补全对话的解题技巧及典型练习.doc

补全对话的解题技巧及典型练习（高中）考生解决该题型时最大的困难是不知如何判断哪个选项最能衔接上下文，主要原因在于：1 没有把握住语篇大意，内容要点和语篇层次；2 没有仔细辨别各选项在意义上的区别；3 不能根据语言线索判断哪个选项是最佳答案；误区警示该题型需要考生不仅要注重句子层面的结构分析和意义理解，更要注重句与句，句群与句群，段与段等语篇层次上的意义连贯和关系分析。解题技巧与完形填空相比，补全短文空缺的是5个句子，无法单独从句子层面寻找线索，所以空格与上下文之间的逻辑关系显得异常重要。解答该题型的思路通常是：1 通读选项，理解句意并比较语义重心的异同。2 通读全文，了解大意并分析篇章结构。3 根据语境线索选答案。4重读以确定补全后的短文的连贯性。语境线索主要指反应上下文关系的衔接手段如篇章结构，词汇重现，逻辑，链接，指称，同构等词汇重现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指词语的简单重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类，性，数，格，时，体，态等形式出现，如reading ,read ,readers,reader等。还可能是以同义词，近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。逻辑是事物之间内在的，必然的联系，包括时间先后关系，空间位置关系，因果关系等。连接是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系，如增补关系连接词and，转折关系连接副词however指称是指用代词代替前文已出现的人物，事件，物品等，如人称代词he。She，they同构是指上下文用了同一或类似的句式 一 Buying your first digital camera can be lots of fun .But it can also be confusing because of all the different terms associted with digital photography ._1_These tips can help you buy a digital camera if you are a beginner or if this is your first digital camera .(1) Set a budget for how much you are willing to spend for a digital camera ._2_As digital cameras are getting cheaper and adding more options ,you can probably find a good deal.(2) Look at the number of megapixels(百万像素) the camera has .This indicates the number of pixels or dots used to make a picture ._3_Three megapixels is a good place to start for a beginner digital camera .(3) Check out the digital cameras zoom.Most digital cameras have digital and optical(光学的)zoom lenses (镜片) 。The optical zoom is the one that really can put the sharpness into the photograph .The higher the optical zoom is ,the better the pictures can be ._4_(4) Find a digital camera with an easyto-read LCD .Newer models are easier to see in bright light that makes it easier to see what you are photographing .(5) Hold the camerain your hands._5_This step is especially important if you are purchasing a beginner camera for a child . A It has two different kinds of zoom lenses . B Find one that isnt too big yet has all the features you want . C There are advantages to increasing the number of megapixels . D But the highest optical zoom you can find in your budget E Since it is a beginner camera ,you can keep the cost in the lo range . F The higher the concentration of pixels is ,the sharper the photo can be . G Whether you are a beginner or an expert ,do your research before buying a digital camera .语篇大意： 本文是一篇说明文，主要内容是就如何买一部入门级数码相机提供了几条建议答案与解析1 选G 选项与空格后句存在词语重复you are a beginner 2 选E 该选项中的 a beginner camera 与前文照应，keep the cost in the low range 与后文find a good deal 照应3 F 前文指出像素值是拍摄照片时所使用的像素或点数，该选项进一步指出像素与清晰度的关系4 D 前句指出了可变焦距与照片清晰度的正向关系，所以建议购买可变焦距最大的相机5 B isnt too big 与后句中for a child相照应 二 _1_Men lie;women lie .Husband lie,friends lie,wives lie ,and believe it or not ,your mother might lie .A recent study showed that 91% of all people lie on a regular basis ,and people tell at least 13 major lies a week . Dr Robert G Newby ,a professor of sociology,believes that men are more likely to tell lies than women .”Men are more concerned about how they present themselves in public ,the impression they make on people and things like that “he says .”And they want to make sure that their presentation of self is one that makes them look good “._2_” Women ,on the other hand ,Dr Newby believes ,are more private people ,and their relationships tends to be more interpersonal , as opposed to having to put on a public face .Women are more easily hurt and they are not as likely to try to cheat like men . Psychotherapist Vesta Callendar also agrees that men and women do lie differently .” _3 _They plan better ,”Callerdar notes ,”They create a hhistory around the lie ,and they try to project into the future what might happen if the lie is detected .With a woman ,a lie has a beginning ,a middle and an end .”Callendar believes that men tend to lie for the moment or to get out a situation ._4 _ Dr Elmore stresses that while it is true that most people lie from time to time ,one should be truthful “_Everything that is true does not need to be said ,but everything said needsto be true ,”he says .A Be truthful at any cost .B Men also lie to each other .C Everyone lies from time to time D Women are much more careful in their lies E Men thinks less about how the lie can be detected F He lies about almost everything ,even when he doesnt have to G Men are more likely to step outside of their relationships than women 语篇大意本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于人们撒谎的心理和男女差异的研究报告答案与解析1 C 该选项与后文是论点与例证的关系2 G 该选项与下一段（即 第三段）首句在句意上是相反关系3 D 该选项与后文第3,4,5 句是概括与具体的关系4 E 该选项和本段前文形成对比关系，且与前文存在the lie ,detected 等词语重复5 A 该选项和本段文意相符，且与前后句共有核心词true 三 We were driving on the right road when ,all of sudden,a black car pulled out of a parking space right in front of us .My taxi driver stepped on his brake ,skidded(打滑) and missed the blacks back end by just inches .The driver of the black car ,who almost caused a major accident ,turned his head angrily and started shouting bad words at us . _1_I mean ,my taxi driver was friendly .So ,I said ,”Why did you just do that ?The guy almost ruined your car and sent us to hospital “.And the following is what my taxi driver told me ,which I now call “The law of the Garbage Truck .”“ Many people are like garbage trucks ._2_As their garbage piles up ,they need a place to dump (倾倒)it. .And if you let them ,they dump it on you .When someone wants to dump on you ,dont take it personally ._3 _Believe me ,you will be happier . So this is “The Law of the Garbage Truck “.I started thinking :_4 _ And how often do I take their garbage and spread it to other people at work ,at home ,or on the streets ?It was then that I said “I am not goingg to do it any more “ _5_I see the load they are carrying .I see them coming to drop it off .And like my taxi driver, I dont make it a personal thing ; I just smile ,waved and move on . A I began to see “Garbage Trucks “ B Just smile ,wave ,wish him well ,and move on C But then ,I couldnt believe what happened next D My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy E How often do I let “Garbage Trucks “run right over me F Successful people do not let Garbage Trucks take over their lives G They run around full of garbage ,full of anger ,and full of disappointment 语篇大意本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要介绍了一位出租车司机发现的“垃圾场法则”及作者在现实生活中的应用 。答案与解析1 D 该选项与后句中的I mean ,my taxi driver was friendly 意思相符2 G 该选项和后文解释了前句把那种司机比喻成垃圾车的含义3 B 承接前句中do not take it personally ,后句指出了用友好行动回应的结果4 E 该选项中的Garbage Trucks run over right me 与后文中的take their garbage and spread it to other people s 是顺承关系5 A 该选项中的began to see 和后文中的谓语动词之间是顺承关系，是上一段反思之后的具体行动 四 How to Shop Online Safely Shopping online has become a part of everyday life._1_Just remember to follow these tips to keep your online shopping a safe and secure experience. Ensure that ,you know the identity ,location and contact details of the online retailer（零售商）。There are many online companies whose brand name is instantly recognizable,such as A.Additionally,many real life stores now include an online retailing arm as part of their retail services and you already know their reputations . _2_After looking for these signs of identification,it is a good idea to also ensure that the company has a good online reputation .Reputation can be checked through searches of the Internet for comments from others on consumer review sites.And you can always phone or e-mail a company the first time you purchase something and ask questions . Find out about billing ,guarantees and delievery before you buy ._3_And look for how to return the product if it doesnt work or meet your expectations . Only use secure websites if you are transferring funds via the site .Once you are happy with the company you are purchasing from, ensure that your credit card details are going to be processed using a secure connection . Take care when entering information .Be sure to enter the correct details when typing in your order .An incorrect address ,amount of items or wrong item code can cause many difficulties ._4_ Record purchase details .After purchasing your item, always reccord the details of the time ,date ,receipt number and order confirmation._5_ A Find our more about a companys repuation B Always review the information before pressing send C Always look for the additional costs and payment details D If you cannt print one off, take a screenshot as a form of proof of purchase E Shopping online can be safer than shopping over the phone or even in person F Yet many people still worry that their credit card details will land in the wrong hands . G Such organizations can give you more details about a company ,including any complaints 语篇大意本文是一篇说明文，主要就在网上如何安全购物提供了一些建议答案与解析 1 F 该选项指出网上购物这个时尚的风险，下文进而为回避风险提供具体建议，注意连接副词yet 2 A 后文是如何更多的了解公司信誉的具体方法，repuation是重复词语 3 C 该选项中的the additional costs and payment details 是前句中billing的具体内容 4 B review the information 与该段首句中的entering information 相照应，是避免incorrect address ,amount of items or wrong item code 的保证 5 D print 和 take a short screenshot 是record purchase details 的具体做法 五 5 Ways to Get More Sleep If you have had one or two bad nights lately .you can probably solve the problem by taking some of the measures below .These strategies may require you to change your sleeping habits ,but the effort is well worth it in the long run . _1_Heavy curtains can help keep the light out and a fun or whitenoise machine can help drown out any annoying sounds .Cool temperatures can help you sleep ,so set your air conditioner appropriately .For better air circulation, open a window or use a fan . Become a creature of habit .Anighttime routine can be effective in letting your body when it is time to sleep .Go through whatever retuals (惯例) help you mentally prepare for sleep ._2_ Watch the caffeine（咖啡因）.Too much caffeine throughout the day ,even if its not consumed immediately before bedtime ,can contribute to an irregular sleep._3_And they should be taken at least six ours before bedtime .If that doesnt work ,try cutting out caffeine altogether . _4_Your body temperature will slowly drop after you get out of the bathtub ,making you feel tired .Dont have a bath right before bed ,however ,it can briefly stimulate you enough to make it hard to fall asleep . Dont toss and turn .If 30 minutes go by and you havent fallen asleep ,get up and do something relaxing ,such as listening to soothing music or looking through a magazine .A Say good night to sleep problems B Make your bedroom a haven for sleep C Or make yourself a cup of warm milk .D Have a warm bath an hour or two before bed .E A bed thats too soft can cause mustle or back problems F Limit yourself to two cups of tea ,coffee or cola per day G And go to bed and get up at the same time each day- even on weekends 语篇大意本文是一篇说明文， 主要大意是就如何增加睡眠时间提供了5条建议答案与解析1 选B 后文中的heavy curtains ,cool temperatures 和betterair circulation 等是该选项中的a haven for sleep 的条件2 G 该选项中at the same time each day 与上下文中的habit ,routine ,和rituals 是近义关系3 F tea ,coffee,or cola 都含有一定量的caffeine ,与后句中的they形成指代关系；限定（limit .to ）饮料杯数是注意（watch）咖啡因摄入量的有效措施4 D 该选项与后文存在have a bath ,before bed 等词语重复5 C 该选项与前句形成选择关系，且都属于自我放松的方式，注意并列连词or 六 Tips to Help Manage Depression _1_In truth ,its a serious emotional condition that can have a harmful effects on your home and work life if left untreated .There are some steps you can take on your own to get rid of it and develop a more positive outlook . Stress levels Simplify your schedule and practise coping techniques to ease the stress that can worsen depresion .Avoid taking unnecessary duties at work and set reasonable deadlines for your goals .Buy a daily calendar and plan out each day and week ahead of time .Seek out a yoga class or clean deep breathing and similar relaxation techniques ._2_ Exercises and Health Regular exercise is a considered an excellent way to ease the symptoms of depression ._3_Running ,biking and swimming are easy to do and can get you outdoors if the weather is nice . For your diet ,consider healthy ,nutritious diets with a lot of fruits and vegatables ,and avoid fast food or foods with an excessive amount of suagar ._4_ Set a regular sleep schedule and stick to it .A good nights sleep does wonders for your outlook . Socializing Because isolation and lonelines make depression worse ,work on staying social .Go out with friends ,keep in touch with your family and stick to normal activities like book clubs or going to movies ._5 _A Avoid alcohol and drugs .B You might even lose a few pounds .C It raises energy levels and helps you feel empowered D Healthy human contact provides a long-lasting influence in your life E They can help you stay calm and lessen the emotional influence of depression .F Depression is too often viewed as a simple case of sadness that will pass in timeG Most of us have had at least some experience with feeling lonely even while in a crowd 语篇大意本文是一篇说明文，主要内容就是就如何处理抑郁提供了几条建议答案与解析1F In truth 揭示了后句对前句在意义（人们对压力的通常观点）上的修正2E 选项中的stay calm and lessen the emotioal influence 与前句中的ease the stress ,relaxation 等存在近义关系，they与techniques 是指代关系3C 增强体能，体力充沛是经常锻炼的结果，选项中的it与前句中的regular exercise是指代关系4A alcohol and drugs属于健康方面的问题，与该段意义相符5D human contact与前文中的social存在近义关系，是对前句中的go out with friends ,keep in touch with your family and stick to normal activities 等活动的概括 七 One of the great things about the development of new technology is how it can often be used to help solve an old problem .One example of that is miniaturization(微型) of electronics and advances made in robotics .Together ,they have allowed researchers in Europe to build robofish ._1_Every eight hours they will return to a special port when their batteries run low . The robofish are about the size of a shark and look a little clumsy._2_They cost about $30,000 each .They are designed to monitor pollution levels in Europe .In addition to providing a superior mode of moving through the water ,the fish can also avoid being troubled by floating rubbish or underwater plants . _3_They can also work with other fishes as well ,leading them to search entire areas of the sea to find out what sorts of f pollutions are gathering .The fish ,which are painted yellow ,stand out among the water so that boaters wont run into them ,can be used twenty four hours a day .Before the introduction of the fish ,harbor testing occurred perhaps once a month ._4_Now ,with the new technology ,authorities can be alterted to a spill as quickly as just a few minutes because the fish have wireless radio devices that constantly send out what they are finding back to the researchers . _5_The fish can currently detect phenols(酚)and heavy metals such as copper and lead ,as well as monitor oxygen levels and salinity. A The robofish can work independently . B The robo fish are very efficient at what they do C But the robo fish choose to work together with other fishes D They swim the way real fish do ,like using their tails and fins E The fish swim around without direction in a harbor offthe coast of Spain F The new technology allows the robofish to report the polluting level correctly G The slow work allows enough time for a chemical spill to pollute the entire region 语篇大意本文是一篇说明文， 文章主要讲的是欧洲人使用机器鱼对海洋污染程度进行监测 答案与解析1 E 该选项中的the fish特指前句提及的信息robofish且swim around与后句中的return是顺承关系2 D 该选项中的连词but 表明了该选项中的swim the way real fish do 与前句中的 look a little clumsy 在意义上的转折关系3 A 后句中的连接词组also。as well 表明work with other fishes 与work independently 的并列关系4 G 前句中的before与后句中的now 形成了使用机器鱼前后监测情况的对比，空格处指出了以前监测滞后造成的后果5 D 后句指出了机器鱼对海水污染能监测的成分，所以该空格陈述的应是机器鱼的监测效率 八 Zoey admits it was a little sad saying goodbye to her fish .But she honestly thinks its good taht they are going to a natural home . Zoeys class at Hawthorne Elementary School spent most of the school year raising the fish-from the time they were nothing more than little trout eggs . The program the Hawthorne kids took part in is called Trout in the classroom ._1_The kids at Wilson Middle school in Fishersville,Virginia took part in the project ,too. I got to feed them every morning and watch them grow up ,said seventhgrader Lauren Clayton ._2_Now my previous worry seems to disappear.Lauren was right .When the United States was first founded ,rivers and streams across the continent were filled with fish .Since then ,pollution ,overfishing and loss of natural habitat have pushed some species to the edge of extinction . _3 _And by doing that ,the kids are helping to restore their local ecosystems-the natural balance that existed before human distrubed it ._4_While the fish are at school ,the kids are responsible for making sure there is cool ,clean water ,proper food and proper living conditions in the tanks in the classroom . By the middle of May there were as big as a finger-big enough to be released into Spring Meadow Lake - but not without reading them goodbye letters . _5_Good luck out there “,one kid wrote . A They are also learning all sorts of scientific lessons . B Make sure when a worm lands on the surface ,never bite C We have to protect them ,or some of the fish could go extinct D Whats the point of raising a school fish in a school full of kids E And they can also see how our actions affect the trouts abilit