名词性从句学案部分.doc

高考英语名词性从句学案概念与分类 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别在句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 从属连词that：在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，因此往往可以省略从属连词if, whether：在从句中不充当任何成分，有意义，不可以省略连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略连接副词where, when, why, how：在从句中充当成分，有意义，不可以省略一、主语从句.由从属连词引导的主语从句：_is something we must discuss. 那个国高考资源网家是否应该建立核电站_is known to all .光以直线传播.由连接代词引导的主语从句：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m _ more time. some books.我们所需要的是_ doesnt matter to me.无论你选哪本书_www will be welcome.无论谁来.由连接副词引导的主语从句：_hasnt been announced.飞机什么时候起飞_ is still a puzzle.他到过哪儿How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少4.关于形式主语 it It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显 It is likely that.很可能It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that人们相信 It is known to all that众所周知 It has been decided that 已决定 It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是 可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。 It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起 It doesnt matter whether he likes or not. 二、表语从句可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。The problem is_ caused by smoking.数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病The question remains_.我们是否能赢得这次比赛 Thats just what I want. 我想要的This is_. 我们的问题所在The difficulty is how we can help smokers kick their habit我们如何帮助吸烟的人值得注意的是：1. 表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as, as if ，as though引导.Things were not as they seemed.It looks as if it is going to rain.好象要下雨了。2、另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：The reason whyis that (而不用 because)It ( This, That ) is becauseThe reason _ he was dismissed is _ he didnt work hard. 他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。It is _ the tobacco companies want to remain in business.同时还要注意:（1）引导表语从句的that不省略, that仅起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何成分, 无任何意义。The impression he makes on me is _ he is a reliable person.（2）the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导, 我们学生易犯“the reason is because”的错误。The reason_ the little actress has been such a success is _ she is both clever and hard-working. （3）在表示命令order等, 建议suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气： should+动词原形, should可省略His suggestion is that we _ hold another meeting to discuss the problem.（4）whether可引导表语从句, 表“是否”, 它在从句中不充当成分, if则不能。The question is _we can rely on him.（5）连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除起连接作用外, 还在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。Thats what he is worried about.（在从句作中作_）The problem is who can do the work.（在从句中作_）（6）连接副词when, where, why, how起连接作用外, 还在从句中作状语。Thats _I was late. That is _he did it.（7）连词because引导表语从句, 只用在 That/This/It is because结构中That is _ she often works hard.三、宾语从句一）引导词的选择 宾语从句的引导词除that只起连接作用外，其他的都有各自具体的意义。因此我们在选择引导词时，要把句型结构、句意及习惯搭配结合起来，做全盘考虑。请看下面的例句：Youll have to decide _ car well use, yours or mine Youll have to decide _ car well use, the old one or the new one Youll have to decide _well use the new car for Youll have to decide _well use the new car Awhich Bwhat Cwhose Dwhether 再如：I still remember _ this used to be a small village另外，要特别注意：动词或动词短语check，make sure等作肯定句的谓语时，全句在汉语意义上虽有“是否”之意，但后面常用that作引导词。如： Check _ everything is in order，please 请核对一下是否一切正常。 Make sure _ the door is locked before you leave the lab在离开实验室前，务必弄清门是否锁上了。 二）that的省略与否 that在口语中常省略。但在下列情况下，that一般不能省略： 1that从句置于句首以示强调或作简短回答时，如： That he has never seen such a thing I simply cant believe What do you assume from his attitude 你从他的态度推测到什么？ That he was frightened 他很害怕。 2及物动词所带的第二个及以后的宾语从句中。 He said_ Lesson 82 was important and _ he should learn it well 他说第82课重要，他应学好它。3that从句被短语、词组分开时。如： He told us once again _he would never give up 他再次告诉我们他决不会放弃。 4在复合宾语中。如： He made it clear_he wouldnt give us an answer 他表明他不会给我们答复的。 三）从句的谓语动词的形式 当主句时态为一般过去时时，宾语从句的时态一般受其影响，要用过去的相应时态。并且，此影响延伸至宾语从句中定语从句、状语从句等。如：He said he _ come if he_time 他说有时间他会来。 但下列两种情形例外： 1当宾语从句为客观真理或普遍事实时，只用一般现在时。如： The voyage proved that the earth is round 那次航海证实了地球是圆的。 2当主句谓语动词为suggest, insist, demand等时，其宾语从句常用should型的虚拟语气，谓语为（should）动词原形。如： He demanded that they (should) be there on time 他要求他们按时到那儿。 四）从句的语序 在宾语从句中只用陈述语序。如： He was not satisfied with_ 他对我说的不满意。 He asked _.他问怎么啦。 五）混合型的宾语从句 当主句谓语动词为thinksupposeexpectbelieve等时，且其后的宾语从句为否定句，常将否定词not从从句中转移到主句中，构成否定转移；疑问句中what, who, how等要放在句首，构成混合型的宾语从句（也可把主句视为插入语）。如： We dont think theres anything of interest in your picture,_? 我们认为你的画没有什么有趣的地方。 What do you suppose_ 你推测他们需要什么？ 六）动宾介宾形宾从句七）whether与if在宾语从句中的区别： 1、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用if连接，要用whether。e.g. Im interested in _youve finished the work.2、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。e.g. I wonder _ it doesnt rain.宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。e.g. It depends on _we have enough time. They dont know _ to go there.四、同位语从句 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,在使用同位语从句时，应注意：一）同位语从句在句中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如：The news _had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。Ive come from Mr Wang with a message _this afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：The thought came to her _when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。The story goes _again.据说他高考又落榜.二）同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。如：Where did you get the idea _ I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？Give me your promise _you will come to our party this evening.答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。Word came _China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003.消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。三）同位语从句连接词的选用在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that，who，whether)，连接副词(how，when，where)等。例如：They were all very much worried over the fact _ you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。The question _ should do the work requires consideration.谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We havent yet settled the question _we are going to spend our summer vacation.我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：We have some doubt _ they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。There is no doubt _ Zhang Wei will keep his promise.我们相信张卫会守信的。同位语从句：that有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句：We came to the decision _.我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。There was little hope_.他幸存的希望很小。以下名词常用于以上句型：advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word同位语从句：whetherwhether可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。He hasnt made the decision _he will go there.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。I have small doubt _ he is suitable for the job.他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。同位语从句：what what可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用what作为引导词I have no idea _he is doing now.我不知道他现在在干什么。同位语从句：how how可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用how作为引导词Its a question _ he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。同位语从句：who等 who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句The question _should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。She raised the question _we could get the fund.她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。四）同位语从句的语气在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。例如：Our teacher gave us some advice_.老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。The suggestion came from the chairman _.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。The government gave the order that_ in three weeks.政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。五）同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别区别(1)同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系；而定语从句是用来修饰先行词，是从属的关系。区别(2)that在同位语从句中没有词义，不充当句子成分；而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。他带给我们的消息令我们非常高兴。 _他获胜的消息令我们非常高兴。_区别(3)whether，what，how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。区别(4)1.从词义角度看问题who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义；它们用来引导定语从句时，不具有疑问词的含义。 2.从搭配角度看问题who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强，如：先行词是“人”，引导词用“who”等，而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question，idea，doubt等”。六、典型例题例1：I have no idea _he will be back.例2：I have no impression _ he went home，perhaps by bike.例3：Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)A.while B.that C.when D.as区别:It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as例4：She heard a terrible noise，_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A.it B.which C.this D.that区别:I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that高中总复习英语名词性从句专项练习卷1Evidence came up _ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A.what B.which C.whose D.that 2_was known to us all,William had broken his promise _he would give us a rise.A.As;which B.As;that C.It;that D.It;which 3Father made a promise_I passed the examination he would buy me a bicycle.A.that B.if C.whether D.that if 4After months of voyage,Columbus arrived in_later proved a new continent.A.where B.which C.what D.that 5Tom insisted that what he said true and we insisted that he and have a look.A.be;should go B.should be;should beC.was;go D.was;would go 6The reason _ she missed school this morning was_he had to look after her sick grandpa.A.why;that B.because;whyC.that;because D.which;that 7It made many countries angry_America,without the _ from the UN,started a war in Iraq.A.that;permission B.which;permitC.which;permission D.that;permit 8It was with great joy_ he received the news_ his lost daughter had been found.A.because;that B.since;whichC.for;about D.that;that 9You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how 10The shopkeeper did not want to sell for_ be thought was not enough.A.where B.how C.what D.which 11Along with the letter was his promise_ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether 12My pen-friend,Peter,wrote to me,expressing the hope _ he would come to Beijing to see the 2008 Olympic Games.A.which B.that C.what D.whether 13“_is no doubt_ the Chinese and the China government will again win the battle against SARS if the illness comes about again,”said the spokesman.A.It；whether B.There；thatC.It；that D.There；whether 14I was shocked by the news,which made me realize_terrible problems we would face.A.how B.which C.what D.that 15All finished,we sat down to enjoy _ we thought the most delicious dinner.A.what B.which C.that D.it16_ some teenagers dont realize is _difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.A.What;how B.That;howC.That;what a D.What;what a 17He is_ is known as a hackerhe likes to show off on the Internet and attack websites.A.who B.which C.that D.what 18The question has been raised at the meeting_each mem-ber country should share the expenses of the committee.A.which B.if C.what D.whether 19_different views from ours at the meeting was not surprising since she is an environmentalist.A.She expressed B.When she expressedC.That she expressed D.Whether she expressed 20Please remind me_ he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off.A.where B.when C.how D.what 21What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me do_I think I should.A.when B.that C.how D.what 22After_ seemed an endless wait,it was her turn to listen to the music.A.what B.that C.it D.there 23Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?Oh,thats _.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited aboutC.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 24America was_ was first called “India” by Columbus.A.that B.whereC.what D.the place 25_ worried her a bit was _ her hair was turning grey.A. What; what B. That; thatC. What; that D. That; what26Here are all the books I have.You may borrow_you like.A.that B.which C.however D.whichever27It was not until dark_he found_he thought was the best way to solve the problem.A.that;what B.that;thatC.when;what D.when;that 28Xiao Hong is very clever.In fact,I sometimes doubt _ anyone in the class has a higher IQ.A.that B.whether C.when D.why 29You are saying that everyone is born equal, and this is _ I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how30In some countries，_ is called “equality”does not really mean equal rights for all the people.A.which B.that C.what D.who高考英语陷阱题总结归纳名词性从句1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant. A. that B. what C. that that D. what what2. After _ had happened he could not continue to work there. A. which B. howw。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。oC. what D. having比较: He pointed to _ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.” A. that B. what C. which D. as 3.“Is _ you want to say？” asked the teacher. A. this B. that C. all that D. that all4. “When _ leave for Japan？” “When _ leave for Japan is kept secret.” A. they will, will they B. will they, they will C. they will, they will D. will they, will they比较： （1） None knows if _ that boy, but if _ him, her parents will be disappointed. A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry （2） “Where _ go to work？” “Where _ go to work is not known.” A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we 5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and