2018_2019学年高考英语一轮复习1HumanBiology高考试卷分块专练北师大版.docx

Unit 21 Human Biology 高考试卷分块专练第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)A(2018张家界模拟)Planning to go to a gym? If you are one of those who have spent many days planning to join a gym or to attend it regularly, then why not choose some home exercises? Here are some home exercises without equipment.Jumping jacksThis one is the best home workout without weights, which is a great exercise that will work your hands and legs. Perform this exercise by standing with your feet placed together and arms at your sides. Now tuck in your abs (收腹) and jump by bending your knees. At the same time, move your feet apart as much as you can and raise your hands to bring into line with your shoulders. While you come back you must be in a starting position, feet together, hands at sides and knees bent. You must land on your heels and again jump. JoggingJogging is one of the best home exercises without weights. You dont need to have a lawn or jogging track at home to perform this exercise. There are many benefits of jogging. It will work your entire legs. Moreover, it is a classic cardiovascular (心血管的) workout. Make sure you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet. Also, you can gradually increase the jogging time and speed.Rotating (旋转) exerciseStart by rotating your wrists, clockwise (顺时针方向地) and anticlockwise. Now, alternately rotate your feet in the same fashion. Now place both your hands on the shoulders and start rotating your shoulders clockwise and anticlockwise. Place an exercise mat and lie flat on your back. Now lift your left leg and rotate it clockwise; do not bend your knees. Now rest the left leg, lift your right leg and rotate it anticlockwise. It is necessary to set a perfect mood for exercise which will help you stick to the exercise routine and excitement. Make sure you wear proper exercise clothes to perform the workout with ease. Also, putting on your favorite music will make your exercise session more lively. If you get bored with exercises, just dance, after all its also one of the best home exercises.21While jogging at home, you _.Amay exercise your body entirelyBhad better choose a pair of proper shoesCshould find a space as the jogging track firstDmust stick to a fixed time and speed解析：选B细节理解题。根据Jogging部分的第六句“Make sure you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet.”可知，在家中慢跑时也要确保穿慢跑鞋，以免给脚施加压力。故选B项。22What is the right order of your body parts to move during rotating exercise?AHandslegsbacklegs.BWristshandsfeetshoulders.CWristsfeetshoulderslegs.DHandsshoulderskneeslegs.解析：选C细节理解题。由Rotating exercise部分的“Start by rotating your wrists . Now, alternately rotate your feet . and start rotating your shoulders . Now lift your left leg”可知，顺序为手腕、脚、肩、腿，故选C项。23To carry out home exercises continuously, you need_.Aa good mood and atmosphereBa good coachCa professional teacher Da good timer解析：选A细节理解题。由最后一段中的“It is necessary to set a perfect mood for exercise . Make sure you wear proper exercise clothes . putting on your favorite music .”可知，坚持在家锻炼需要好的情绪和气氛，故选A项。BOne in four children younger than age five who were infected with Salmonella (沙门氏菌) got the disease from a reptile (爬行类动物) pet in a recent UK study.The children with reptileassociated infections were obviously younger than other kids with Salmonella infections, more likely to be hospitalized and more likely to have invasive (扩散性的) infections that affected the blood or brain.“In a household with both young babies and reptiles as pets, there is good reason to exercise reasonable caution，” Dr. Daniel Murphy of Royal Cornwall Hospital in England told Reuters Health by email.Salmonella is a type of bacterium most often linked with food poisoning, and generally causes symptoms such as nausea (反胃，恶心) and vomiting.However, noted Murphy, who led the new study, more serious cases can cause blood poisoning, meningitis (脑膜炎) and bone infection.According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1.2 million Americans are infected with Salmonella every year. People with compromised (缺乏抵抗力的) immune systems, as well as young children and babies are the most susceptible to infection, according to Dr. Christoph Berger of the University Childrens Hospital Zurich in Switzerland, who was not involved in the study.Murphy and another researcher used data on Salmonella infections in children under five years old in the South West area of the UK from 2010 to 2013. They examined the records to determine whether the infected child had been exposed to reptiles like lizards or snakes and whether he or she had been hospitalized for the infection.Of the 175 cases examined, 48 children had been exposed to reptiles. Among those with reptile exposure, about half were hospitalizedcompared to less than one fifth of the children without reptile exposure. The median age of kids with Salmonella cases linked to reptiles was six months old, compared to about one year among kids not exposed to reptiles.Murphy recommends that parents of young children with indoor reptile pets should consider restricting the reptiles access to the same spaces the child uses.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要报道了研究者关于“五岁以下儿童接触爬行类动物易感染沙门氏菌”这一研究情况。24Compared with older kids, younger ones with reptileassociated infections more likely_.Adislike keeping pets at homeBget uninterested with SalmonellaCneed medical treatment in hospitalDprevent infections that affect the blood or brain解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段可知，遭受与爬行类动物有关的感染的孩子要比其他感染沙门氏菌的孩子年龄更小，更可能需要住院治疗，更可能遭受影响血液与大脑的扩散性感染。故选C。25Paragraph 4 is mainly about_.Athe shape of SalmonellaBthe types of bacteriumCthe harm of SalmonellaDthe cause of food poisoning 解析：选C段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要解释了沙门氏菌引起的危害：恶心、呕吐，严重时还会引起败血症、脑膜炎和骨感染。故选C。26It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that_.Aonly lizards and snakes belong to reptilesBthe result of the research is likely to be reliableCSalmonella infections only occur in the UKDMurphy and another researcher didnt work hard解析：选B推理判断题。根据第六段的内容可知，Murphy和同伴使用了2010年到2013年间英国西南地区五岁以下儿童感染沙门氏菌的数据记录，并通过仔细检测才得出了研究结果，因此可以说：这个结果理应可靠。故选B。27Of the 175 cases examined, how many kids with reptile exposure were hospitalized?AAll of them.BFortyeight.CAbout thirtyseven. DAbout twentyfour.解析：选D数字计算题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，接触爬行类动物的48个孩子中大约一半住院治疗了，所以其人数约为24个。故选D。C(2018长春普通中学模拟)He had more than 160 reports as a reporter on the Metro desk and more than 170 in 19 months as a national journalist based in Kansas City, Mo. But perhaps the most important piece of writing that A. G. Sulzberger did for The New York Times before Wednesday when he was named deputy publisher was not an article and was not published in The Times, but was all about The Times.That work came to be known as the “innovation (创新) report”， which zeroed in on the importance of a digital future for the newspaper his family has owned since 1896 and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes.In a conversation in his office on Wednesday, Mr. Sulzberger said he saw the innovation report and the thinking that led to his conclusions as “a wakeup call to the newsroom that we were at risk of missing the moment”“It was always easy to see how changes will endanger the traditions of the place，” he said, “but what became really clear to me was not changing was the more dangerous course if we cared about the traditions of the place.”Unlike some of the former deputy publishers in his role, Mr. Sulzberger has been more experienced in the newsroom than in advertising or consumer marketing. Still, his colleagues described him as a quick study whose modesty masked deep inner confidence. Besides, in the newsroom or out on an assignment, Mr. Sulzberger did not show off his connection to The Times owners. “I recognized the name，” said Vincent Bova, a video editor who figured in a feature article that Mr. Sulzberger wrote in 2010. “I mean, I knew I was dealing with royalty. There was no reason for me to bring that up with him, and he didnt.” So Mr. Sulzberger, in some way, has qualified himself for the position since long time ago.语篇解读：本文介绍了著名出版人A.G. Sulzberger对纽约时报的重要贡献，还介绍了他提出的“创新报道”理论以及他人对他的评价。28A. G. Sulzberger wrote the “innovation report” mainly to _.Aurge revolutions in The TimesBgain the position of deputy publisherCpromote changes in New York CityDshow directions to his family future解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段可知，“创新报道”关注报纸数字化未来的重要性，纽约时报如果不改革，则将面临危机。据此可以判断，A. G. Sulzberger提及“创新报道”的目的是敦促纽约时报进行变革，故A项正确。29What is the biggest threat to traditional media according to Mr. Sulzberger?AScientific developments.BRapid social changes.CTheir own stubbornness.DDecreasing readers.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“and said The Times risked losing its leading place if it did not make sweeping changes”和文章中提到的“innovation report”可知，A. G. Sulzberger认为纽约时报如果不做出变革，则将面临危机；据此可以判断，A. G. Sulzberger认为传统媒体面临的最大的问题是它们固执己见，不思变革，故C项正确。30How does the author show us what Mr. Sulzberger is like in the last paragraph?ABy comparing him with others.BBy interviewing him in person.CBy giving examples of his routines.DBy quoting comments from others.解析：选D写作手法题。通读最后一段可知，该段第二句介绍了同事对A. G. Sulzberger的评价，第四句和第五句介绍了视频编辑Vincent Bova对他的评价；据此可以判断，最后一段是通过别人的评价来描述A. G. Sulzberger的，故D项正确。31What does the author think of Mr. Sulzberger according to the passage?ACasual. BObjective.CAdmirable. DCritical.解析：选C观点态度题。通读全文可知，A. G. Sulzberger提出“创新报道”理论并前瞻性地认识到数字化时代对传统媒体的影响，意识到传统媒体变革的重要意义；据此可以判断，作者对A. G. Sulzberger的态度是钦佩的，故C项正确。DStanding on one leg is a simple way to assess someones risk of suffering a stroke (中风), suggests a new study.Researchers have found struggling to balance on one leg for 20 seconds or longer is linked to an increased risk of small blood vessel (血管) damage in the brain and reduced thinking ability in otherwise healthy people with no symptoms.“Our study found the ability to balance on one leg is an important test for brain health. Individuals showing poor balance on one leg should receive increased attention, as this may indicate an increased risk of brain diseases and cognitive (认知的) decline，” said Dr Tabara, associate professor at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine in Japan.The study, published in the journal Stroke, consisted of 841 women and 546 men, with an average age of 67. To measure oneleg standing time, they stood with their eyes open and raised one leg. The maximum time for keeping the leg raised was 60 seconds. The participants performed the examination twice and the better of the two times was used in the study analysis.The researchers found that the inability to balance on one leg for longer than 20 seconds was associated with brain diseases without symptoms. Overall, those with brain diseases were older and had high blood pressure than those who did not have such diseases.Short onelegged standing time was also linked with lower cognitive score. Although previous studies have examined the connection between physical abilities and the risk of stroke, this is among the first studies to closely examine how long a person can stand on one leg as an indication of their overall brain health.Dr Tabara and his team also found a strong link between struggling to stand on one leg and increased age. 语篇解读：一项新研究发现，通过一个人单腿站立的时间长短能够推断出其患中风风险的大小以及认知能力是否下降。32Dr Tabara suggested that one who couldnt stand on one leg for more than 20 seconds_.Atry to improve his physical abilitiesBreceive medical treatment for brain diseasesCbe given special attention to prevent accidentsDbe examined for other symptoms of brain diseases解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段可知，研究发现单腿站立时间不超过20秒的人可能有更大的得脑部血管疾病的风险；根据第三段第二句可知，Tabara教授建议单腿站立平衡性差的人应当受到更多的关注，因为这类人患脑部疾病和认知能力下降的风险很大。33Which of the following factors might decrease oneleg standing time according to the text?aHeart diseases. bCognitive decline.cHigh blood pressure. dThe aging process.eBrain diseases.Aa, b，d Ba, c, dCb, c, e Db, d, e解析：选D细节理解题。根据第五段第一句、第六段第一句和第七段可知，单腿站立时间短与脑部疾病(e)、认知能力的降低(b)以及年龄增长(d)有关，故选D项。34What can we learn about the study from the fourth paragraph?AIt was led by Dr Tabara.BIt included more than 1,300 people.CIt examined people of different age groups.DIt required the participants to close their eyes first.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“consisted of 841 women and 546 men”可知，这项研究共有1 387人参与，故B项正确。35Which of the following might be the best title for the text?AOverall Brain Health Deserves Close AttentionBBrain Diseases Without Symptoms Require AttentionCCant Stand on One Leg? You May Be at Risk of StrokeDCant Keep Your Balance? You May Have Brain Damage解析：选C标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现：通过一个人单腿站立的时间长短，研究人员能够推断出其患中风风险的大小。故C项是最佳标题。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)(2018西安一中模拟)Use only water that has been properly disinfected (消毒) for drinking, cooking, making any prepared drink, or for brushing teeth.Use bottled water that has not been exposed to flood waters if it is available._36_Boiling water will kill most types of diseasecausing organisms (微生物) that may be present. If the water is cloudy, filter it through clean cloth or allow it to settle, and draw off the clear water for boiling. Boil the water for one minute. _37_If you cant boil water, you can disinfect it using household chemical. _38_If the water is cloudy, filter it through clean cloth or allow it to settle, and draw off the clear water for disinfection. Add 1/8 teaspoon of regular, liquid household bleach (漂白剂) for each gallon of water. _39_Store disinfected water in clean containers with covers._40_If you suspect that your well may be polluted, contact your local or state health department or agriculture extension agent for specific advice.AThen stir it well and let it stand for 30 minutes before you use it.BThen let it cool, and store it in clean containers with covers.CDont use any container that has had milk or fruit juice in it.DChemicals like bleach will kill some, but not all types of diseasecausing organisms in the water.EIf you have a well that has been flooded, the water should be tested.FIf you dont have bottled water, you should boil water to make it safe.GThere are many ways to filter water.36解析：选F根据后一句“Boiling water will kill most types of diseasecausing organisms (微生物) that may be present”可知前一句应与“boil water”有关，故选F。37解析：选B根据前一句“Boil the water for one minute”再结合倒数第二段最后一句“储存水”的信息可知，下文应讲，待水凉后进行存储这个步骤。38解析：选D根据前一句中的“you can disinfect it using household chemical”可知，下句应与chemical有关，故选D。39解析：选A根据前文加入“漂白剂”及下文“储存”可知，这里是消毒的中间过程“搅拌，静置”等。40解析：选E根据下文“怀疑自家的水井被污染”可知，第一句应是“如果你的水井被洪水淹没，应该检测一下水质”。故选E项。第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)I did something very liberating last week. Unfortunately, it was liberating with a dash of _41_. After waiting 75 minutes for my _42_ to see the doctor, I got _43_ and walked out. Before I exited, I asked for a form to _44_ my medical records to another practice.What happened here is that my _45_ is spending more time with each patient than the medical corporation she _46_ for wants her to. My doctor is _47_ capable of spending 30 to 45 minutes in an exam room with a _48_. She likes to spend time in the room with her patients for a couple of _49_. The longer she stays, the more she hears and _50_. She picked up on one older gentlemans tendency to _51_ himself because she sat with him for 20 minutes and heard him ask the same _52_ three times. If she had _53_ the room earlier, she wouldnt have seen the need to _54_ him to a neurologist (神经专科医师) and he wouldnt have gotten some _55_ interventions for his memory loss.My doctor, as a routine matter of course for every teenage patient, has the _56_ leave the room and talks to the kid about life in general; she ends the talk by slipping them her _57_ with her phone number on it and tells them that if there is anything they ever want to _58_ with her to call her. When she had this _59_ with my daughter, she explained that sometimes teens need to have an adult they can talk to who isnt their parent, and that she hears from teens more often than you would think.Reducing the time doctors spend with patients is nothing new in medicine, of course. Its what young doctors are _60_ in school. To her credit, my doctor phoned me at home that evening to apologize for wasting my time. I made another appointment with her for next week, and this time, Ill bring a book to read because I know shell keep me waiting.语篇解读：一名女大夫为了更多地了解病人的病情，勇敢地打破了医药行业的一些特殊规定，这种做法感动了作者和很多得到过她帮助的人。41A.cleverBstupidCperfect Dwise解析：选B根据本句中的unfortunately可知此处应为stupid。作者认为自己的做法很愚蠢。42A.appointment BexaminationCargument Dannouncement解析：选A根据本句中的“to see the doctor”可知此处指与医生的预约(appointment)。43A.busy BrelaxedCmad Dworried解析：选C由于等了75分钟，所以作者几乎要发疯(mad)了。44A.deliver BtakeCtransfer Dturn解析：选C根据下文中的“another practice”可知作者在等了很长时间以后把自己的医疗档案转移(transfer)了。45A.father BfriendCchild Ddoctor解析：选D我的医生(doctor)在每个病人身上花费的时间更长。既然是和病人在一起，所以此处表示医生。46A.works BlooksCshelters Dgoes解析：选A我的医生工作的时间比她为之工作(work)的公司的要求要长。47A.hardly BeasilyCshortly Dsuddenly解析：选B根据后面一句中的“likes to spend time”可知，这位医生很容易(easily)在检查室里花费很长时间。48A.stranger BrelativeCpatient Dcolleague解析：选C由于是在诊断室里，所以是和病人(patient)在一起。49A.reasons BpurposesCmeanings Dgoals解析：选A她待得越久，就了解得越多，这是这位大夫喜欢和病人在一起的原因(reasons)。50A.needs Bwants Chopes Dsees解析：选D她与病人在一起的时间越久，就听到和看到(see)的越多。51A.praise BblameCcomment Drepeat解析：选D根据下文中的“three times”，可知此处表示重复(repeat)。52A.person BresponseCquestion Drequest解析：选C根据