英语作文写法洪飞霞.ppt

英英 语语 写写 作作 技技 巧巧 -英才学校洪飞霞 高二 技 巧 1. 使用较高级的词汇 3. 使用恰当的连接词 词汇反映你知识贮存量的 多少，也是衡量英语水平 的一个重要标志。 运用得当的句子结构可以 给文章增色不少，从而使 整篇文章因此而生辉 。 使用恰当连接词，对写一 篇有“英语味”的文章很重 要，能使文章上下衔接自 然、紧凑。 增强书面表达效果的技巧增强书面表达效果的技巧 2. 使用较丰富的句式 考纲要求： 要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考 生应能： （1）准确使用语法、词汇、人称、 时态； （2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚 、连贯地表达自己的意思。要求考生 根据提示写一篇120词左右的英语作 文。提示有图表、图画或文字说明等 。 1、定义：议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的 观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。 议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证. 一、议论文 2、篇章结构大概如下： 开始部分（opening paragraph）说出文中的要点、核心问题。 正文部分（Body paragraphs）围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。 结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）对全文的总结和概括。 要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、 连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。 第一段：开门见山直接指出讨论的话提 。 Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city。可用如下固定语： We have had a heated discussion about whether We had a discussion about whether students should be allowed to Weve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to Im writing to tell you about a discussion we have had about whether students should be allowed to 第二段:过渡词引出主题句-一些人的观点-其他人的观点 -自己的观-理由 Opinions are divided on this issue. Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter. Different people, however, think quite differently on this matter. Some of my classmates are in favor of ,However, others (other people ) are against the idea. they say Whats more , also some think 1、开头过渡句： 60percent of the students are for the idea. 70 percent of the students think it necessary to Some people think that According to them, all of us should. Some believe that They are of the opinion that Whats more, we can as well as Besides, its , which One hand 70% of the students think they should. 2、介绍正方观点： 3、进一步介绍正方观点 Whats more, we can as well as Besides, its , which However, of the students think On the other hand, of the students think However, others have different opinions. But of the students think Others argue that In their opinion,However, of the students think On the other hand, On the other hand, about 30% of the students think However, others have different opinions. But of the students think Others argue that In their opinion, 5、进一步介绍反方观点 Whats more, we can as well as Besides, its , which 4、介绍反方观点 I do agree with the author In some way, I agree with , but This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical. It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, To a great extent, Im for the writer idea. In my opinion, From my personal point of view As far as Im concernedWhats worse In addition, Besides, Plus, First, Second, Third, From my point of view, is necessary, 6、介绍自己的观点： Some of my classmates are in favor of the move .They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams .They also say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. Whats more, moving may cause the death of some animals. 列如： All in all , In my opinion to move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing. It will be good for developing of Beijing. 第三段最后一段 : 一到两句话总结全文。 可用开头用语： In conclusion, In short, To make a long story short, In general, In a word, In brief简单扼要地, On the whole, All in all, The students of class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood. Opinions are divided on this issue. Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood. As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. This will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning. But others do not agree. Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very easy for them to mix them up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning. In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet. Whats more, Whats worse, _ had a discussion about whether_. Opinions are divided on this issue. _of the students think _ should _. _. Whats more, _. On the other hand, _ of the students think _ shouldnt _. Whats worse, _. In short, _ have not arrived at any agreement yet. 议论文模块示范 三班的同学进行了一场有关英语学习的讨论。讨论的题 目是：学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始？请你根据下表中的 提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。 一些同学认为认为 1应应从儿童时时期开始学习习英 语语2儿童时时期记忆记忆 力好，可 以记记 住很多单词单词 3能为为以后的英语语学习习打下 坚实坚实 的基础础 另一些同学认为认为 1.不应应从儿童时时期开始学习习英语语 2.儿童时时期既要学汉语汉语 拼音又要 学英语语，易混淆 3.会影响汉语汉语 学习习和今后的英语语 学习习 注意：1（发挥想象提出自己的观点）； 2词数：文章的起始句已给出写一篇100字左右的文章（不包括已给的起句）； 3参考词汇：基础 foundation 汉语拼音 Chinese pinyin I can do The students of class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood. Opinions are divided on this issue. Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood. As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. Whats more, this will also help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning (更 重要的是，这也将有助于为以后的英语学习打下坚实的基 础 ).But others do not agree. Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very likely for them to mix them up. This will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning. From my personal point of view, I do agree to the first idea. Because English plays an important part of developing in the world. In short, no matter the future English learning should start from childhood, English is also very important. We must learn English very well for Chinas development . Summary: 整体三部分 1.Heading 开始部分（opening paragraph）说出文中的要点、核心 问题。 2. Body 正文部分（Body paragraphs）围绕主题开展叙述、讨 论。 3. Ending 结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）对全文的总结和概 括 要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。 前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。 1、Learn by heart the useful expressions we learnt today. 2、Write a short passage according to the following Information. Homework 欢迎你的光临 请留下宝贵建议 See you! 第三段：怎样写结尾段：指出观点总结全文 ( 可用表示总结全文的短语、句型)。例如 However, now whenever I am to lose my patience, Ill think of the experience of waiting for a bus. All in all, patience is very important. Everyone should have patience to do everything. 二、记叙文 概括所给短文内容要点注意：利用原文中所给的语 言材料，用自己的话来写；概括后的文章意思要通顺 ，行文要连贯。具体方法和要求: 第一段概括：要做到开门见山,抓住要点,语言精练,列 出原文作者观点或内，常用的开头句型有如下 ： According to the passage, This article is mainly about The writer states that In this passage, the writer mainly tells us In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of fishing and was taught an unforgettable lesson by an old man. He knew the importance of patience and finally got some fish.(33 words） 第一段：开头，直接提出主题。 第二段：怎样写过渡句连接即将要描述的事情。可利用 一些起承上启下作用的连词、短语、句型。 例如 1. It occurs to me that a similar story of mine happened 3 years ago and taught me a lesson. 2. I had a similar experience at one time, too. 3. As far as I am concerned, I have a similar experience . 4. I have such a similar experience, too. 5. I have a similar experience to the writers. 6. I also have a similar experience. I also have an experience about being patient. I would like you, the reader, to share it with me. 例一： I have a similar experience. Once I waited for the bus at the stop for 30 minutes, no bus came. I couldnt wait any longer and decided to walk to school. But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes. Only then did I realize the importance of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts that we have made. Patience also plays an important part in our study and work. With it we can achieve greater success. 例二： 三、说明文 主要的出题形式如下： 1、文字+表格 2、图表 3、图画 一是以表格形式, 将统计的数据或 被说明的事物直 接用表格形式体 现出来,即统计 表（table） 。 Item19941995199619971998 Food65%60%48%42%35% clothing8%9%12%l15%17% Recreation3%5%7%8%10% Others24%26%33%35%38% Total100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 矩形的竖行和横行进行排列的表格 图表类说明文的类型 二、 表示总体内部结构变化的扇形 图画（ pie chart ） 三、 表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异 的柱状图（ bar chart / graph ）; 表示两组数的关系-通常为函数关系图 四、是以图形形式 A 表示数据变化的曲线图（ graph ）; 第一步：门见山地点明图图形、表格、图画等 所反映的主题,即conclusion. 1、图表/数据：table, chart, graph， figure（数据） ； 2、动词： describe， tell, show, represent 常用句型有： 1.The graph/chart/table above the above graph/chart, it can be seen that. 3. (正如) is shown in the graph, . 4. has been shown from the table that shows From As It 常使用的词汇有: 第二步：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写（ 在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或 对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由），注意层次 即 提供facts and reasons。 一、涉及表数据增长/减少的词汇: 4、表示下降的名词: 3、表示下降的动词: 1、表示上升的动词: 2、表示上升的名词: rise，increase，climb，go up , ； rise，increase, ; fall，decline，decrease，drop， go down, ; fall，decline，decrease，drop, ; 5、表示平稳:remain steady/unchanged; 二、表示 Facts的常用句型 1.There was a great /slight increase /rise in 2.There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in 3.The rate dropped slightly from 38%into 31% in 4. By comparison with,it decreased/increased/fell fromto 5. Statistics show a 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year. 6. The population owning mobile phones increased by 10% in 1999. 说明文的写作方法： 列举法-用事例说明主题可用表示顺序的示意 词来突出每个实例。如： first, second, third, first, secondly, finally, the first thing (point) is, the second thing (point) is, the third thing(point) is, first of all, also, finally, one, another, the last 以事物的重要性来排列顺序，可使文章层次清楚， 重点突出。 如： for one thing, also, the worst thing is, first of all, apart from that, the most important is, for one thing, what is more, the most, one important, more importantly, the most important, one problem, another problem,the most serious problem, 三、表示Reasons的常用句型: 1. The reason is that 2. One may think of the change as a 3. The change in largely results _ the fact that .This brings the important fact that . .is the key (因素)in . It is because of _ result of why/for from out factor that 四、涉及到倍数的表达 : five times as many as doubled fourmore 1.The number /rate has nearly _ （ 是的两倍）, as against that of last year. 2.The number is that of. （是的5倍) =The number is times than in( 比多倍) 常用表达： 1. in a ,/ in short,（简而言之） / _ 2. speaking（总的来说） 2. summary, it is important 3. From what has been discussed above, we can (得出结论）that 4. _（很明显地）, if we want to, it is necessary 5. _(毫无疑问) attention must be paid to 6. I _(建议)the government take effective measures to 7. _, I think(就我来看) the “golden week” should remain, for 第三步：归纳总结或发表评论。 suggest There is no doubt that Obviously/Apparently In generally word personally draw the conclusion 写作内容 根据以上数据,写一篇短 文,包括以下内容: 1.调查时间,调查问题,以 及调查对象; 2.男女生在以明星为偶像 方面的差异; 3.”父母”在男女生偶像中 的排序差异; 4.男女生在以伟人为偶像 方面的异同; 5.你的偶像及理由。 范文剖析 1._ Last week，we did a survey among 2 ，600 students on “Who is your idol”. 2._ The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols，while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. 3._ As the data shows， “parents” rank the second for the girls， but the fourth for the boys. 4._ However， the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. 5._ As for mys