四级新题型写作技巧.doc

四级新题型写作技巧一 五种常考体裁1 描写文 a.人物描写文 b.景物描写文 c. 事物描写文2 记叙文 3 说明文a. “how”说明文 b.图表作文4 议论文 a.正反观点对比型 b.现象分析型 c.选择型 d.谚语型5 应用文a.邀请信 b.感谢信 c.求职信 d.抱怨信 e.道歉信 f.祝贺信 g.辞职信 h.讲演稿 i.欢迎词 j.失物招领 k.寻物启示 l.个人简历 议论文 .现象分析型现象分析型作文主要是作者针对某些社会现象或社会问题进行剖析，表明自己观点态度的文章。在论述开始便引入某种现象作为讨论话题，然后有针对性地提出个人的见解和看法。College Students Job Hunting(1) 近年来出现了大学生就业难的现象。(2) 产生这一现象的原因(如大学生追求目标过高，专业不对口等)。(3) 如何解决这一问题(改变就业观念，大学生再培训等)。【范文】In recent years, college students find it increasingly difficult to find a job. It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent, well-educated, knowledgeable and eager to show their talent. Then what underlies the strange phenomenon?There are several reasons for this. To begin with, nowadays college students aim too high. All they want is “decent” jobs which can offer good salary, comfortable working conditions and high social status among others. Consequently, most college students are unwilling to accept vacant jobs they consider not “decent” enough. Another reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs. So companies think some students are not fit for the jobs.A solution to the problem requires efforts from both the society and the students. The companies should value the students talent and knowledge while the latter should not merely aim at material gains. They should be down-to-earth in building up their career. Furthermore, they should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent.On Electronic Dictionary.1 现在许多大学生在学习英语时使用电子词典。2 使用电子词典的利与弊。3 我的观点。 【范文】 Today, electronic dictionary has become a very useful tool to the students learning English. Many students are crazy about using electronic dictionaries while some teachers of English are worried about the possible problems. Just as every coin has two sides, there are advantages and disadvantages of using electronic dictionaries. There is no doubt that an electronic dictionary is compact and easy to carry. The students do not need to be hard on themselves by carrying a heavy and clumsy dictionary. However, the electronic dictionary does not provide detailed explanation of the words and the way the words are used, which can be a problem as it could very probably mislead the students. It is inevitable and understandable for people to use the electronic dictionary under some very special conditions. Therefore, my suggestion is that the students should never over-rely on the electronic dictionary; they should make an intelligent use of it instead.Correct spelling is a basic skill in English study. However, nowadays many students do not pay much attention to it.They have their own reasons for misspelling. First of all, they like an easy way of studying, which causes some omissions and changes in spelling. Second, the teachers might not be very strict in students spelling. In China, teachers seem to be more concerned with grammar and vocabulary but not spelling.To change this situation, in my opinion, the teachers and the students should work together. On one hand, the teachers should give more attention to students spelling, asking the students to be conscious of the importance of correct spelling from the very beginning of their English study. On the other hand, the students themselves are supposed to be aware that correct spelling is a must in English study.To sum up, correct spelling is so important that both students and the teachers should spare no efforts to achieve correct spelling. 2正反观点对比型、选择型正反对比首先要引出人们对某个问题的不同看法，然后提出作者自己的看法。对立引述经常用作开篇句，在四级考试中能够开篇名义，也为后面内容的安排留有更大的空间。近年来正反对比型作文出现频率较高，以历年评卷的经验，建议以三段式来论述，要求论点突出，论句有理，论述有力。选择型议论文在2000年之前的作文考试中频频出现，但在2000年以后从未考过。此类作文的结构和写作方法与正反观点型作文相似，也要以三段式来论述，要求论点突出，论据有理，论述有力。 Spring Festival Gala on CCTV1 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节联欢晚会2 但有些人提出取消春节联欢晚会3 我的看法 When it comes to whether to maintain spring festival gala, peoples opinions about it vary from person to person. Some people think spring festival gala on CCTV is needed. On the contrary, Others hold the opinion that spring festival gala should be canceled. Those who hold the first opinion think /consider that spring festival gala is like a yearly feast, from which they can enjoy wonderful performances and music, so family members can get together to share happy hour. However, others may have a quite different view. They maintain such an idea because the gala consumes a great deal of money. They also proclaim/assert/ argue that it is a waste of time for the actors to prepare. Considering all these mentioned above, I approve of the former opinion to some extent. Personally, it is true that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Spring festival gala on CCTV is needed.Study AbroadOutline:(1) 有人说出国留学利大于弊。(2) 也有人认为出国留学弊大于利。(3) 我的看法。 【范文】With the deepening of reform and opening-up of our country, many people dream of going abroad for further study. They insist that the modern research facilities, world famous professors and excellent environment in those foreign colleges and universities should help lay a perfect foundation for their future development. However, there are still many people who doubt about the overseas study. They argue that studying abroad is too expensive and therefore cant pay. They also think that many students can not study well due to language and cultural barriers. Just as the old saying goes, “Every coin has two sides.” Both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students have chances and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and widen their horizons. On the other hand, before applying for the admission, they should prepare themselves for the new environment.As to me, it is difficult to say which one is more reasonable, since both views go to extremes. I hold another opinion that 谚语型谚语型作文的标题常引用一些人所说过的至理名言或谚语，这是其主要标志。文章的主题已经非常明确，因此论述透彻、充分地表现主题是谚语作文的重点和难点。近年来，四级作文很少以谚语作文的形式出现， 但不能排除今后次类作文出题的可能性。学习下面的万能句式可以帮助写好任何作文，在文章里运用谚语也会使其增色不少。 Practice Makes Perfect1 怎样理解“熟能生巧”2 例如在英语学习中如何做到“熟能生巧”3 又如Practice Makes PerfectThere is an old saying that Practice Makes Perfect. The truth is deep and profound. It is correct in many cases even today. You cannot expect to be good at anything until you put it into practice. That is to say , the best way to learn to do something is by doing it. That more you learn it, the more you feel it helpful to your study and life. Accordingly, we should apply what we have learned to practice in order to make it perfect.Examples can be easily found to make a case for this proverb. Let us take the study of English for instance. If you are to improve your pronunciation, you must practice every sound repeatedly. If you want to write an excellent composition, you have to practice writing.Other justifiable examples can also be found to prove this. For example, a skillful tailor is one who has certainly made a variety of clothes, while a competent surgeon is one who has performed a great number of operation.Whatever you do, please remember the saying, practice makes perfect. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you will definitely benefit a lot from it. Children are what the Mothers are1. 阐明此谚语的含义2. 说明此谚语的原因3. 谚语给予的启示Some people say “Children are the mothers are.” Literally it means the mother has great influences on their children. Actually, here the mothers refer to not only mothers and fathers, but all the people surrounding, who play very important roles in the education of the kids.According to some researches, daily life affects kids enormously. Parents are the best teachers of their children, whose daily behavior and mind has a great effect on their kids. So it is unsurprising that children often reflect their parents like a mirror, and sometimes people even can tell who their parents are without knowing them before. It is true of teachers, friends, and the people the kids contact in daily life. So it is important for parents to make sure that people around the kids are the ones of good qualities, such as honesty, responsibility, patience and outstanding abilities. 二说明文说明文具有客观性、信息性、解说性的特征。到目前为止，四级作文命题作文中常考的说明文方式主要有两种：一是以how开头的句式, e.g. how I finance my college education? 二是图表题B. how 说明文 以how 引导疑问形式出现的说明文着重述问题解决方案，事物的制作和运用过程。四级考试的说明文经常用三段来进行山书。写作时力求简洁、信息性强，提供解决问题的方法客观有效。谋篇布局第一段：开头段一般只写三句。第一句：Now the phenomenon/problem of 现象或问题has aroused great /wide concern in china (somewhere) 第二句：One of the most serous problems many people talk about/complain is现象或问题一第三句：at the same time, they are more likely to get involved in 现象或问题二第二段：通常只写四句。这是作文的主体段落，具体山书解决问题的步骤和方法。第一句：To solve / deal with / cope with/ handle/ settle/ do with the problem, there might be several measures/ steps/ procedures/ process/ methods/ approaches for us to adopt/ take.第二句：The first one is to解决方案一第三句：Another solution is to解决方案二第四句：Finally, it is clear/ obvious/ apparent/ evident that解决方案三第三段： 可以用三句来概括，是对文章的总结。第一句：in fact, we should adopt various ways to solve 具体问题第二句：Whats more, it is our own duty to/ we should 具体做法第三句：therefore, we can effectively solve the problem of具体问题 How说明文Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to solve the problem of heavy traffic. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1 城市交通现象越加严重2 问题任何解决3 得出结论How to solve the problem of heavy traffic Now the problem of heavy traffic has aroused great concern in China. One of the most serious problems many people complain is that they have trouble going to work or going back home during rush hour. At the same time, they are more likely to get involved in a traffic accident. To solve the problem, there might be several measures for us to adopt. The first is to build up more wide roads. So we can reduce the rate of traffic jam and speed up the flow of traffic. Another solution is to open up more bus lines, which help to reduce the number of private cars on the roads. Finally, it is clear that light rails and subways are also effective ways to solve the problem. In fact, we should adopt various ways to solve the heavy traffic problem because it is a complicated system . Whats more, it is our own duty to educate the public to obey the traffic rules. Therefore, we can effectively solve the problem of heavy traffic. Study Abroad As demonstrated in the chart , the number of people studying abroad in X city has increased sharply from 1990, 5500 people studied abroad, in 2006 while the figure increased to 52