高三语法复习动词.doc

语法复习(八)-动词一、连系动词类连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：1变化类 表事物发展变化的过程，如:become, get, turn, grow, make, go, fall go bad / hungry / mad / wrong，fall (fell-fallen) ill / asleepfeel (felt-felt) sick / sleepy2感觉类 表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。 His voice sounds nice. The dish tastes delicious.3状态类 表事物所处的状态，如keep, stay, remain, lie, sit, stand prove, turn outThe weather turned out (to be)fine. He proved (to be) honest / an honest person. 注：be, become, turn, remain 可带名词He remains a teacher.=He is still a teacher.He became a teacher. He turned teacher.4外表特征类 表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, look等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel, get, become, grow等）外，一般不用于进行时态和被动结构。另外还有:It looks as if It seems as if / that It appears thatIt looks as if it is going to rain.It appears as if she has lost internet in her job.It seems that he cant stop coughing.二、感官动词类常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。1后接不带to的不定式表示动作的整个过程或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.When you go to watch the football match, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.2后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3后接V-ed形式表被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his hometown greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.三、使役动词类表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种：1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”,但get 后接 to不定式作宾补。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to.If you have any problems, just let me know.在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have,get不用于被动结构中.He was made to apologize to the guest.2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired.Ill keep you informed as soon as I have the news.四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，其中V-ing表示令人-的, 而V-ed则表示 感到.的The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.五、后接不定式动词（不接动名词）作宾语的常用动词afford, agree, arrange, ask, beg, fail, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, fear, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等等。Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.He cant afford to buy a new computer. They managed to avoid an accident.六、后接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的常用动词admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, forbid, stand，bear（忍受）, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, permit, practice（practise），report, risk, stop, suggest, understand, , miss(错过)，postpone（推迟）, resist(抵制),put off, give up, be worth, be busy (in)，get down to, devoteto, look forward to, be used to(习惯于), lead to, succeed in, spend/waste time (in)，have a good/hard time (in) , have difficulty /trouble (in)等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如；I dont mind waiting, but Ive got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.七、接不定式作宾补的常用动词advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command(命令), drive(驱使), elect, encourage, expect, forbid, force(强迫), get, help, intend（打算）, invite, leave（委托）, would like, mean, need, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind(提醒), tell, train, want, warn, wish八、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, cant help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：动词接动名词作宾语接 不定式作宾语remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作try 尝试做某事 努力做某事regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾mean 意味着做某事 企图（打算）做某事cant help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事go on 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事去做别的事I dont really mean to work there, which means leaving the job here soon afterwards.九、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go, come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.十、主动表被动动词类英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：1某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.Written in simple English, this article reads easily.2.某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业），close（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh（重), measure（量）, act（上演）等。The door wont shut.This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons.3某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版），come up（出现），come into being（产生）come to ones mind(想起），turn out（证明是），come about（发生），break out爆发），belong to (属于）等常用主动形式,无被动。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you.十一、虚拟语气动词类insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)动词原形”。The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year.十二、省略替代类believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或如would like/ love接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：-Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?-Yes, I think so.-Will you be able to come to my birthday party?-Id love to, but Im too busy.注意：believe, think, suppose, expect等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe (think, suppose expect) not，也可以说I dont believe (think, suppose expect) so，但用hope, guess, be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope (guess) not以及Im afraid not.十三、否定转移类think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。I dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work.He doesnt think Tom will make an excellent player.当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：I dont think there is anything else I need, is there?He doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he?十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类这类动词常考的有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, marry, employ, graduate等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/ since短语或since从句连用。例如：He has come here for three years.（误）He has been here for three years.（正） It is three years since he came here.（正）十五、计划未能实现类intend, mean, hope, wish, plan, expect, think, want, suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。1该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift.I had panned to call on you, but I was too busy to get away.2该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式Id like to have arrived on time, but I was caught on the traffic jam.基础练习1. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to _ a good research.A. make B. turn C. get D. grow2. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale.A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared3. How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays?-I think wed better fly there. Its much more comfortable.A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest4. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.A. working , stopping B. to work , stopping C. working , to stop D. to work , to stop5. After he became conscious , he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod.A. to attack , hit B. to be attacked , to be hit C. attacking , be hit D. having been attacked , hit6. I really cant understand _ her like that.A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating7. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam.A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing8. I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the USA this September.A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt10. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting11. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating12. He got well-prepared for the job interview , for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost13. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able14. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things , think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting15. Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers?A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking16. The new type of cellphone _ better if it is advertised on TV.A. will sell B. sells C. would sell D. sold17. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck _ out wrong.A. to turn B. to turning C. to turned D. to be turned18. He suggested _ a meeting and it may be suggested he _ in our plan.A. to hold, was interested B. /, was interested C. holding , should be interested D. should hold, interested19. All the workers except Jack _ to work at home.A. allow B. allows C. are allowed C. is allowed20. I _ to call on you yesterday , but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.A. didnt intend B. had intended C. intended D. was intending21. What do you think of my composition?-It _ well except for some spelling mistakes.A. read B. is reading C. reads D. is read22. _ your saving so fast, or youll end up as a beggar.A. Stop to spend B. To stop to spend C. Stop spending D. Stopping spending23. The two sides _ to make peace, but something unusual _.A. had intended, happened B. intended , happened C. intended, had happened D. would intend , happened24. Why did you come to the play you didnt like?-I shouldnt like _, but my friend insisted . I like _.A. having come, to dance B. to have come , dancing C. to come, to dance D. coming , dancing25. My demand is that the information referred to in my report _ to Mr Brown without delay.A. to be e-mailed B. e-mailed C. be e-mailed D. being e-mailed26. Try to spend your time just on the things you find _. A. worth doing them B. worth being done C. worthy of doing them D. worthy of being done27. Would you like to be a secretary? Our manager is considering _ a new one. A. to hire B. hiring C. to take on D. to have employed28. Can I carry the box for you? -Ill _ getting help from you. A. appreciate B. enjoy C. like D. practice29. The student expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final exams. A. to be B. is C. being D. have been30. Who would you rather _ charge of this job, George or Jack? A. have to take B. to have take C. get to take D. get take31. I didnt know the girl you _ the sheep. A. had fed B. had her fed C. had feed D. had to feed32. When I got off the crowded bus, I found my pocket _ and the disk in it with the important documents gone. A. picked B. stolen C. missing D. lost33. The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels34. - Im still working on my project. - Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is _.（2008江苏）A. running outB. going outC. giving outD. losing out35. The performance_ nearly three hours. but few people left the theatre early.（全国卷1）A. covered B. reached C. played D. lasted36. The teacher stressed again that the students should not _ any important details while retelling the story. (2008湖北卷)A. bring out B. let out C. leave outD. make out37. The fact that she never apologized _ a lot about what kind of person she is. （08山东）A. says B. talks C. appears D. declares38. The story of the homeless orphan has _ sympathy from the public. (2008上海春招)A. aroused B. attracted C. defended D. adopted39. Dont be so discouraged. If you _such feelings, you will do better next time. （2008安徽）A. carry on B. get back C. break down D. put away40. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it _.（全国卷II）A. collected B. contained C. loaded D. saved41. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to _ their discussion. A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on（2008天津卷）42. Dont leave the waterwhile you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run43. -The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? -_. A. I guess not so B. I dont guess so C. I dont guess it D. I guess not44. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _ with no agreement reached.A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up45. Please tell me how the accident _. I am still in the dark.A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came about46. - The boss said we had only three days to finish the work. - Dont worry. We have already _ two thirds of it.A. got down B. got through C. given in D. given away47. -What should I do first? - The instructions _ that you should mix flour with water carefully first.A. go B. tell C. write D. say48. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than_.A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be49. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village _ scenes of my childhood.A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in50. I have _ all my papers but I still cant find my notes.A. looked through B. looked for C. looked after D. looked out51. She _ Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.A. picked out B. made out C. made up D. picked up完形填空 A large Chinese garment company has offered former US President Bill Clinton US $ 2,000,000 to represent the company as its “image ambassador(形象大使)” When I came 1 this information in a newspaper, I was greatly 2 It 3 me of another report not long ago, when a general 4 was underway in Israel (以色列), that some Israelis 5 Clinton move to Israel to be their new prime minister! Fortunately that was just _6 But the suggestion of the Chinese garment company is no just talkIt has been put _7_ to Clinton himself To offer US $ 2,000,000 to a former 8 to be an “image ambassador” is 9 ! Even Yuan Longping, who contributes greatly to 10 in China, was given only 5,000,000 yuan by our government First, is it 11 to spend so much money on advertising? No one can 12 to say the great function and 13 of advertisingBut it goes too 14 Wouldnt it be wiser to invest this 15 to improve the quality of the 16 products? Microsoft hasnt needed Bill Clinton to be its “image ambassador”, 17 it does need Bill Gates to be its CEO (首席执行官) Second, can the 18 of a company really be raised to a higher place by having one 19 person as “image ambassador”? As the saying goes, borrowed plumage (羽衣) never appears 20 on ones own bodyWould the companys “image ambassador” prove to be “borrowed plumage”?1Aup Bacross Cthrough Ddown2Aexcited Bsurprised Cpleased Dinterested 3Awarns BinformsCremindsDtells4AmeetingBpromotionCaffairsDelection5AwantedBneeded CinvitedDsuggested6Atalk Bfact Csuggestion Dinvitation7Aformally Bcausally Cdirectly Djokingly 8ACEO Bpresident Cprime minister Dleader9Aunforgivable Breasonable Cunbelievable Dacceptable 10Aindustry Bscience Cagriculture Deducation 11Auseless Bwise CrichDwasteful12ArefuseBadmit Cregret Ddare13Abeauty Bcost Cinfluence Dharm14Ashort BnearClong Dfar15AquantityBnumber CqualityDsum16Am