高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编-定语从句与状语从句.docVIP

高考英语语法专题复习分类汇编定语从句与状语从句一.定语从句Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. (2011湖南卷25) A. who B. whom C. which D. that 【解析】选C。前面谈到了3种语言即German，French和Russian，它们为先行词。all of which of which alland all of them，作非限定性定语从句。考点1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较： . 定语从句 限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式其前无逗号其前有逗号翻译译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行词的定语)译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句)功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句关系词可用that引导；作宾语的关系代词常可省不可用that引导；关系词一律不省意义起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义不完整)起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影响)考点2.介词+关系代词连用时，介词的选用She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. (2011江西卷34) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which【解析】选C。博物馆的建设花了3年多时间。我们可以说whose construction，也可以说the construction of whichof which the construction，介词of 表所属关系。 介词提前时，定语从句的形式为：介词+which/whom, 不能用that或who。介词的选用一般根据后边动词与介词的搭配关系选择。 考点3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的比较例1：Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (2011全国大纲卷7)A. this B. that C. what D. which【解析】选D。which引导非限定性定语从句。代指前句整个内容。 例2： _ is know to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What【解析】选B。A、D不能引导定语从句，C不能引导非限定性定语从句。As is known to everybodyAs everybody knows “正如大家所知道的”。该句也可换成It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month. as和which的相同点： (1)先行词都可指代整个主句；(2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as和which的不同点： (1)as引导的从句可位于句首，而which则不行；(2)as有“正如”之意，而which表示“这一点”。考点4.关系代词与关系副词的选用I will never forget the day _I came to my university and the day _I spent in a new city. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when【解析】 选A。第一个时间名词the day 在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when；第二个时间名词the day 在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句或省略关系代词。如果先行词是时间、地点或理由，而引导词在从句中作时间、地点、原因等状语时，引导词用when, where, why；有时尽管先行词是时间、地点或理由，但是引导词在从句中不作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语，引导词则用that或which。Men are more suited to occupational environments _ require decisive action while women are better at jobs _ a considered approach is most important. (江苏南京金陵中学高三第4次模拟卷) A. which; that B. /; when C. which; when D. that; where【解析】选D。第一空用关系代词that或which 作主语，不可以省略。第二空用关系副词where，因为句子意思完整，不缺主语或宾语。根据先行词job 和定语从句意思，确定用关系副词whereat which表地点，作地点状语。 定语从句中如果先行词是地点，而引导词在从句中可作地点状语，引导词用where；如果先行词是时间，而引导词在从句中可作时间状语，引导词用when。考点5.定语从句与同位语从句与强调句型的区别 Was it in the street _ our school is located in _ the car accident happened? A. where; thatB. where; which C. that; which D. which; that【解析】选D。本题考查定语从句和强调句型。第一空考查定语从句， that或which作第二个in的宾语；第二空考查强调句型。 1. 区别定语从句与同位语从句最简单的方法是：在先行词与从句之间加be动词，若句子成立，则是同位语从句；若句子不成立，则可能为定语从句。The news that he has passed the exam pleased him and his family.由于“The news is that he has passed the exam.”句子成立，因此“that he has passed the exam”是The news的同位语。 The news that he told me this morning is not interesting.由于“The news is that he told me this morning”不成立，于是“that he told me this morning”不是The news的同位语，而是限定The news的定语从句。2. 区别定语从句与强调句最简单的方法是：若将It is / was和that / who去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。状语从句分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、方式及比较状语从句。二.状语从句考点1.when, while, as引导时间状语的特殊点You can pay now or _ you come back to pick up the bike.A. when B. then C. while D. since【解析】选A。come是短暂性动词，而while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，所以排除C, when引导时间状语从句，与now对称。1. 表示带有规律性的“每当”或从句和主句的动作存在先后关系时，一般用when。2. 表达“随着”或“一边一边”的含义，一般用as。3. as作“当时候”解，从句的谓语一般不可是状态动词。4. while从句的谓语动词不可是短暂性的。考点2.时间、条件状语从句的时态一致性例1：The big fire lasted as long as 24 hours _ it was brought under control. (山西太原五中2010 2011学年度第二学期月考)A. after B. before C. ahead D. since【解析】选B。before 引导时间状语从句用于以下句型：时间段before从句表示“隔了多少时间才”； it will be/ wont be long before从句，表示“很久就/不久就”。该句表示：大火一直持续了长达24小时才被控制住。 例2：As is reported, it is 100 years _ Qinghua University was founded. (2011四川卷6)A. when B. before C. after D. since【解析】选D。该句考查句型it is/has been 时间段since 从句。句意：清华大学已成立了100年了。since从句后的动词一般为非延续性动词，表动作的开始。 1. 句型“It will be+段时间+before从句”，表示“不久就”。从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。2. 句型“It is+段时间+since+一般过去时。”主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示动作的终止；若从句谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示动作的开始。考点3. as引导状语从句的用法例1：Try _ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open. (2011新课标卷22)A. if B. when C. since D. as【解析】选D。as 引导让步状语从句。Try as she might Though she might try，该句型主要有以下几种形式：零冠词名词as 主语be形容词(名词)as 主语be动词原形as主语情态动词as引导原因状语从句说明原因语气较弱，着重点在主句，常译为“由于，因为”。例2：_ he was, he often ended up in financial troubles. A. Though well paid B. As well paid C. Well paid as D. Well paid【解析】选C。 此处as引导让步状语从句， well paid可看作形容词放于句首。 as/though引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然”， 从句中的形容词、副词、名词(其前一般不用冠词)或动词原形放于句首构成倒装(though也可不倒装)。although 引导让步状语从句时不倒装；while 引导让步状语从句时只能位于句首。考点4.what引导方式状语从句的用法Reading is to the mind _ food is to the body. A. what B. that C. which D. of which【解析】选A。该句意为“阅读之于心灵犹如食物之于身体”。what引导方式状语从句，一般只用于A is to B what C is to D这一句型中，意思是“A对于B的重要性，就如同C对于D的重要性一样”。 考点5. such as与such that的区别People were shocked by such a bloody murder in Virginia _ no one experienced ever. A. as B. which C. where D. that 【解析】选A。as引导的定语从句， as常与such, the same搭配使用。suchas引导的是定语从句， as须作主语、宾语、表语等；suchthat引导的是结果状语从句， that不作成分。 考点6.表示“一就”的时间状语从句 Did you keep it in mind to give Jennifer the money you owed her? Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once【解析】选B。the moment在此作连词，意思是“一就”。 1. as soon as常用一般现在时表将来。 2. hardlywhen或no soonerthan结构中，主句谓语用过去完成时，从句谓语用一般过去时。 3. 表示时间概念的副词充当连词，如： immediately, directly, instantly等。 4. “the+瞬间名词”， 如： the moment, the minute, the second等。考点7. while引导让步状语从句表示“尽管，虽然”的用法 _ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. (2011陕西卷19)A. Since B. While C. If D. As【解析】选B。while表“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。其意义相当于although或though。句意：尽管他们所有人都是强有力的候选人对象，但仅有一个将被获选担任这个职位。高考英语语法专题复习状语从句()1. _ you show any fear，the tiger will attack you. AOnce BUntil CTill DWhile()2. The master will not attend our meeting _ he_ free. Aif; will be Bif; is Cunless; shall be Dunless; is()3. Those who have problems in real marriage would look for other ways to evade (逃避) their families，_ there was no web marriage. Aas if Bonly when Ceven if Din which()4._ I could write down the number of the bus，the bus had run away. ABefore BUnless CUntil DOnce()5. She had to go back to the room _she had left her handbag there. Aunless Buntil Cbecause Dwhere()6. Shall we go outing _ fine tomorrow? Aunless it is Bif it will be Cif it is Dwhether it is ()10. Questions about her divorce follow _she goes. Awhere Bwhenever Cwhatever Dwherever ()11. You may borrow this book _ you promise to give it back. Ain case Bso long as Cas if Deven if ()12. _the days went on，the situation there got worse. AWith BSince CWhile DAs()13. _ the man grew older，he lost interest in everything except gardening. AWith BSince CWhile DAs()14. _ everybody is here，lets set out right away. ANow that BBecause CFor DAfter()15. _ you understand this rule，youll have no further difficulty. AOnce BUnless CAs DUntil()16. _I know，they will go to London to watch the Olympic Games in 2012. ASince BSo far as CIn case DAs if()17. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen _ the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead. Awhen Bthan Cas Dwhile ()18. You should put the dictionary_ you can find it easily. Awhere Bthe place Cthe place on which Dwhat()19. I criticized him，you know，not _ I hate him but _ I love him. Abecause; because Bbecause; for Cfor; because Dfor; for()20. She said to me，“Ill te