2015职称英语(综合A)字典书(完形填空).doc

11School Lunch学校午餐Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to provide meals at lunchtime. Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. 研究显示，在英国超过一半以上的儿童将午餐带到学校去吃而不是在中午饭点正常吃。英国学校在午餐时间会正常提供午餐，孩子们可以选择带餐过去或者在食堂就餐。One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict standards for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes examined by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime. 在此项研究中，一项令人震惊的发现显示，学校提供的午餐比家长准备的更加健康。学校午餐有着严格的准备标准：包括一份水果、一种蔬菜和肉、奶制品以及含有大量淀粉的食物，如面包、意大利面食。然而被检查的学生自带的饭盒中含有甜饮料、薯条和巧克力棒。学生摄取的糖分是他们应当在午餐中摄取的2倍。The research will provide a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot criticise parents, but it can remind them of the nutritional value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their childrens diet can affect their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating habits at this age, and parents are the only ones who can prevent it. 这份调查研究对为什么在过去的十年中英国学生的超重人数上升提供了一个更好的解释。但不幸的是，政府不能批评家长但却可以提醒他们牛奶、水果、蔬菜的营养价值。孩子们饮食上小小的改变可能会影响他们未来的健康。孩子们在这样的年龄段很容易养成坏习惯，家长却是唯一能够阻止这件事发生的人。12 APowerfulInfluence强大的影响TherecanbenodoubtatallthattheInternethasmadeahugedifferencetoourlives.ParentsareworriedthatchildrenspendtoomuchtimeplayingontheInternet,hardlyeverdoinganythingelseintheirsparetime.Naturally,parentsarecurioustofindoutwhytheInternetissoattractive,andtheywanttoknowifitcanbeharmfulfortheirchildren.Shouldparentsworryiftheirchildrenarespendingthatmuchtimestaringattheircomputers?毫无疑问，互联网给我们的生活带来了巨大改变，家长们担心孩子们在网上花费大量的时间，在他们的课余时间几乎不做其他事情。自然而然地家长们好奇找出网络之所以吸引人的原因，并且他们想知道这是否会对他们的孩子造成伤害。花了大量的时间盯着电脑看，家长们是否应该担心呢？Obviously,ifchildrenarebentovertheircomputersforhours,absorbedinsomegame,insteadofdoingtheirhomework,thensomethingiswrong.ParentsandchildrencoulddecidehowmuchusethechildshouldmakeoftheInternet,andthechildshouldgivehisorherwordthatitwontinterferewithhomework.Ifthechildisnotholdingtothisarrangement,theparentcantakemoredrasticstepsdealingwithachildsuseoftheInternetisnotmuchdifferentfromnegotiatinganyothersortofbargainaboutbehaviour.很显然，如果孩子在电脑上花费了太长时间，如沉迷网络游戏，而不是做功课，就是不对的。家长和孩子应该决定多大程度上利用电脑，并且孩子应该保证这不会干预他的功课。如果孩子没坚守这个安排，家长会采取更加严厉的措施处理孩子对网络的应用，这样与协商任何关于这样的行为的讨价还价无异。Anyparentwhoisseriouslyalarmedaboutachildsbehaviourshouldmakeanappointmenttodiscussthematterwithateacher.Spendingtimeinfrontofthescreendoesnotnecessarilyaffectachildsperformanceatschool.EvenifachildisabsolutelycrazyaboutusingtheInternet, heorsheisprobablyjustgoingthroughaphase,andinafewmonthstherewillbesomethingelsetoworryabout! 任何家长对孩子这样的行为产生警觉时应该与老师讨论一下，在电脑屏幕前太长时间并不一定会影响孩子的在校表现，即使一个孩子已经疯狂地迷恋使用网络，他也许仅仅是在度过一个时期，几个月以后还会有其他事情去担心。13 The Old Gate古老之门In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious diseases. The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century. The last of Londons gates was removed a century ago, but by a stroke of luck, it was never destroyed. 在中世纪，绝大多数欧洲城市都有城墙围绕着。城墙一方面是为了防御外敌，但另一方面是阻止任何不受欢迎的人入城，比如患有传染病的人。伦敦古城的城门，均在18世纪末被拆毁。伦敦最后一道城门也在一个世纪之前迁移，但是极其幸运的是，它从未遭到破坏。This gate is, in actual fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in storage because its design was unfashionable it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the traffic. 事实上，这道门，完全不能称其为门；它的名字叫圣殿酒吧区，是伦敦古城与威斯敏斯特的分界线。1878年，伦敦议会将其推倒，给石头编了号，并将它们储藏。原因是这个门设计老套，维修费用昂贵，并且堵塞交通。The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970s with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the preservation of the nations architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Pauls Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced, though there is a good chance that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest job of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate. 在20世纪70年代，最初为了恢复城门，建立了圣殿酒吧区信托基金，目的是保存国家的建筑遗产。运送城门如同亲手将它推倒一般不易，一块石头接着一块石头，搬运再重建。它坐落在圣保罗大教堂附近，尽管基本的结构可能很稳固，但城门的大部分外观将被替换。然而，其中最难的工作是重建曾经屹立在城门的君主们的雕像。14、FamilyHistory 家族史Inanagewhentechnologyisdevelopingfasterthaneverbefore,manypeoplearebeingattractedtotheideaoflookingbackintothepast.Onewaytheycandothisisbyinvestigatingtheirownfamilyhistory.Theycantrytofindoutmoreaboutwheretheirfamiliescamefromandwhattheydid.Thisisnowafastgrowinghobby,especiallyincountrieswithafairlyshorthistory,likeAustraliaandtheUnitedStates.在科技空前发展的时代，当下很多人对回首往事沉迷不已。回首过去的一种方法是研究各自的家族历史。人们试图查明更多的历史，例如，他们的家族来自哪里，他们以什么为生。这已经成为一种快速增长的业余爱好，特别是有相当短历史的国家，如澳大利亚、美国。Itisonethingtospendsometimegoingthroughabookonfamilyhistoryandtotakethedecisiontoinvestigateyourownfamilyspast.Itisquiteanothertocarryouttheresearchworksuccessfully.Itiseasytosetaboutitinadisorganisedwayandcauseyourselfmanyproblemswhichcouldhavebeenavoidedwithalittleforwardplanning.花费时间去查阅一本有关家族史的书，并促使你去探究家族的过去是一方面，成功地实施这项研究工作却是另一方面。杂乱无序地开始很容易。但如果开始有一点点计划，就能避免引起那么多麻烦。Ifyourownfamilystoriestellyouthatyouareconnectedwithafamouscharacter,whether heroorcriminal, donotletthisideatakeoveryourresearch.Justtreatitasaninterestingpossibility.Asimplesystemforcollectingandstoringyourinformationwillbeadequatetostartwith;amorecomplexonemayonlygetinyourway.Themostimportantthing,though,istogetstarted.Whoknowswhatyoumightfind如果你家族的故事写着你与某个名人有着一定的关系，不论是英雄或者罪人，都不要让这个话题替代了你的研究。把它当成一个有趣的可能事件再好不过。用一个简单的系统来搜集和存储信息足以让你有个好的开头，越复杂的方式可能只会扰乱你的方寸。尽管开头是最重要的事情，但谁知道你会发现什么呢？15、HelenandMartin海伦和马丁Withathoughtfulsigh,Helenturnedawayfromthewindowandwalkedbacktoherfavouritearmchair.Wouldherbrotherneverarrive?Forabriefmoment,shewonderedifshereallycaredthatmuch.海伦若有所思地叹了口气，转身离开了窗户，向她最喜欢的扶手椅走去坐了下来。哥哥将永远不再回来了吗？这种想法在她脑海里迅速闪过后，她又想自己是否真的很在意他的到来。OvertheyearsHelenhadgivenupwaitingforMartintotakeaninterestinher.Herfeelingsforhimhadgraduallyweakeneduntilnow,asshesatwaitingforhim,sheexperiencednomorethanasisterscuriositytoseewhathadbecomeofherbrother.这些年来，海伦已经放弃了等待马丁对她产生兴趣。她一直坐那等他，对他的感觉到现在已经渐渐地变淡了。她所有的不过是个妹妹的好奇心，想知道她的哥哥到底发生了什么事。Almostwithoutwarning,MartinhadlosthisjobwithabusypublishingcompanyafterspendingthelasteightyearsinNewYorkasa