达 22 阅读技能四大题型 阅读判断 3 摘录要点 4 此类题型主要考查学生的理解、归纳、判断和 识别的能力。根据所给阅读材料，从三个选项中， 选出符合题干的选项。可以考查学生对文章内容的 理解，对词汇及句意的理解，也可以考查学生的归 纳、总结能力等。 短文理解 1 做题时一定要采用多种方法来进行选择。首先 要读准题干要求，然后抓住文章重点句式和段落， 排除干扰选项，确定正确答案。 1抓住中心句。阅读文章时要特别注意每段 的笫一句话和最后一句话，因为它们往往是这一段 文章的主要内容、中心思想和关键所在，抓住这些 便能准确、快速地解题。 2体味关键词。 短文理解的文章中允许出 现3%的生词，细品文章时，对于在文章中所遇到的 一些生词应区别对待，与文章内容或要 解决的问 题有关的生词要结合上下文语境，通过构词法、对 比、因果等关系推测，理解其词义；与文章内容或 要解决的问题没有太大关系，且较难、较偏、甚至 较专业的词汇，可以将其忽略，以免浪费时间。 短文理解的题型分类 2.推理判 断题 3.词义推 测题 4.主旨大 意题 1.细节理 解题 细节（理解）题是针对文章的某个细节而设的 题目，解题时可根据文章某一处或某几处细节来答 题。细节题在文中可以直接找到答案。问题包括询 问人（who）、物（what)、时间( when) 、地点 (where)、原 因（why)，结果(effect)等。 1.细节理 解题 例文： （2016年长沙） The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th of the first month of the lunar calendar(阴历). This day is always the first full moon in the new year. Ancient people also called it Shangyuan Festival. Celebrations and traditions on this day began from the Han Dynasty（朝代）and became popular in the Tang Dynasty. （ ）When did celebrations and traditions of the Lantern Festival start from? A. The Han Dynasty. B. The Tang Dynasty. C. The Song Dynasty. 解析：细节 理解题。根据文中最 后一句可知，元宵节起源于汉朝。 A 2.推理判 断题 推理判断题属于主观题，难度较高。其答案无 法在文章中直接找到。这类题目要求在理解表面 文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章 的隐含的深层的意思，也就是通过文字信息、上 下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息， 推断出文章没有直接表达的信息。 l推测作者写作目的或意图的设题形式有： (1) The purpose in writing this text is to (2) The author write this passage to_. 2推测文章的观点或结论的设题形式有： (1) Which of the following is true according to the passage ？ (2) Whats the writers opinion about? (3) What can we learn from the passage? 3推断文章出处的设题形式有： (1)Where can we read the passage? (2)The passage is most likely to be taken from . 例文 2016年衡阳节选 At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got new hope and confidence. I found myself standing at the top of the sky, which was as clear as crystal（水晶 ）.（文章最后一段） We can learn from the paragraph that _. A. the writer was very successful in his life B. the writer didnt reach the top of the mountain C. though the writer was young, he could understand his father. 解析：文章最后一段往往是文章主旨句的 所在。根据第一句可知C错误 ；根据最后 一句可知B错误 。 A 3.词义推 测题 词义 猜测题 是指在阅读过 程中根据对语 篇的信息、逻辑 、 背景知识、语言结构及生活常识和经验 等的综合理解去猜测或 推断单词 或短语的意义。词义 猜测题 一般为推断生词词义 和猜 测熟词新义的能力，一般常见的设题 形式有以下两种： 1. What does the underlined word“”mean? 2.What does the underlined word“指示代词”refer to? 例文 (2016年长沙节选) Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12-year-old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of hand-washing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldnt eat with me unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “Its not up to you to tell me what to do!” Stunned（目瞪口呆 的），Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest, Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. The underlined word “protest ” in this passage means _. A抗议 B保护 C 节约 解析：词义 猜测题 。根据末 句可知，她那天晚上拒绝吃 饭是为了向父亲提出抗议。 根据上下文语境可推知 protest意为“抗议”。 A 4.主旨大 意题 主旨大意题主要考查对文章或段落的中心思想的理解。主旨 大意的题型主要有：选择最佳标题、概括段落大意、指明写作 目的等。 一般而言，文章或段落的开头或结尾会有主题句，其 他内容都是围绕主题句展开的。做主旨大意题的关键是找到主 题句或是概括文章主题大意。其主要设题方式有： 1. What would be the best title for the passage? 2. Whats the main idea of the passage? 3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2？ 例文 2016年长沙节选 For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, lets avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world. The purpose of the writer is to _. Ateach people how to wash hands Bcall on people all over the world to save water Cshow developing countries rich in clean water 解析：文章主旨大意题。这段是节 选了文章最后一段，作者呼吁我们 不要浪费水资源，采取措施来节水 。 B 阅读表达 22 阅读表达型阅读理解是一种读写结合的阅读理解题型。 阅读表达型阅读解题步骤: u 1.浏览问题，带题阅读。阅读表达型阅读理解 一般是先浏览短文后的问题，再带着问题去阅 读文章。 u 2组织语言，书写规范。回答问题时，要注意 词语的运用，务求表达准确。注意所用词语的 时态要与问句或原文一致，词与词之间的搭配 要正确，主谓要一致等。 u 3检查答案，简洁明了。答案越简单明了越好 。这样能减少答句中出现语法、拼写错误等问 题。 例题 （2016年长沙） France is well known for its fine art, tasty food and romantic scenery（风景）. About 75 million visitors come here every year.（文章第一段） 61How many visitors come to France every year? 解析：根据文章第一段末句可知。每年去法国的游览者大约有七千 五百万人。 答案：About 75 million. Many visitors also come for the countrys art. Sculptor（雕刻家 ）Auguste Rodin and painter Claude Monet once created their great works here. If you visit France today, it is not a surprise to meet street artists in the city or come across a singer in the subway. （文章第三 段） 62Is it common to meet street artists in the city? 解析：根据本段最后一句可知。如果你如今去参观法国，在城 市遇到街头艺术家或是地铁遇到歌手并不是一件很稀奇的事。 答案 : Yes,it is. No visit to Paris is complete without a trip to Louvre, one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. Inside, there are 35,000 works of art, such as the painting Mona Lisa by Da Vinci and the statue（雕塑）David by Michelangelo. It would take nine months to enjoy all the pieces.(文章第四段) 63Who created the famous painting Mona Lisa? 解析：根据问句中的Mona Lisa 查读文章可知，第二句“by Da Vinci”意为“由达芬奇所画”。 答案：Da Vinci. Besides, French food is world famous. Bread is very important in France. The best known French bread is called a baguette（法棍面包）. They are long, delicious and taste salty. Snails （蜗牛）are also a must-have here. French people eat 40,000 tons of snails every year!（文章第五段） 64Besides bread, what food is also a must-have for French people? 解析：根据文章第五段末句可知除了面包外，蜗牛也还法国 人必吃的。 答案：Snails. But France is not always good. Paris, the city of light, may also show its dark side to visitors. Chinese visitors feel sorry about the crowded subway in Paris.(文章第六段) 65Why do Chinese visitors feel sorry about the subway in Paris? 解析:根据文章第六段末句可知,中国游客对法国地铁太拥 挤感到不满。 答案：Because it is crowded. 阅读判断 3 阅读判断型阅读理解即在短文后给出若干句子，要求根 据短文的内容，判断句子是否正确。有的句子在短文相关内 容基础上进行了改编，要么意思相近或相反，要么转换词语 或结构等。 阅读判断型阅读大多为细节理解题，通常可以在文章中 直接找到答案。难度较小。 阅读判断型阅读理解解题步骤 ： l1通读原文，捕捉文中提供的信息，抓住短文大 意和全文脉络。 l2审读题目，把握句子含义，在原文中找出与每 个句子相关的段落或句子，进行判断。 l3将短文重读一遍，对每个小题进行复查，似是 而非的，一定要回到原文进行重新判断。 阅读短文，根据短文内容判断所给句子正(T)误(F)。 2016年邵阳 Reading is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons. First, reading is fun. You can always keep yourself if you like reading. If you like reading, you will never feel bored or tired.（文章第一段） 41. According to the passage, reading can keep you bored and tired. 解析：根据文章第一段末句可知41题错误的。 Next, you can read a book almost anywhere: in a car, on a plane, or even in the bathroom. All you need is a book!（ 文章第二段） 42. You can read a book almost everywhere. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一句可知，你几乎可以 在任何一个地方读书。所以42题是正确的。 Another good reason for reading is that it is useful. If you read as a hobby, you will get better and better at it. And you will read faster and find it easier to understand what you read. As your reading skills improve, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much better.（文章第三段） 43. If your reading skills improve, your schoolwork will become much better. 解析：细节理解题。根据本段末句可知，随着你的阅读 技能的提升，你或许会觉得你的学业会比以前好许多。所 以43题是正确的。 Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You can read on computers, and the better you read, the better your computer skills will be.（文章第四段） 44. It is true that reading is out of date. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一、二句可知， 阅读并不是过时的。所以第44题不正确。 Good readers may become writers, too. They always have more things to write about.（文章第五段） 45. Good readers may become writers. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句可知。 善于阅读的人也可能成为作者。所以45题是正确的 。 摘录要点 4 摘录要点题是阅读理解新题型中 一种常考题型 ，主要考查学生的阅读能力和语言概括能力。表格 以一种更直观的形式体现阅读材料的内容，它是对 阅读材料的整理、分类、总结或概括。表格中考查 的内容往往是who，when，why，what， where等以及文章的分类等。 该题型以细节题为主，以分类概括题为辅。多数 题可以在文章中直接找到答案。题型难度较小。 2016年湘潭 What do you do during your free time? Travel ? Play with friends? Well , some American teenagers over the age of 14 may get a part-time job. Their part-time jobs can be taking care of children, waiting tables or even working at a movie theater. But why do teens do this? Some want to have extra(额外的) money. Others want to start saving money for college because some US parents may not pay for their childrens tuition（学费）. Some teens might want to save money