英语必修二三单元教材梳理——Unit3Computers(必修2).docVIP

Unit 3 Computers语言要点单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1. personal / private / individual2. after all/above all/at all/in all3. type / kind /sort4. deal with/do with（未调顺序）词形变化（未调顺序）1.explore vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploration n. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploratory adj. 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的2. universe n. 宇宙; 世界universal adj. 全体的; 共同的;普遍的；宇宙的3. appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现appearance n. 出现; 显现; 呈现外表; 外貌; 外观重点单词1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和2. advantage n.优点；优势；有利条件3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与通讯 5. arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现； 发生重点词组1. in common 共同的；共有的；共用的2. in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说3. watch over 看守; 监视; 照看4. make up化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）重点句子1. By the1940s工had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow larger!2. However，this reality also worried my designers重点语法现在完成时的被动语态 （见语法部分） 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. personal / private / individual 【解释】personal 指属于或关于某人或某些特定的人，以区别于其他人。private 指属于私人所有或具有私营性质，以区别于集体或公共的，有时含不公开的意味。individual 与集体的相对，指个别或个体的。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Will you do it for me as a _ favour?2). If you go to a _ hospital, you must pay.3). We traveled together, but each _ bought his own ticket.Keys: 1). personal2). private 3). individual 2. after all/above all/at all/in all 【解释】after all意为“毕竟”“尽管”“到底”“究竟”；above all 意为“最重要的是”“尤其是”；at all一般用在否定句中，用以加强否定语气。at all用在疑问句、条件句中，起强调作用，意为“真的”“确实”“竟然”等。另外，not at all用来表示“不用谢”；in all表示“总共”“总计”。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). So you see，I was right _. 2). _，he wanted to succeed. 3). It will do you no harm _. 4). We visited, _, 20 universities in the US. Keys:1). after all2). Above all 3). at all 4). in all3. type / kind /sort【解释】1）kind系普通用语，其含义较模糊，它所指的种类可用任何标准区分，但着重以事物的自然属性和内在性质为标准来区分。2）type常和换用kind，但在表示动植物的种类,以及牌类游戏时，不能用type代替3）sort也为普通用语，比kind更口语化，其概念同kind一样很不严密，两者常可互换， 但sort常掺杂说话人的主观色彩，带有轻蔑与贬低的含义。如：We talked of all sorts of subjects.我们谈了各种话题。These sorts of people are ready to eat anywhere.这种人总是走到哪里吃到哪里。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Hes quite a pleasant _, really.2). All _ of difficulties have to be overcome.3). Ill never do this _ of thing.4）There are different _ of animals in Shanghai Wild Animal Park.Keys: 1). type2). kinds3). sort 4） kinds4.deal with/do with【解释】deal with和do with二者可译为“处理”，但在特殊疑问句中, do with与what配合使用，而deal with与how配合使用。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). How would you _ an armed burglar?2). What have you _ my umbrella? Keys: 1). deal with2). done with 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1.explore vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploration n. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploratory adj. 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的2. universe n. 宇宙; 世界universal adj. 全体的; 共同的;普遍的；宇宙的3. appear v. 出现; 显现; 呈现appearance n. 出现; 显现; 呈现外表; 外貌; 外观【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) Well take a voyage of _. (explore)2) Columbus discovered America but did not _ the new continent. (explore)3） Theyre making _ medical tests. (explore)4） Television provides _ entertainment. (universe)5） There are lots of stars in the _. (universe)6） Dont judge by _ can be misleading. (appear)7) He promised to be here at four oclock but didnt _ until six. (appear)Keys: 1) exploration2) explore3) exploratory4) universal 5) universe 6) appearances7) appear 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和典例1). He was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以200英镑罚金。2). The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。重点用法in sum简言之; 总而言之sum sb/sth up形成对某人某事物的看法 练习 中译英1). 总之, 计划告吹了。_2). 我认为她是个很能干的经理。_Keys: 1). In sum, the plan failed. 2). I summed her up as a competent manager.2. advantage n.优点；优势；有利条件典例 1). He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件。2). They took full advantage of the hotels facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备。重点用法take advantage of 对加以利用；欺骗to sb.s advantage 对某人有利have /get/win an advantage over （of）胜过；优于练习 中译英1).协议对我们有利。_2).她利用了我的慷慨。_Keys: 1). The agreement is/works to our advantage. 2). She took advantage of my generosity.3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标典例 1). He headed the ball into an open goal. 他乘虚把球顶入球门2). We won by three goals to one 以三比一获胜。3). Youd better set a goal before you start. 开始前最好设定一个目标。重点用法score/kick a goal 得踢进一球得一分keep goal守球门life goal/ ones goal in life生活目标achieve / realize ones goal实现目标练习 中译英1).他已经实现了他的目标。_2).我的人生目标是帮助他人。_Keys: 1). He has achieved his goal. 2). My goal in life is to help others.4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与通讯典例 1). A red light is usually a signal for/of danger. 红灯通常是危险的信号。2). He signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu. 他示意要服务员把菜单拿来。 重点用法signal to sb/sth for sth 用信号传达（某信息）; 用信号与（某人）通讯signal with用发信号练习 中译英1).铁路红灯亮了, 所以火车停下了。_2).他用红旗发信号。_Keys: 1). The railway signal was on red, so the train stopped.2). He was signaling with a red flag.5. arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现； 发生典例 1). A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。2). Accidents arise from carelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。重点用法arise from /out of由引起；由产生练习 中译英1). 夜间起风暴了。_2). 由于缺乏交流而产生了问题。_Keys: 1). A storm arose during the night.2). Problems have arisen out of the lack of communication 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. in common 共同的；共有的；共用的典例I have nothing in common with Jane. 我和简毫无共同之处。短语归纳have nothing in common 无共同之处 have little in common 几乎无共同之处have something in common 有一些共同之处 have a lot in common 有许多共同之处练习 中译英1). 这个词常用吗?_2). 她已和许多人一起申请参加训练。_Keys: 1). Is this word in common use? 2). In common with many others, she applied for a training place.2. in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说典例 1). In a way, his English has improved. 从某种程度上来说, 他的英语有进步。2). Shes been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。短语归纳in the way 造成阻碍 on the/ones way (to) 在(去)的路上by the way 顺便提一下 in no way 决不all the way 自始自终;完全地in this way 用这种方法与in a way同义的词组有in one way 和in some ways。练习 中译英1). 从某种程度上说, 我很喜欢这本新教材。 _2). 看来你的自行车挡着道了。_Keys: 1). In a way, I like this new textbook very much 2). Im afraid your bike is in the way3. watch over 看守; 监视; 照看典例 1). Could you watch (over) my clothes while I have a swim? 我游泳时你看着我的衣物行吗?2). He felt that God was watching over him. 他感觉到上帝保佑着他. 短语归纳watch out (for) 当心; 注意watch for sb./sth. 观察等待keep a watch on 监视 under the close watch 在严密的监视下练习 中译英1). 他们等待着进一步的发展。_2). 小心! 汽车来了。_Keys: 1). They are watching for further developments. 2). Watch out! Theres a car coming.4. make up化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）典例1). She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party. 她在聚会前化妆用了一个小时。2). Stop making things up! 不要胡编了!短语归纳make up for补偿be made up of = consist of由组成make for有利于，有助于；走向；冲向make it及时赶到，办成功make it up和解；讲和make known使知晓；传达make out理解；懂得；辨认出练习 中译英1).社会是由能力迥异的人组成的。2).她总是浓妆艳抹的。Keys;1). Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.2). Shes always very heavily made up. 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. By the1940s工had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger!到20世纪40年代，我已经长到一个大房间那么大，我不知道我会不会继续长大。解释 1). as large as“有大”，后面常加数词例如：This playground is as large as 500squaremeters这个操场有500平方米那么大。2). I wondered if“我不知道(奇怪)是否”，是一个常见句式，常用于口语，表示一种委婉或客气的语气。例如：I wondered if you would mind giving me a hand.练习 中译英1). 我也不知道他们能不能准时到。_2). 那个男子的体重比他重一倍。_Keys:1). I wonder whether they will arrive on time.2). That man is twice as heavy as him.2. However，this reality also worried my designers可是这个现实也困扰着我的设计者们。 解释 however adv尽管；尽管如此，可是；仍然。表示转折；可放在句首、句中或句尾，但用逗号隔开。例如：I meant to go abroad last year. However, I changed my mind later.我本打算去年出国，但是后来改变了主意。练习 中译英1). 她仍然在等，尽管没有任何回音。_2). 他说事情就是那样，不过他错了。_Keys:1). She waited, however, for no answer.2). He said it was so, he was mistaken, however.课文要点1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Over time I have been changed a lot. I could 1 (简化) difficult sums when I began 2 a calculating machine. After I was programmed by an operator, I could 3 (logic) produce an answer quicker than any person. At that time it 4 (consider) a 5 ( 技术的) revolution. In 1936, I could solve difficult problems as a 6 (universe) machine. From then on, my memory has developed so much 7 I never forget 8 I have been told. Since the 1970s, many new applications have been found for me. For example, I have been sent to explore the Moon. 9 , my goal is 10 (provide) humans with a life of high quality. 答案：1. simplify2. as3. logically4. was considered5. technological6. universal7. that8. anything9. Anyhow10. to provide 2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30个单词概括课文大意，再比较答案电脑作为课文的叙述者讲述了它从一部计算器发展成为电脑和手提电脑以及它在各个领域的运用。_答案：The narrator, a computer, tells us about its development from a calculating machine to a PC and a laptop and how it is used in different fields. 3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1. 【课本原句】As time went by, I was made smaller. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。自二十世纪七十年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里，先是用作个人电脑，后来又做成便携式。模仿要点 句子结构: first+ then+ later.【模仿1】毕业以后，他先是做一名工人，接着做了一个商店的经理后来做了一个工厂的老板。_答案：After graduation, he first worked as a worker, then as a manager of a store and later as a boss of a factory.【模仿2】从那时开始，他先在一家车厂工作，然后在一家钢厂任工程师，当其时那是一家最大的钢厂，后来又到了一家生产电脑的公司任总裁。_答案：From then on, he first worked in a car factory, then as an engineer in a steel factory, which was the biggest one at that time and later as president of a company producing computers. 2【课本原句】I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.我还被放在机器人里面，被用来制作移动手机，并且用来帮助作医疗手术。模仿要点 句子结构: as well as 【模仿1】通过上网，人们可以获得知识和乐趣。_答案：People can get a lot of fun as well as useful knowledge through the net【模仿2】随着经济的快速发展，越来越多的家长能够负担得起培训课，从中他们的孩子既可以获得一些技能也可以丰富他们的生活。_答案： With the rapid development of economy, more and more parents are able to afford training classes, in which their children can acquire some skills as well as enrich their life. 必修二三单元自测 1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：215完成时间：15分钟难度：* I made a promise to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally 21 . The idea had come to me as I listened to a commentator (解说员) on my cars tape player. He was 22 a passage about husbands being 23 of their wives. Then he went on to say, Love is an act of will. A person can 24 to love. To myself, I had to admit that I had been dulled by my own insensitivity ( 感觉迟钝). So I would like to 25 . And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Katherine at the door and said, That new yellow sweater looks 26 on you. Oh, Tom, you noticed. She said, surprised and 27 . After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Katherine suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, Katherines been 28 here with the children the year round. We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites. We visited the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, thats how the whole 29 passed. I made a new promise to keep on 30 to choose to love. 21. A. loved B. lovely C. lovable D. loving 22. A. thinking B. writing C. reading D. believing 23. A. helpful B. useful C. thoughtful D. hopeful24. A. want B. choose C. remember D. ask 25. A. happen B. change C. develop . D. forbid26. A. great B. big C. small D. old27. A. frightened B. anxious C. pleased D. disappointed 28. A. asleep B. alone C. alive D. awake29. A. morning B. year C. festival D. vacation30. A. reminding B. requiring C. repaying D. remembering2语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。字数：179完成时间：9分钟难度：* When I was in my first year of college, I felt hopeless, lonely and very depressed. 31 one such day, I was walking from class across campus to catch my bus home, head down, fighting tears of despair, when 32 old man came along the sidewalk toward me. I had never seen him before. Embarrassed at 33 (see) in such an emotional mess, I turned my head away and tried to hurry past. I thought he would walk on by, but he moved 34 he was directly in front of me, waited, and then smiled. 35 (look) into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice, 36 is wrong will pass. Youre going to be OK. Just hang on. I cannot explain the impact of that moment. He gave me one thing I had lost 37 (complete): hope. I looked for him on campus 38 thank him, but never saw 39 again. That was thirty years ago. I have never forgotten that moment, 40 taught me to give hope to others wherever I see them in distress.3阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：376完成时间：7分钟难度：* Women should not drink any alcohol during pregnancy. A report released by NICE says. It says if they must drink, they should not do so in the first three months and should limit to one or two ounces once or twice a week afterwards. It replaces previous guidance of saying small daily amounts were fine. NICE decided to tighten its guidance partly because of the concern that people are now drinking more than in the past. Previous draft guidance suggested women should drink an ounce of alcohol a day once they were past the first three months of pregnancy. The Department of Health in England changed its guidance last year, calling for no drinking while pregnant or while trying to get pregnant. Drinking heavily in pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (胎儿酒精综合症), which can leave children with features like small heads, widely spaced eyes and behavior or learning problems, The experts said there was no evidence that several ounces once or twice a week would do any harm to the baby but could not categorically rule out (排除) any risk. National Childbirth Trust agreed women should limit their drinking during pregnancy. Pregnant women who have had a few drinks often worry a great deal about whether they have harmed their baby. In general, it is believed that if a light infrequent drinker, in good health, drinks to the point of drunkenness on one occasion, the risk to her baby is small. NICE also made a number of other recommendations for the care of women in the UK who were pregnant or planning to get pregnant. It said vitamin D and folic acid (叶酸) supplements should be offered by health staff to help avoid conditions such as rickets (软骨病) and spina bifida (脊椎裂). Officials also called for local health officials to ensure equal support plans where mothers encourage new parents to breastfeed are set up. NICE also called for improvements in the care of pregnant women with diabetes. About 20;000 pregnancies each year are affected by diabetes and, therefore, carry, higher risk of miscarriage (流产) and still birth. The guidance said women should get access to advice and support, in particular to achieve good blood sugar control before they get pregnant.41. What is the advice made by the Department of Health on drinking alcohol during pregnancy? A. Little in the first three months and a gradual increase afterwards. B. An ounce a day after the first three months. C. No drinking for pregnant women. D. Those who drink regularly need n